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第五十八讲短文改错一一动词时态语态一学习目标.解析动词时态语态改错1二考点解析一\动词谓语动词的错用
1.[单句改错](•全国卷)
①2016I Everyday hemakes surethat fresh vegetables and high quality oil areusing forcooking.分析句意:每天他保证用新鲜的蔬菜和优质食用油来烹制食物与freshvegetablesandhighqualityoiluse之间为动宾关系,应用被动语态,故改为using used(•全国卷)
②2016II Someclassmates suggestwe cango toplaces ofinterest nearby.分析在此处表示“建议”,后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气,谓语动词为动词原形,suggest“should+should可省略故去掉或改为can canshould(•全国卷)
③2015I Wemust foundways toprotect ourenvironment.分析表示“必须做某事“,后应跟动词原形故改为must foundfind(・四川高考)
④2015As Itell youlast time,I madethree newfriends here.分析由句中的可判定此处应用一般过去时故改为last timetell told(•陕西高考)
⑤20151might haveto retireagain nextyear justget somemore of these biscuits.分析句意我可能明年再退休一次,以便得到更多这样的饼干此处要用不定式作目的状语,故在get前加to(•陕西高考)
⑥2014Suddenly thearrows wereflying downat usfrom thesky-they werelooked likerain!分析为系动词,没有被动语态故去掉前面的look lookedwere[规律总结]
①动词形式的错用有些动词的过去时与过去分词是不一样的,应注意其不同点;情态动词后一般跟动词原形,表示对过去的推测时后跟过去分词”“have+
②时态的错用应通过“时间标志词”判断;通过“时态定义”判断;通过“动作先后关系”判断
③语态的错用被动语态构成错误,其构成形式为过去分词”;系动词没有被动语态;不及物动词“be+或短语无被动语态
④虚拟语气的错用条件从句中的虚拟语气,应注意表示与现在、过去、将来相反时从句谓语动词的形式;宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”等词后的宾语从句中谓语动词用()”should+动词原形”,被动式则为()过去分词”“should be+非谓语动词的错用
2.[单句改错](•全国卷)
①2016H Wecan choosebetween stayingat homeand takea trip.分析”在和之间”,是固定结构前后连接的是并列成分between…and…and前用了动名词后也应用动名词,故把改为oand staying,and taketaking()(全国卷)22016•1111showed themI wasindependent by wear strangeclothes.分析介词后应用动名词作宾语故改为bywearwearing(四川高考)
③2016•Mom wasgrateful andmoving.分析表示“令人感动的,而表示“感动的故改为moving movedmoving moved(折江高考)
④2015•11enjoyed sitclose tothe windowsand lookingat theview.分析后跟动名词作宾语故改为enjoy sitsitting()(陕西高考)52014•He wantedteach meabout animals,insects andtrees.分析“想要做某事故后加want to do sth.wanted to(陕西高考)
⑥2014•One eveningat sunset,we satby thefire,have ourbarbecue.分析两个谓语动词之间没有逗号,并非并列关系,应为现在分词作伴随状语故改为have havingo(辽宁高考)
⑦2014•It isdifficult tounderstanding whyshe barksevery minuteshes outside.分析六“做某事有困难”为形式主语,不定式为真正的主语故I difficult to dosth.it understanding改为ounderstand()(四川高考)分析§2013•Suddenly Mary,my bestfriend,asked meto lether to copy myanswers.let后跟不带的不定式作宾补故去掉前的tocopyto(陕西高考)
⑨2013•Felt hungry,we builta fireby thelake andbarbecued thefish.分析根据句子的结构可知,与之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词作状语故改为feel weFelt Feelingo[规律总结]
①不定式符号的多余在感官动词和使役动词(除外)后面跟不带的不定式作宾补to getto
②不定式符号的缺失有些动词,如等后应接带的不定式作宾语to want,decide,plan to
③误把非谓语动词用作谓语动词句中已有谓语动词,且另一动词不作并列谓语,则只能用非谓语动词
④现在分词与过去分词的错用现在分词表主动、进行;过去分词表被动、完成;现在分词转化的形容词表示“令人……的”,常修饰物;而过去分词转化的形容词表示“感到……的”,常修饰人
⑤介词与不定式符号的用法区别不定式符号后接动词原形,而介词后需跟动词的形式to tott-ing主谓不一致
3.[单句改错](•浙江高考)
①2016He wouldask whowewas andpretend notto knowus分析主语是故应把谓语改为we,was were(•全国卷)
②2014H My dream school look likea biggarden.分析主语是单数,谓语应用单数第三人称故改为Mydreamschoollooklooks()(辽宁高考)32014•The earlymorning barkinghave beendisturbing usas weare oftenup allnight withthebaby.分析主语为单数,故把改为oThe earlymorning barkinghave has(陕西高考)
④2013•Finally,there werea suddenpull atthe poleand afish wascaught.分析结构为倒装句,此处的主语为故改为there bea suddenpull,were was(银川一中二模)
⑤2016•What youhave gainedare theresult ofyour hardwork.分析主语从句为单数,故改为are is(•沈阳二中模拟)
⑥2016Last month,I,together withmy parents,were invitedto myuncles in the USA.分析本句的主语是而不是故改为I my parents,were waso[规律总结]
①名词作主语时谓语动词单复数的错用可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数
②非谓语动词或从句作主语时主谓一致错误动名词、不定式或名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数注意名词性从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词应用复数
③“就近”与“就远”原则的错用就近原则常见的有…等;either...or neither...nor notonly...but also就远原则常见的有等together with,as wellas,but,except
④倒装句的主谓一致错误在倒装句中要找出句子的主语从而判断谓语动词的单复数时态不一致
4.[单句改错](•全国卷)
①2016I Itis alwayscrowded withcustomers atmeal times.Some peopleeven hadto waitoutside.分析由前面的句子可知,这里吃饭时总是涌满了顾客,用的是一般现在时,根据时态的一致性,后面的句子也应用现在时故改为had haveo()(全国卷)22016•n Ithought thatit isa goodidea.It does not costmuch,yet wecan stilllearn alot.分析由后面的可知,此处用一般现在时故改为doesnotcost thoughtthink(•全国卷)
③2016HI However,my parentsdidn*t seemto thinkso.They alwaystell mewhat todo andhow todo it.分析由前句的可判断用一般过去时故改为didnt telltold(全国卷)
④2015•H Awoman sawhim cryingand tellinghim towait outsidethe shop.分析此处后的动词应与其前的并列,故改为and sawtelling toldo(:折江高考)
⑤2015•In themornings,it wasfull ofstudents exercising.The viewfrom theback of theclassroom isalso splendid.分析根据上下文时态的一致性可知,后句应用一般过去时故改为was is[规律总结]
①上下文时态不一致当上下文叙述的是同一件事情时,时态应保持一致
②并列句中的谓语动词时态不一致并列连词所连接的动词时态应保持一致;并列句中的谓语动词时态也应保持一致三练习题l.We weredriving alonga narrowroad when the carstopped.
2....and hadreturned tothe car!Bill isstanding atthe sideofthecar.
3.Two monthsago,they wereback inAmerica.Last Sunday,police carshurry tothe...
4.Today,it ismuch easierto behealthy thanit isinthepast.
5.Also,scientists anddoctors hadlearned howto dealwith manydiseases.
6.Anyone mayborrow books,and itcost nothingto borrowthem.
7.1fthebook youwill wantis out,you mayask forit tobe calledback foryou.
1.1nthemornings,it wasfull ofstudents exercising.The viewfrom theback ofthe classroomis alsosplendid.
9.However,myparentsdidnt seemto thinkso.They alwaystell mewhat todo andhowtodoit.
10.Finally,there werea suddenpull atthe poleand afish wascaught.答案与解析改为从句时态要与主句时态一致
1.stop stopped,改为上下文语句间的时态应保持一致
2.is was,改为上下文语句间的时态应保持一致
3.hurry hurried,•第二个改为为过去时态的标志4is was,past改为此处应该为现在完成时
5.had have,改为主语为谓语用单数
6.cost costs,it,.去掉从句中一般现在时表将来7will,if改为根据上下文时态的一致性可知,后句应用一般过去时故改为
8.was iswas is改为由前句的可判断用一般过去时故改为
9.tell toldodidnt telltold改为结构为倒装句,此处的主语为故改为
10.were wasthere bea suddenpull,were was。
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