中考英语一轮复习—被动语态

中考复习一一被动语态被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系如果主语是动作的执行者（即某人做某事），便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者（即某事被做），便叫被动语态主动与被动的区别不是词序的区别，而是主语与谓语意义上的区别在英语中只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态的形式被动语态结构构成英语中被动语态由“助动词动词的过去分词”构成助动词有时态、人称和数be+be的变化被动语态后的by短语有时可省去

①一般现在时主+am\is\are+过去分词He isbelieved byus.

②一般过去时主+was\were+过去分词Some penswere boughtfbr hischildren byhim.

③一般将来时主+will be+过去分词The truthwill beknow byeveryone.

④现在进行时主+am\is\are+being+过去分词A dollis beingmade byMary.

⑤过去进行时主+was\were+being+过去分词The hurtplayer wasbeing carriedby them.

⑥现在完成时主+have\has been+过去分词The letterhas beenreceived byhim.

⑦过去完成时主+hadbeen+过去分词Ten bridgeshad beenbuilt bythem.被动语态的用法

①不知道谁是动作的执行者（即不知道谁做）时用被动语态，省略by短语如A manwas killedin theaccident.This windowwas brokenyesterday.

②不说或者众所周知是谁做时，用被动语态，省略by短语如Rice is also grownin thisplace.A railroadwill bebuilt herein threeyears.

③强调动作的承受者，句尾加短语by如It waswritten byLu Xun.A petdog isnever killedby itsowner.主动语态变被动语态

①把原来主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语，把动词变为被动形式即过去分词，be+并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变

②原来主动句的主语如需要则放在后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格）,如by不需要则可省略语、状语

④双宾语用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语（人）变为主语时，直接宾语（物）仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词fbr/tooMy unclegave mea gift on my birthday.一I was given a gifton mybirthday.一A giftwas givento meonmybirthday.

⑤有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”We heardhim singinghis roomjust now.一He washeard tosing inhis roomjust now.

⑥感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“t”make somebody do something—somebody+be+made todo somethingseesomebodydo something一somebody+be+seen todosomething【注意点】

①“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语如His teachergave hima dictionary.—He wasgiven a dictionary by his teacher.也可以用直接宾语做被动句的主语，但是需用to或者for引出原句的间接宾语如His teachergave himadictionary.-A dictionarywasgivento himbyhisteacher.

②“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时，动词原形前要加to.如The bossmade thepoor manwork12hours aday.f Thepoor manwas madeto work12hours aday.

③“动词+…+介词”改为被动时，介词一般在原位不动如The girltakes goodcare ofher little brother.The girlslittlebrotheris takengood careofby her.

④“be+过去分词”未必表示被动语态,而可能是系表结构如He ispleased/worried/tired/….系表He washit/knocked down/told/shot/….被动【小题狂做】用括号中所给词的正确形式填空

1.English speakby many people inthe world.

2.“Cleverness isagiftwhile kindnessisachoice.Gifts areeasy-theygive afterall.Choices canbe hard.”

3.You mustnttouch themachines unlessyou allowto.

3.1dont knowthe competitionof modelplanes cancelthe otherday.

5.1hear thatthe resultof theexam announcenext week.

6.On May12th,2008,Sichuan hitby astrong earthquakewhich killedmanypeopleanddestroyed manybuildings.。