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年北京高考英语真题及答案2023第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑I was always timid（羞怯的）.Being newto theschool mademe even],so it was surprisingI d2to anyonearound me.Now I was payingthe price-to writea five-page essayon“Why IShouldNot Talkin Class”,That wouldtake allnight!After Igot home,though.I tookmy timepetting thecat-postponing thepain.When Ifinally satdown to3,I beganwith thereasons MsBlack wouldwant tohear.Talking keptme andmy neighboursfrom
4.One paragraphdown;now whatI chewedonmy pencil.Aha!What iftalking werethe firststep towardslife asa criminalWithout theeducation Iwasthrowing away,Idturn to theft andgo toprison.When Igot out,people wouldsay,“She usedtotalk inclass.The pagesbegan
5.But whenmum gothome fromwork,I was still6,“Five pages!That simpossible!“Well,you dbetter getback towork,“she said,“and Iwant toread itwhen youre through.”Soon afterdinner,I handedthe essayto mum.I halfexpected a7-at leastan Ihopeyou velearned yourlesson”.8,mum laughedand laughedas sheread.The nextday,when MsBlack readthe essayto theclass,everyone laughed.I could9they werentmaking funof me:they laughedbecause I had thepower totell afunny story.My10____still neededsome nudging（激发）,but Idid learnI wasntshy inprint._
1.A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier
2.A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat
3.A.weep B.rest C.write D.read
4.A.learning B.playing C.planning D.laughing
5.A.standing outB.flying byC.breaking upD.checking in
6.A.celebrating B.longing C.complaining D.warning
7.A.lecture B.reason C.reward D.solution
8.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Instead⑴活动形式;⑵活动内容注意
（1）词数100左右;⑵开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua参考答案第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.D
9.C
10.B第二节（共15分）A
11.would throw
12.exactly
13.had arrivedB
14.seen
15.cities
16.has establishedC
17.to
18.where
19.to address
20.facing第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
21.B
22.C
23.B
24.A
25.D
26.B
27.C
28.D
29.C
30.A
31.A
32.C
33.B
34.D第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项
35.D
36.F
37.G
38.B
39.C第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4题;第
（1）、
（2）题各2分，第⑶题3分，第⑷题5分，共12分）
40.Habits arebuilt throughlearning and repetition.
41.A routine involves repeated behaviour whilea habit is a deep-rooted urge.
42.Picking upa newhabit takesa fewweek,while buildinga healthy habit takesa shortertime.Becausebuilding a healthyhabit takes many months.
43.I have a goodhabit ofgoing to bed earlyand gettingup early.Therefore,I canstudy energeticallyeverymorning,which makesme studyefficiently.Also,I amvery healthy.第二节（20分）
44.Dear Jim,Hearing thatyou areplanning aclub activitywith thetheme ofGreen Beijing“and needmy help,Iam writingto offeryou my suggestions.I thinkyou cancarry outthis activityin aninteractive andexperiential manner,which meansstudentscan participateand have a betterunderstanding ofGreen Beijing“through gettinginvolved indifferentactivities by themselves.You canshowcase garbageclassification onsite,plant treesand publicizesharingeconomy,which willall fit into thetheme ofuGreen Beijing”.Hopefully,you willget someinspiration from mysuggestions.Wish yousuccess.Yours,Li Hua
9.A.hope B.imagine C.tell D.predict
10.A.patience B.confidence C.tolerance D.independence第二节共15分A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Every cultureis riddledwith unwrittenrules,such asones onpunctuality守时.I mBritish.Soonafter movingto Switzerland,I11throw ahouse-warming partyand wasgreatly surprisedwhen all30guestsshowed up12exact ontime.Years later,having movedto France.I turnedup at the appointedhour foradinner,only tofind thatno otherguest13arrive andmy hostesswasstillin hersleeping suit.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Mangroves,known as“red forest”in China,grow betweenland andsea,characterised bytheir complexroots.When14see fromafar,the mangroveforests appearmore splendid.Mangroves canhelp softenwaves andprotect15city fromcoastal winds.For thesereasons,they arepraisedas“coastal guardians”.Up tonow,China16establish anumber ofprotected areaswith mangroves.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Nina hasrun marathonsin32countries.All ofher runshaveaguiding purpose:to callattention17global waterissues.Nina recentlyfinished heryear-long seriesof runsin Chicago,18thousands wereattending awater conference.She calledfor action19addressthe strugglesof peoplearound the world20face“too littlewater ortoo dirtywater”.Her effortshave encouragedothers totake partby runningthrough aglobal campaigncalled“Run Blue”.第二部分阅读理解共两节，38分第一节共28分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑The InternationalOlympic Committee（IOC）Young Leadersprogramme empowerstalents to make apositivedifference in their communitiesthrough sport.Twenty-five Young Leaders arebeing selectedevery twoyearsfor afour-year period.They promote the Olympicvalues,spreading themessage ofsport forgood.To bean IOC Young Leader,you need to firstcomplete the4-Week LearningSprint（冲刺）.4-Week LearningSprintThe4-Week LearningSprint,which willtake placeduring November2023,is avirtual learningprogramme.The sessionscan beattended liveor watchedback after they aremade availableon theIOC channel.Eachweek,participants willbe askedto complete a topic-specific reflection task.The4-Week LearningSprint isopen toanyone,with thetarget audienceaged between20and
28.After successfullycompleting the4-Week LearningSprint,you willneed tosubmit aplan for a sport-based project,which youwill work on ifselected as an IOC YoungLeader.Requirements for the Applicants•You havesuccessfully completedthe4-Week LearningSprint.•You havecompleted yourhigh schoolstudies.•You haveat least one yearof workexperience.•You havestrong publicspeaking skills.•You areself-motivated andcommitted.•You arepassionate aboutcreating positivechange inyour community.•You areopen tobeing coachedand advisedby expertsand peers（同伴）.•You are able towork withpeople from different backgrounds.A.create changein theircommunityB.attend avirtual learningprogrammeC.meet peoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeaders projectwill
22.If selectedasanIOCYoungLeader,one needto.A.completeareflectiontaskeach weekB.watch sportson theIOC channelD.coach and advise theirpeersC.workona sport-based project
21.In the4-Week LearningSprint,participants will
23.Which is a requirementfor theapplicantsA.Spreading themessage ofsport forgood.B.Having atleastone-year workexperience.C Showinggreat passionfor projectplanning.D.Committing themselvesto becomingan expert.Sitting in the gardenfor myfriend sbirthday.I felta buzz（振动）in mypocket.My heartracedwhen Isaw theemail senders name.The emailstarted off:Dear MrGreen,thank youfor yourinterestvand“the review process tooklonger thanexpected.”It endedwith“We aresorry toinform you…andmy visionblurred（模糊）.The position——measuring soilquality in the SaharaDesert aspart of anundergraduate researchprogramme一had feltlike theanswer I had spentyears lookingfor.I hadput somuch timeand emotionalenergy intoapplying,and Ithought therejection meantthe endof the roadfor myscience career.So I was shockedwhen,not longaftertheemail,Professor MaryDevon,who wasrunning theprogramme,invited meto observethe workbeing donein her lab.I jumpedat thechance,anda few weekslater Iwasequally shocked一and overjoyed一when sheinvited meto talkwith herabout potentialprojects Icouldpursue inherlab.What sheproposed didn t seemas excitingas the original projectIhadapplied to,but Iwas goingto giveit myall.I foundmyself workingwith arobotics professoron techniquesfor collectingdata from the desertremotely.That project,which Icould completefrommysofa insteadof in the burningheat of the desert,not onlysurvived thelockdown butworked wheretraditional methodsdidnt.In the end,Ihada newscientificinterest topursue.When Iapplied tograduate school,I foundthree programmespromising toallow meto followmy desiredresearchdirection.And Iapplied with the sameanxious excitementas before.When Iwas rejectedfrom onethathad seemedlike aperfect fit,itwasundoubtedly difficult.But thistime Ihad theperspective（视角）to keepit fromsending meinto panic.It helpedthat intheendIwasaccepted intoone of the otherprogrammesIwasalso excitedabout.Rather thansetting plansin stone,I velearned thatsometimes Ineedtotake theopportunities thatareoffered,even ifthey don,t soundperfect at the time,and makethe mostof them.
24.How didthe authorfeel uponseeing theemail senders nameA.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.
25.After talkingwith ProfessorDevon,the authordecided to.A.criticise thereviewprocessB.stay longerintheSahara DesertC.apply totheoriginalproject againD.put hisheart andsoul into the labwork
26.According tothe author,the projectwiththerobotics professorwasA.demanding B.inspiring C.misleading D.amusing
27.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.An invitationis areputation.B.An innovationis aresolution.C.A rejectioncan bea redirection.D.A reflectioncan bea restriction.In recentyears,researchers fromdiverse fieldshave agreedthat short-termism isnow asignificantproblem inindustrialised societies.The inabilityto engagewith longer-term causesandconsequences leadsto someof theworld smost seriousproblems:climate change,biodiversity collapse,and more.The historianFrancis Coleargues that the Westhas entereda periodwhere“only the presentexists,a presentcharacterised atonce bythe crueltyoftheinstant andbytheboredom of an unendingnow”.It has been provedthat peoplehaveabias（偏向）towards thepresent,focusing onloud attractionsinthe momentattheexpense ofthe health,well-being andfinancial stabilityof theirfuture selvesorcommunity.In business,this biassurfaces asshort-sighted decisions.And onslow-burning problemslike climatechange,it translatesintotheunwillingness to make smallsacrifices（牺牲）today thatcould make a majordifference tomorrow.Instead,all thatmatters isnextquarter,s profit,or satisfyingsome othernear-term desires.These biasedperspectives cannotbe blamedon onesingle cause.It isfair tosay,though,that ourpsychologicalbiases playa majorrole.People,s hesitancyto delaysatisfaction is the mostobvious example,but thereare others.One of them is about howthe mostaccessible informationinthepresent affectsdecisions about thefuture.For instance,you mighthear someonesay:It scold thiswinter,so Ineednt worryabout globalwarming.Another isthat loudand urgentmatters aregiven toomuch importance,making peopleignore longer-term trendsthat arguablymatter more.This iswhen apop stardraws farmoreattention than,say,gradual biodiversitydecline.As apsychologist oncejoked,if aliens（外星人）wanted toweaken humanity,they wouldnt sendships;they wouldinvent climatechange.Indeed,when itcomes toenvironmental transformations,we candevelopa formof collective“poor memoryn,and eachnew generationcan believethe stateof affairs they encounteris nothing out oftheordinary.Older peopletoday,for example,can remembera timewith insect-coveredcar windscreensafter longdrives.Children,on theother hand,have noidea thatinsect populationhasdropped dramatically.
28.The authorquotes FrancisCole mainlyto.A.draw acomparisonB.introduce atopicC.evaluate astatementD.highlight aproblem
29.What can be inferredfromthelast paragraphAClimate changehas beenforgotten.B.Lessons ofhistory arehighly valued.C.The humanmind isbad atnoting slowchange.D.Humans areunwilling toadmit theirshortcomings.
30.What doesthe authorintend totell usA.Far-sighted thinkingmatters to humans.B.Humans tendtomakelong-term sacrifices.C.Current policiesfacilitate futuredecision-making.D.Bias towardsthepresent helps reducenear-term desires.What islife Likemost greatquestions,this oneis easyto askbut difficult to answer.The reasonissimple:we knowof justone typeof lifeand it s challengingto doscience witha samplesize ofone.The field of artificial life-called ALifefor short一is thesystematic attemptto spellout lifesfundamental principles.Many ofthese practitioners,so-called ALifers,think thatsomehow makinglifeis thesurest wayto reallyunderstand whatlife is.So farno onehas convincinglymade artificiallife.This trackrecord makesALife aripe targetforcriticism,such asdeclarations ofthe fields doubtfulscientific value.Alan Smith,a complexityscientist,is tiredof suchcomplaints.Asking about“the point”of ALifemight be,well,missing thepoint entirely,he says.The existenceofaliving systemis notabout theuse ofanything.Alan says.uSome peopleaskme,So what,sthe worth ofartificiallife’Do youever think,What istheworthof yourgrandmother”As muchas manyALifers hateemphasizing theirresearch,s applications,the attemptsto createartificiallife couldhave practicalpayoffs.Artificial intelligencemay beconsidered ALife,s cousininthat researchersin bothfields areenamored bya conceptcalled open-ended evolution（演化）.This isthe capacityforasystem tocreate essentiallyendless complexity,tobea sortof“noveltygenerator.The onlysystem knownto exhibitthis isEarth sbiosphere.If thefieldof ALife managestoreproduce lifes endless“creativity”in somevirtual model,those sameprinciples couldgive risetotruly inventivemachines.Compared withthe developmentsof Al,advances inALife areharder torecognize.One reasonis thatALifeis afield inwhich thecentral concept一life itself一is undefined.The lackof agreementamongALifers doesnthelpeither.The resultisadiverse lineof projectsthat eachadvance alongtheir uniquepaths.For betteror worse,ALife mirrorsthe verysubject it studies.Its muddledG昆舌L的）progressionis astriking parallel（平行线）totheevolutionary strugglesthat haveshaped Earthbiosphere.Undefined anduncontrolled ALifedrives itsfollowers torepurpose oldideas andgenerated novelty.It may be,of course,that thesecharacteristics aren,tin any waysurprising orsingular.They mayapplyuniversally toall actsof evolution.Ultimately ALifemay benothing special.But eventhis dismissalsuggestssomethingperhaps,just likelife itselfthroughout theuniverse,the riseof ALifewill proveunavoidable.
31.Regarding AlanSmith sdefence ofALife,the authoris.A.supportive B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.doubtful
32.What doesthe word“enamored”underlined inParagraph3most probablymeanA Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.
33.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.ALife holdsthe keytohumanfuture.B.ALife andAI sharea commonfeature.C.AI mirrorsthe developmentsofALife.D.AI speedsup theprocess ofhuman evolution
34.Which wouldbe thebest titleforthepassageA.Life IsUndefined.Can AIBe aWay OutB.Life Evolves.Can AIHelp ALife Evolve,TooC.Life IsUndefined.Can ALifeBe DefinedOne DayD.Life Evolves.Can Attemptsto CreateALifeEvolve,Too第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项It sa joyfuland stressfultime ofyear inthe UnitedStates forstudents and their families as theymakedecisionsaboutwhere toattend college.Families oftenturn torankings systemsto helpmake adecision.35When Italk tofamiliesasa scholarof highereducation,they reoften surprisedthat teachingexcellenceisnotcounted inrankings.36Emerging researchsuggests thatcourses inlower-ranked universities,on average,scored higheronteaching thancourses in higher-ranked universities.37The absenceof teachingexcellence fromthe rankingsissurprising giventhe linkbetween high-quality teaching and studentsuccess.Quality teachingis oneofthe mostimportant predictorsofawide rangeof collegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,are onlyone reasonwhy alow valueis placedon teachinginhighereducation.Administrators oftendon tview teachingexcellence asa wayto increaseenrolment（注册）or funding.38Research showsthatthemore timeinstructors spendon teaching,the lowertheir salary.What istheresult Manyinstructors continueto teachusing traditionallectures,which leadto lowersuccess rates.39Nevertheless,not muchwill changeuntil schoolswith high-quality teachingare rewardedwithmore resources,higher rankingsand increasedenrolments.In thelong term,universities,organisationsthat rankschools,and othersshould worktomaketeachingavalued,core partofthemission.What shouldstudents andtheir familiesdo Theyshould givestrong considerationto universitieswherehigh-quality teachingis valued,even thoughthe schoolsmayberanked lower.A.Higher educationhas achieveditstrue potential.B.Therefore,it snot highlyvalued inhiring orpromotion.C.Quality teachinghasbeenan importantreputation-building factor.D.However,the rankingsignore acritical factor:the qualityof teaching.E.Efforts toimprove teachingattheuniversity levelhave recentlyemerged.F.They reeven moresurprised athow teachingis undervaluedby universities.G.In fact,universities oftenshift emphasisfrom teachingto otherranking factors.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4题;第
（1）、
（2）题各2分，第⑶题3分，第⑷题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题请在答题卡指定区域作答Habit formationistheprocess bywhich behavioursbecome automatic.People developcountless habitsasthey exploretheworld,whether theyare awareofthemor not.Understanding howhabits takeshape maybehelpful inchanging bad habits.Habits arebuilt throughlearning andrepetition.A personis thoughtto developa habitinthecourseof pursuinggoals bybeginning toassociate certaincues（刺激）with behaviouralresponses thathelp meetthegoal.Over time,thoughts ofthe behaviourand ultimatelythe behaviouritself arelikely tobe triggered（触发）by thesecues.A“habit loop（环）“isaway ofdescribing severalrelated elementsthat producehabits.These elementsarecalled thecue,the routine,andthe reward.For example,stress couldserve asa cuethat onerespondsto byeating,which producesthereward-the reductionof stress.While a routineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,itsnot necessarilyperformed inresponse toadeep-rooted urge,asa habitis.Old habitscanbedifficulttoshake,and healthyhabits areoften harderto develop.But throughrepetition,itspossible toform newhabits.The amountof timeneeded to build ahabit willdepend onmultiplefactors,including theindividual andthe intendedbehaviour.While youareableto pickupa newhabitinafew weeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuilda healthyhabit.Take sometime tothink aboutwhatleads tobadhabitsandre-evaluate whatyou getoutofthem（or dont）.Consider andkeep inmindwhy youwant tomakeachange,including howthe changereflects yourvalues.
40.How arehabits built
41.In whatway isaroutinedifferent fromahabit
42.Please decidewhich partis falseinthefollowing statement,then underlineit andexplain why.Picking upa newhabit takesafewweek,while buildingahealthyhabit takesa shortertime.
43.What benefit（s）have yougot fromone ofyour goodhabits（In about40words）第二节（20分）
44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议请你用英文给他回复，内容包括。
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