医学免疫学学习资料：名解1

免疫半抗原Hapten Ahapten is a smallmolecule whichcan elicitan immuneresponse onlywhen attachedtoa largecarrier suchas aprotein;the carriermay beone whichalso doesnot elicitan immuneresponse byitself.互补决定区Complementarity determiningregion CDRA complementaritydetermining regionCDRis ashort aminoacid sequencefound in the variabledomains of antigen receptore.g.immunoglobulin andT cellreceptor proteinsthat complementsan antigenand thereforeprovides thereceptorwith itsspecificity forthat particularantigen.补体Complement Thecomplement systemis abiochemical cascadethat helpsclear pathogensfrom anorganism.It ispart of the largerimmune systemthat isnot adaptableand doesnot changeover thecourseof anindividuafs lifetime;as suchit belongsto theinnate immune system.However,it canbe recruitedandbrought intoaction bythe adaptiveimmune system.主要组织相容性复合物MHC Themajor histocompatibilitycomplex MHCis alarge genomicregionor genefamily foundin mostvertebrates.It isthe mostgene-dense regionof themammalian genomeandplays animportant rolein the immune system,autoimmunity,and reproductivesuccess.白细胞分化抗原Leukocyte differentiationantigen Thecell surfacemarkers whichexpress ordisappearon thedifferent cellsinthedifferent stagesof differentitationand activation.抗原提呈细胞APC Anantigen-presenting cellAPC oraccessory cellis acell thatdisplays foreignantigencomplexed withMHC onits surface.T-cells mayrecognize thiscomplex usingtheir T-cellreceptor TCR.体细胞高度突变:Somatic hypermutationSomatic hypermutationor SHMis amechanism insidecellsthat ispart ofthe waytheimmune system adaptsto thenew foreignelements whichconfront itforexample,microbes.负选择Negative selectionThe deathof autoimmunelymphocytes shortlyafter theydevelop.Also knownasclonal deletion.无反应性Anergy Anergyisaterm inimmunobiology thatdescribes alack ofreaction bythe bodysdefensemechanisms toforeign substances,and consistsofadirect inductionof peripherallymphocytetolerance.调节性细胞:Regulatory Tcell TRegulatory Tcells sometimesknown assuppressor Tcells areaspecialized subpopulationof Tcells thatact tosuppress activationoftheimmunesystemand therebymaintainimmunesystemhomeostasis andtolerance toself-antigens.激活诱导的细胞死亡AICD activation-induced celldeath AICDrecognition anddeletion ofTlymphocytes thathave beeninduced toproliferate byreceptor-mediated activation,preventing theirovergrowth.。