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名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（）名词性从句在复合句中能担任:主语、Noun Clauseso宾语、表语、同位语等名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
一、引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的引导词可分为三类、从属连词（个）15（）无词义，在从句中不做成分（表明从句的确定性），在宾语从句或表语从句中有时可以省略1that that（）有词义，在从句中不做成分（均表示“是否”之意，表明从句内容的不确定性）不2whether,if whether,if可以省略（）（均表示“好像“，”似乎之意）在从句中不做成分3as if,as though、连接代词（个）有词义，在从29what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever,句中做成分，不可以省略（whowhat which在从句中做主语、宾语、其中what指代没有范围的事物，which指代有范围的事物，表“选择哪一个做宾语做定语）、连接副词（个）whom whose37when,where,how,why,有词义，在从句中做状语，不可以省略whenever,wherever,however
二、主语从句主语从句作主语的从句叫主语从句考点
一、主语从句引导词无词义，在主语从句中不做成分，不可省略
1.thatThat hedislikes themovie is none of my business.翻译为“是否”，在从句中不做成分，不可省略
2.whether:1Whether hewill comeis unknown.2Whether spendingmoney toenhance employees9working skillsis the most crucialinvestment thathas beendebatedheavily amongmanagers.由连接代词等引导的主语从句，连接代词3what,who,whom,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,whose需要在从句中做主语或者宾语，不可省略1Who will win thematch is still unknown.2What we should do is to make surethat positiveones areencouraged andnegative onesare eliminated.由连接副词等关联词引导的主语从句，连接副词在句
4.when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however中不做成分，不可省略1It is known to us howhe becamea writer.2Where theEnglish eveningwill beheld hasnot yetbeen announced.3How thesefactors interactis stillunknown today and theyremain largelyunpredictable ina personslife.考点
二、做形式主语it注意有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句it末主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式常用句型如下（）名词从句事实是1It+be++that It is afact that非常荣幸It is an honourthatIt iscommon knowledgethat.・・是常识遗憾It is a pity that（）动词的过去分词+从句:2It+be+that据说It issaid that据报道It isreported that已经证明It hasbeen proved that人们认为It isbelieved that...据猜测It issupposed that...（）不及物动词从句3It+vi+that似乎It seemsthat碰巧It happenedthat似乎It appearsthat（）形容词从句4It+be++that很自然...It isnatural that...奇怪的是…注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相It isstrange that...信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气常用的句型有“should+do”,It isnecessary important,natural,strange,etc.that...It issuggested requested,proposed,desired,etc.that...考点
三、作形式主语和引导强调句的比较it it
①It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化
②it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词引导，被强调部分指人时也可用that例如who/whomoa It isapity that you didntgo to see thefilm.b It doesnt interestme whetheryou succeedor not.强调句型c It is in the morningthat themurder tookplace.强调句型d It is Johnthat brokethe window.补充主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首1if…结构中的主语从句不可提前例如2It issaid/reported正确表达Itissaid thatPresident Jiang will visit our school next week.错误表达That PresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek issaid.叩..结构中的主语从句不可提前例如3Ith pens/occurs.正确表达It occurred to him that hefailed in the examination.错误表达That hefailed in the examinationoccurredtohim.4It doesnt matterhow/whether..・结构中的主语从句不可提前例如:正确表达It doesntmatter whether he is wrong or not.令昔误表达Whether heiswrongor notdoesntmatter.含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前例如5正确表达Is itlikely thatit will rain in the evening错误表达Is thatwillrainin theevening likely注意与在引导主语从句时的区别what that引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而则不然例如what that1What yousaid yesterdayis right.2That sheis stillalive isa consolation.练习
1.most companies and workforcerequire is not robots,but creativepeople thatbring advantagesto itsdevelopment.
2.you cansucceed inmaking yourdream cometrue dependson hardwork morethan luck.
3.governments should doisto createpolicies toencourage lowcarbon emission.
4.she couldget bettersuggestions andwould giveher betteradvide alsopuzzled her.
5.Its nosurprise ourteam haswon thegame.
6.Itisdecided themeeting will be put off nextMonday.参考答案l.what
2.whether
3.what
4.where,who
5.that
三、表语从句表语从句位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句
1.That is why,in recentyears,there hasbeen agrowing bodyof opinionin favorof puttingmore resourcesinto health.
2.What isof crucialimportance,in myopinion,is howwe defineresponsible forbringing thechildren up”.
3.That isjust whatstudents woulddo duringthe processof activelearning.
4.That iswhy manyfamilies haveset aroutine tohave mealstogether at least oncea week.
5.The thicksmog coveredthe wholecity.It wasas if/though agreat blackblanket hadbeen thrownover it.注意当主语是时，表语从句要用引导而不是例如reason thatbecauseThe reasonwhy he was latewas that he missed the trainby oneminute thismorning.练习一
1.Id liketo startmy ownbusiness thatsId doif Ihad themoney.
2.The reasonwhy he didnt passthe examwas he was too careless.参考答案
1.what
2.that
四、同位语从句、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容同位语从句通常由引导，无词义，不在句子中做成分，1that that不可以省略、可用于同位语从句的名词有、、（怀疑）、2belief advicedemand doubtpossibility thoughtproposal casefact、、hope ideainformation messagenews orderproblem promisequestion requestsuggestion truthwish等例如word）1The newsthat wewon thegame isexciting.）2I haveno ideawhen hewill comeback home.）3The thoughtcame tohimthatMary hadprobably fallenill.）4The managerput forwarda suggestionthat weshould have an assisstant.）5Maybe thisalso led to thecase that she bacamefatter.、同位语从句与定语从句的区别3（）定语从句中的既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的是1that that连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分（）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句2是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明例如）（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国）（第一1The newsthat hetold meis that Tom would go abroadnext year.个引导的从句是定语从句，在从句中作宾语）that that）（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）（同位语从句，在句中2The newsthat Tomwouldgoabroad istold byhim.that不作任何成分）
五、宾语从句宾语从句接在介词和动词后面的从句叫宾语从句考点
一、宾语从句引导词由从属连词引导的宾语从句在句中不担任任何成分，不需翻译，常被省去L thatthat（）He hastold methat hewill goto Shanghaitomorrow.（）We mustnever thinkthat weare goodin everythingwhile othersare goodin nothing.注意在（要求）、（命令）、、（坚持）,（期望），（督促），demand ordersuggest decideinsist desireurge（建议），（命令）,等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的advise,propose require,request,command doubt动词后,宾语从句常用“（）动词原形”例如should+（）I insistthat she shoulddoher workalone.（）The commanderordered thattroops shouldset offat once.由从属连词或引导的宾语从句翻译为“是否”，不可省略whether if）1She wonderedif/whether centuriesof divingcould haveledto the evolutionof physicalcharacteristics thatmade thetaskeasier forthem.）2There isdebate,however,over whetherthis isuseful tocompaniesandto individuals.注意只能用不能用的情况whether,if引导主语从句并在句首时；a.引导表语从句时；b.引导从句作介词宾语时；c.从句后有时；d.“or not”后接动词不定式时；e.在后只能用f.discuss whether1Whether there is lifeon themoon isan interestingquestion.2Everything dependson whetherwe haveenough money.3I wonderwhetherhewill come ornot.4Can youtell mewhether to go orto stay由连接代词等引导的宾语从句，连接代词5what,who,whom,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,whose需要在从句中做主语或者宾语，不可省略1Also,it givesour parentsmore timeto dowhat theylike andit improvesthe familyrelationships.2Now theroute is no longerused forinternational tradebut manystories ofwhat happenedon theancient roadremain.3Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite willwin a prize in the Kite Festival.4Your supportis importantto ourwork.Whatever youcan dohelps.5She willgive whoeverneeds helpa warmsupport.由连接副词等关联词引导的宾语从句，连接副词在句
3.when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however中不做成分，不可省略1She alwaysthinks ofhow shecan workwell.2What puzzlesLilys friendsiswhyshe alwayshas somany crazyideas.3The poorman wasntable togive himany informationabout whereshe lived.4Well orbadly,I wroteatleasttwo pagesa day.This is how mynovel,The Lineof theSun,was finished.考点
二、宾语从句的时态,主现从变当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态1从句用一般现在时1I knowthat hestudies Englishevery day.从句用一般过去时2I knowthat hestudied Englishlast term.从句用一般将来时3I knowthat hewill studyEnglish nextyear.从句用现在完成时4I knowthat hehas studiedEnglish since
1998..主过从过当主句动词是过去时态除外，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时,过去2could,would进行时，过去将来时等；1He said that hewould waitfor usat theairport.2I came to believethat Icould do nothing aboutmy weight.3The teachertold usthatTomhad leftus forAmerica..客观真理一般现当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态31The teachersaidthatthe sunrises from the eastand setsin thewest.2Scientists haveprovedthatthe earthturns aroundthe sun.练习
1.The weatheris fine.Tm surewe cango campingthis afternoon.
2.Alice amvedatshethought wasa wonderland.
3.The exhibitiontells usweshoulddo somethingto stopair pollution.
4.T thinkmy fatherwould liketo knowIve beenup toso far,so Idecide tosend hima quicknote.
5.Police havefound appearsto be the lostancient statue.
6.Itisestimated that
12.79million newurban jobshave beencreated thisyear,which almostdoubles_____________it waslast year.
7.The companiesare working together tocreate theyhope willbethe best meansof transportinthe21stcentury.
8.Everyone faceschallenges inlife.It^a matterof youlearn toovercome themand usethem toyouradvantage.
9..Figuring outin advancewere goingto copewith majorproblems duringthe virusoutbreak helpsus workefficiently.
10.People from the southfind itdifficult tounderstand peoplefrom thenorth aresaying.
11.—The hillsidevillage remainsprimitive andunspoiled.一That explainspeople desireto exploresuch aremote place.
12.Tm wonderingyou couldhelp mewith myhomework.
13.He askedhandwriting wasthebest.
14.Can youtell methe No.3bus stopis
14.1dont knowthe trainis late.
1..1am notsure ismore frightened,meorthe littleboy.
17.Do youknow hewill stopworkingMaybe at12:00pm.
18.Please decidewe willgo nextmonth,Canada orother countries参考答案
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13.whose
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16.who
17.when
18.where拓展否定转移一）将等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的1think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式我想我并不认识你I dontthink Iknow you.我相信他不回来I dontbelieve hewill come.注意若谓语动词为宾语从句中的否定词不能转移hope,我想你没有生病吧I hopeyou werentill.）将等后的从句的否定转移到前面2seem,appearIt doesntseem thatthey knowwhere togo.看来他们不知道往哪去Itdoesn*t appearthat wellhaveasunny daytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定3I dontremember havingever seensuch a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人（not否定动名词短语having...）Its nota placewhere anyonewould expectto seestrange characterson thestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人（作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式）anyone）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前_4（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食The antisnotgathering thisfor itselfalone.（否定状语）他并不因亚里斯多He was not readyto believesomething justbecause Aristotlesaid so.because德说过如何如何，就轻信此事（否She hadnot beenmarried many weeks whenthat mansyounger brothersaw herand wasstruck byher beauty.定状语）她结婚还不到几个星期，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷manyweeks练习l.Its rainingdayandnight.Theres nodoubt thesports meetwillbeputoff.
2.He studiedhard.wasnowonder hewas admittedto atop university.
3.50me childrenwant toimprove themselvesby learninga languagedifferent fromtheir parentsspeakat home.
4.1f youtake alook aroundyour kitchenor office,chances areyoull noticethatyouare surroundedbyplastic waterbottles,take-out cups,plastic grocerybags andfood packages.
5.The thoughtcametohim maybeheshouldhave saidsorry tohis father.
6.makes thisshop differentis thatit offersmore personalservices.
7.She ishappy for her sonhas achievedin literature.
8.The reasonwhy hewas absentfromthemeeting washewasdelayed bythe accident.
9.isknownto allis thatsmoking doesharm toour health.
10.you dontlike himisnoneofmybusiness.
11.Can youfind theanswer tothe questionwas wrongwith thecomputer
12.However,its notjust whenyou eatthat matters,but youeat alsomatters.
13.Part of the reasonwhy CharlesDickens lovedhis ownnovel,David Copperfield,was itwas rathercloselymodeled onhis ownlife.
14.He stayedup toolate anddidnt getup ontime.Thafs hemissedtheschool bus.
15.Jim saidthere wasno clearevidence shehad tolda lie.
16.The reasonwhy hefailed ishewastoocareless.
17.The mostpleasant thingoftherainy seasonis onecan beentirely freefrom dust.
18.impressed memost inmy seniorhigh schoollife wasthe friendshipamong classmates.
1.1Itisshocking thatsome investmentbanks evenjudge candidateson theywear brownshoes.
20.Please tellme youare gettingalong withyour newclassmates.
21.Every year,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.
22.Jane movedaimlessly downthe tree-lined street,not knowingshe washeading.
23.The factshe workshard iswell knowntousall.
1.11was deeplytouched andinspired byhe said.
25.No oneknows effectsthe GMmaterial might have onthe foodchain.
26.They areworkingtogethertomakethey thinkis thebest product.
27.Thats Iwant toknow.
28.In fact,no oneknows forsure itwas thatmade himgive upthis opportunity.
29.isnodoubt thatgrades haveimproved andinterest ineducation hasrevived.
30.Amy didntknow was that herkindness wouldset offa chainreaction.
31.surprised usmost wasthathewas awardedall thethree medalsinthecontest.
32.ril givethe ticketsto wantsit.
33.We shouldrespect foodand thinkabout peoplewho don*thavewe havehere andtreat foodnicely.
34.surprised mewasthathedidvery wellintheexam.
35.According tothe hotefsgeneral manageronce toldus,a triptothewoods issomething ofa traditioninthe area.
36.isapitythatthe industrialcities builtinthenineteenth centurydonotattract visitors.
37.What thedoctors reallydoubt ismy motherwill recoverfromtheserious diseasesoon.
1.1interests methemostishoweverything isconnected altogetherin randomways.一
39.You cantimagine fantasticfun webchatting is.一Really Butit maycause alot oftrouble sometimes.
40.The studentsreturned toschool witha senseof achievement,a feelingthey helpedpeople inneed.
41.While theyare rarenorth of88°,thereisevidence theyrange allthe wayacross theArctic,and asfarsouth asJames Bayin Canada.
42.These3000-year-old symbols,jiaguwen,were carvedon turtleshells orbones ofanimals,and cangive usinsight intoancientChinese sawthe worldaround themand intotheir greatcreativity.
43.Experts thinkthey migratedfrom isnow Russiaacross aland bridgecalled theBering Straitduring thelastIce Age.
44.Cobb,for herparty,started to ask conferenceorganizers whoinvited herto speakshe coulddo soremotely.
45.we willspend oursummer holidayisstilluncertain now,but Ipersonally hopetogotoaseaside city.
46.After havingfailed somany timesin jobinterviews,Fm startingtoseethe problemlies.
47.The mostexciting momentforherwas shefinally gotthe joboffer.
48.This isanother proofhe killedaman.
49.It alsoraises questionsabout Europeangovernments aredoing enoughto keepup andcare forsuchbuildings.
50.As naturalarchitects,the PuebloIndians figuredout exactlythick theadobe wallsneeded tobe tomakethe cyclework onmost days.参考答案
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