高三英语一轮复习基础语法定语从句讲义

年高中英语基础语法定语从句讲义2023

一、有关定语从句的概念1定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面2先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词3关系词；关系副词有when,where,why等关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语如This isthe book that myfather boughtme yesterday,这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书说明句中修饰the hook的that myfather boughtme yesterday就是定语从句被定语从句所修饰的the book这是先行词代表the book的关系代词that在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语The timewhen helives is not known.他到达的时间还不知道说明句中when hearrives是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when作时间状语

二、关系代词的一般用法先行词是人，在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom或who,作定语用whose；先行词是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语都用which,作定语用ofwhich或whose均可在限制性定语从句中which,who.whom都可用that代替关系代词作宾语时常被省略This isthe manwho helpedme yesterday,这就是昨天帮助我的那个人（作主语）The teacher（who/whom that）you wantto seeis coming你要见的老师来了（作see的宾语，可以省略）I meta boywhose fatherwas aastronaut.我认识一位男孩,他的父亲是宇航员（作定语）Here isthe coatwhich thatwill bemade toyou.这是一件做给你的衣服（作主语）This isthe factory（which that）we visitedlast year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂（作visited的宾语，可以省略）He has a bookwhose cover（=the coverof which）is verybeautiful.他有一本封面非常漂亮的书

三、关系副词的一般用法关系副词有when wherewhy,在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因when的先行词通常是time,day,season,age occasion等时间名词where的先行词通常是place citytorn villagehousecase situationscenes笔地占或情形名词why的先行词只能是reason关系副语when和where有时可用“介词+which”代替，why可用for which代替如There areoccasions when=on whichone mustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候Beijing isthe placewhere二in whichI wasborn.北京是我的出生地Is thisthe reasonwhy=for whichhe refusedour offer这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？注意先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词1The factorywhere hisfather workedhas closed.他父亲曾工作的那家工厂关闭了作状语比较:The factorywhich thatwas builtin1978has closed.1978年建的那家一关闭了作主语21111never forget the dayswhen we lived together.我永远也忘不了我们一起生活的那些日子作状语比较Ill neverforgetthedays thatwe spentin Australia我永远也忘不了我们在澳大利亚度过的那些日子作及物动词spent的宾语3The reasonwhy shewas illwas thatshe hadeaten badmeat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉作状语，用关系副词比较:The reasonthat hegave forhis absencewasobliviously fabricated他所说的钟席理由显然是编造的作gave的宣语，用关系代词

四、习惯上要用引导的定语从句that1当先行词是指物的all,little,few much,any,anythingeverything,nothing,none,the one时，或先行词被all,little,fewmuch,any,every,no等修饰时All thatcan bedone hasbeen done.能做的都已经做了He willtell youeverything thathe heardabout it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切There islittle workthat isfit foryou,没什么工作适合你做I haveeaten allthe foodthat isleft.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了2先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时，或者先行词被序数词包括last,next,最高级形容词及the only,the very等修饰时This isthe bestthat hasbeen usedagainst pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好办法This isthe verybookthatI amlooking for.这正是我一直在寻找的那本书3先行词包括人和物时They oftentalk aboutthe peopleand thethings thatthey areinterestedin.他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事4当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导如Which isthe housethat caughtfire lastnight昨晚失火的是哪座房子？Who isthe ladythat isplaying thepiano在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁？

五、习惯上不用引导的定语从句that1在非限制性定语从句中，不以能用that引导Yesterday I met Mary,who seemedvery excised.昨天我碰至U了玛丽，她显得非常兴奋2直接在介词后作宾语时，不能用that引导，要用whom,whose或which,且不能省略The housein whichwe liveisnot large.我们住院的房子不大I knowthe youngman withwhom you live.我认识和你住在一起的那个年轻人但当介词放在从句的末尾时，可以用that替代which,who替代whom,也可以省略关系代词如The housewhich thatwelivein isnotlarge.我们住院的房子不大I knowthe manwhom/who thatyoulivewith.我认识和你住在一起的那个人3当先行词是指人的all,any,few,one s,anyone,everyone,people等时，多用whoo如None soblind asthose whowont see.睁眼不看事实的人眼最瞎Anyone whois oversixteen isallowed in.任何超过一六岁的人都允许进去Imetsomeone whosaid heknew you.我碰到一个人，他说认识你He whohasamind tobeat hisdog willeasily findhis stick.谚欲加之罪，何患无辞4当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或从句隔开时I wasthe onlyperson inmy officewho wasinvited.我是我们办公室里唯一受到邀请的人Anew masterwill cometomorrow whowill teachyou German.有位新校长明天来，他将教你们德语。