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高考英语词汇用法
1.againstagainst prep.
1.反对Personally,T magainst themeasure ofpaying studentsto learn.就我个人而言,我反对用金钱鼓励学生学习的做法
2.违背;逆against one,s wish违背某人的意愿This wasagainst thelaw,这是违法的The shipis sailingagainst thewind.船正在逆风航彳亍
3.和比赛,对抗等〜Well becompeting againstsome of the bestcompanies inEurope.我们要和欧洲——些一流的公司竞争
4.倚靠;向着;对着He leanedagainst thedoor.他倚着门The rainbeat against the windows.雨打在窗户上
5.防备;以备Squirrels storeup foodagainst thewinter.松鼠贮存食物以备过冬
6.以为背景;衬托__〜The picturelooks goodagainstthewhite wall.在白墙的衬托下这幅画很好看
2.aroundprep.在周围;环绕着He walkedaround thetable touchingglasses with the guests.他绕桌而行,与客人碰杯在附近He livessomewhere aroundLondon.他住在伦敦附近的某个地方在各处She wanderedaround thestreets,looking inshop windows.她在街上闲逛,看商店橱窗adv.在附近;在周围He lookedaround butcould seenothing.他向四周张望,但什么也没有看到各处;到处On myholidays,T11travel around the world.在假日里,我要去世界各地旅行大约(about)It costme around10yuan.这个东西花了我大约10元
3.ascon j.
1.当时候;一面一面;随着They sangsongs as they weredoing farmwork.他们一边干农活,一边唱着歌
2.因为;既然As hewasnt readyin time,we wentwithout him.因为他没有及时准备好,我们没等他就走了
3.虽然;尽管Clever asshe is,she worksvery hard./Although sheis clever,she worksvery hard.尽管聪明,她还是很努力【注】as意为“尽管”时,引导的从句要用倒装语序,其结构为形容词/名词/副词/动词原形+as+主语.名词提前时,去掉冠词・・
4.如;像;按照Do inRome asthe Romando.入乡随俗Wed betterleave thingsastheyare untilthe policearrive.在警察至!]来前,我7[门最好让现场保持原样【注】表示比较或方式的as从句一般用正常语序,但是,在正式用语中,as从句有时也用倒装语序She looksforward,as doesher secretary,to thecompletion of the building.和她的秘书一样,她也盼望着大楼竣工as for至于;就而言As forparents,nothing canbe comparedwith theirchildren,s physicaland mentalhealth.对父母而言,没有什么能与自己孩子的身心健康相比as if/though[其后的从句常用过去时态表示虚拟语气]好像;似乎It looksas ifit isgoing torain.看样子好像要下雨He speaksEnglish perfectlyas if/though hehad livedin Englandfor manyyears.他英语讲得很好,好像他在英国生活了很多年似的as it is/was[置于句首]实际上;[置于句末]已经As itis,I havea gardenfull ofsweet-smelling rosesfor most of theyear.其实,我有一座花园,一年中大部分时间都玫瑰飘香as tosth.关于某事F min apuzzle asto whatto donext.关于下一步该做什么我也不知道adv.[用于形容词和副词前,构成比较句型]同样地Ten yearsago thepopulation ofour villagewas twiceas largeas thatof theirs.十年前,我们村子的人口数量是他们的两倍【注】否定句中也可用so代替asoA friendis notso soongotten aslost.交友慢,失友快prep.作为;如同He wantsme togo withhim asa secretary•他要我作为秘书跟他一起去pron.(正)如——样作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句,常与such和the same连用He isnot sucha foolas helooks.他并不像看起来那么傻作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,从句可位于主句前、中、后As weall know,success comesfrom hardwork.众所周知,成功源于勤奋as,which区别辨析二者都可以引导非限制性定语从句,指代主句的全部或部分,作从句中的主语或宾语,其用法、意义区别如下
1.as引导的定语从句可置于主句前,而which引导的不可以As1explained onthe phone,your requestwill beconsidered at the nextmeeting.如同我在电话里解释的那样,你的请求将在下次会议上讨论One ofthe boyskept laughing,which reallyannoyed Jane.其中有一个男孩子一直笑,这让简很生气
2.as引导定语从句时,常有“正如”之意,而which没有The sizeoftheaudience,as wehad expected,was we11over onethousand.正如我们所料,观众的人数远远超过了
10004.ask
1.问,询问She askedMary whattime itwas.她问玛丽几点了She askedabout Jesseshealth.她询问了杰西的健康状况
2.要求,请求ask sbto dosthOne evening,a passer-by askedto stayfor the night.——天晚上,有个过路人请求借宿一晚ask+that/wh-从句She askedthat sheshould bekept informedof development.她要求向她报告进展情况asksb sthCanI askyou afavour可以请你帮个忙吗?ask sbfor sthDontbe afraidof askingothers forhelp whenitisneeded.需要时不要害怕向他人求助
3.邀请ask sbto dosthShe,s askedhim tocome tothe party.她已邀请他来参加聚会4•索要价格Hes asking£80a monthrent forthat flat.那套公寓月租他要价80英镑ask fortrouble自找麻烦;自讨苦吃
5.assist,help,aidassist vtvi【正式用语】帮助;协助We arelooking forpeople whowould bewilling toassist in/withthegroup5s work.我们正在寻找愿意帮助该小组工作的人拓展assistance n.帮助;协助;援助medical/technical assistance医疗援助/技术支持give/offer/provide assistanceto do帮助某人eg.With theassistance ofhis brother,he soldone painting,在弟弟的帮助下,他卖掉了一幅画assistant n.助手;副手;助理;店员a teaching/shop assistant助教/店员区别三者都有“帮助”之意,但侧重点有所不同assist侧重“协助,助理”、受助者自己要做大部分工作A nurseassisted thesurgeon duringthe operation.一位护士在手术中协助外科医生help指给予各方面帮助I willhelp youto finishthe housework.我来帮助你做完家务aid指用金钱、物资等“援助”他人,强调帮助受助者脱离苦难She isalways aidingthe studentwith money.她一直在资助那个学生
6.away
1.离;离开;间隔Go/Run away!走/跑开!His speechis awayfrom thesubject.他的讲话离题了
2.朝另一个方向Dont lookaway whiledriving.开车时不要四处张望
3.在别处;在适当的地方_He puthis toolsaway.他把工具收起来了
4.不在;外出He isaway intown.他去城里了
5.【多与动词连用】•去;..掉・・・wash away洗掉;冲掉die away消失The snowmelted away.雪融化了
7.beat,hit,strikebeat(beat,beaten)v.
1.vtvi(连续地)打;敲打;殴打beat adrum敲鼓beat...to death把打死The boywas beatenuntil hewas blackand blue.那个孩子被打得青一块紫一块
2.vt打败;战胜;超过Will anyonebeat therecord thisyear今年会有人打破纪录吗?
3.vi(心脏等)跳动My panicwas risingand Icould feelmy heart beating wildly.我越来越恐慌,能感觉到心在狂跳beat about/around thebush说话拐弯抹角Get tothe point.Don,tbeataroundthebush.直奔主题吧,别拐弯抹角的beat up毒打He wasbadly beatenup bya gangof youths.他被一伙年轻人狠狠打了一顿辨析beat,hit,strike三个词都有“打”,“击”的意思,但用法不完全相同beat指用手或物等连续地打、敲击,如殴打或体罚,敲鼓、桌子等,还可指心脏跳动,打拍子和雨水的冲击She wasbeating thedust outofthecarpet.她在敲打地毯上的灰尘hit表示瞬间的动作,强调打中或击中这一结果,或强调敲打、打击对象的某一点,只作及物动词用_He shothis arrowand hitthe target.他射了一箭,击中了目标strike指用力地“打击”,表示短暂的动作,含有急速的或突然的一次性的殴打,打击或敲击,是普通用词,还可表示敲钟、报时有时与hit通用,指灾难侵袭The carran outof controland hit/struck atree.汽车失去控制,撞在树上
8.beforeprepL[表示时间]在以前before11/dark/supper11点以前/天黑前/晚饭前Before longa largecrowd hadgathered outsidethe building.不久大楼外面就聚集了一大堆人
2.[表示位置]在前面;(工作、局面等)摆在面前She isafraid tospeak beforea largeaudience,她不敢在大庭广众面前讲话Never bowbefore difficulties.决不向困难低头
3.[表示顺序、重要性等]先于She gotinto thebus beforeothers.她比别人先上了汽车advL[表示时间]以前the night/day/week before前一晚/一天/一星期She hadthe impressionthat shehad seenmostofthe guestsbefore.她感觉大部分客人都是她以前见过的
4.[表示位置、方向等]在前面;向前You walkbefore and I willwalk after.你在前面走,我在后面跟着conj在以前Think twicebefore youdecide.作决定前要再三考虑Some timepassed beforemy stepfatherandIgot usedto eachother.继父和我相处了一段时间以后才彼此习惯It wasntlong beforehe returnedfrom abroad.不久他就从国外回来了Someone calledme upin themiddle ofthenight,but hehung upbefore Icould answerthephone.有人深更半夜给我打电话,但我还没来得及接就挂断了【注】before的译法很灵活,在不同的语境下可译为“(没过多久)就»,“(过)才”,“还没来得及就”,“趁(还没有)时“
9.appear,look,seem三者都有看起来之意appear强调根据事物的表面现象而做出判断,可能与事实不符She didntappear atall surprisedatthenews.听到这个消息、,她好像一点儿都不惊讶【拓展】appearance n.外观,外貌;外表look表示说话人根据视觉所作出的判断She lookshappy.她看起来很开心seem指有一定根据或从某种迹象作出判断,往往接近事实There seemsto havebeen amistake一my nameisnt onthe list.好像弄错了一名单上面没有我的名字以下三个句型中,三个词不可随意替换。
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