高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义——语篇类型题

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义——语篇类型题（）《普通高中英语课程标准年版年修订》中规定，接触和学习不20172020同类型的语篇，熟悉生活中常见的语篇形式，把握不同语篇的特定结构、文体特征和表达方式，不仅有助于学生加深对语篇意义的理解，还有助于他们使用不同类型的语篇进行有效的表达与交流语篇类型题是高考英语阅读理解经常考查的题型，本期我们结合高考真题，就如何解答语篇类型题进行相关技巧的点拨常用的解题技巧有.根据文章的主要内容进行判断如介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告，介1绍某人生平事迹的文章可能来自传记，而介绍一种新型科技产品的文章可能来自报纸或杂志有关科技的版面根据文章的关键词进行判断如含有等词的文章可能

2.experiment,research来自科学报告或研究论文；小标题中含有等词的文章可能来自admission,bus routes旅行指南根据文章的文体特征进行判断新闻报道类文章开头通常附有日期、地点或通

3.讯社名称等信息；自传类作品往往从第一人称视角出发，介绍自己的经历和事迹；广告体的文章格式特殊（常用到缩写、大写等）、语言简练，常省略冠词；源于某网站的文章中会出现、等词，有时还会提供网址等website click，例（年新高考英语全国卷篇，保留原题号下同）12020II CInMay1987the GoldenGate Bridgehad a50th birthdayparty.The bridgewasclosed tomotor trafficso peoplecould enjoya walkacross it.Organizers expectedperhaps50,000people toshow up.Instead,as manyas800,000crowded theroads tothe bridge.By thetime250,000were onthe bridge,engineers noticedsomething terrible:the roadwaywas flatteningunder whatturnedout tobe theheaviest loadit hadever beenasked tocarry.Worse,it wasbeginning to（晃动）.sway Theauthorities closedaccess tothe bridgeand tensof thousandsofpeople madetheir wayback toland.A disasterwas avoided.The storyis oneof scoresin To Forgive Design:Understanding Failure,a book（赞歌）that isat oncea loveletter toengineering anda paeanto itsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.Henry Petroski,has longbeen（航天writing aboutdisasters.In thisbook,he includesthe lossof thespace shuttles飞机）Challenger andColumbia,and thesinking of theTitanic.Though heacknowledges thatengineering workscan fail because thepersonwho thoughtthem upor engineeredthem simplygot thingswrong,in thisbook Dr.Petroski widenshis viewto considerthe largercontext inwhich suchfailures occur.Sometimes devicesfailbecausea gooddesign isconstructed withlow qualitymaterialsincompetently applied.Or perhapsa designworks sowell it is adoptedelsewhereagain andagain,with seeminglyharmless improvements,until,suddenly,it doesnot workat allanymore.Readers willencounter notonly storiesthey haveheard before,but somenewstories anda movingdiscussion ofthe responsibilityoftheengineer tothe publicandthe waysyoung engineerscan behelped tograsp them.“Success issuccess butthat isall thatitis,Dr.Petroski writes.It isfailure thatbringsimprovement.

31.What isthe textA.A newsreport.B.A shortstory.C.A bookreview.D.A researcharticle.【分析】本文是一篇书评文章对的著作Dr.Henry PetroskiToForgive进行了评析Design:Understanding（本题应选项根据文章的关键词第二段中的、、

31.C storybook author.第三段中的第四段中的及最后一段中的）推断，writing,book,Readers,stories writes本文是一篇书评例（年月高考英语浙江卷篇）2:20201AI neverknew anyonewhod grownup inJackson withoutbeing afraid of Mrs.Calloway,our librarian.She ranJacksons CarnegieLibrary absolutelyby herself.SILENCE inbig blackletters wason signshung everywhere.If shethought youweredressed improperly,she sentyou straightback home to changeyour clothes.I waswilling;I woulddo anythingto read.My motherwas notafraidofMrs.Calloway.She wishedmetohave myownlibrary cardto checkout booksfor myself.She tookme into introduceme.“Eudora isnineyears oldand hasmy permissionto readany bookshe wantsfrom theshelves,children oradults,n Mothersaid.Mrs.Calloway madeher ownrules aboutbooks.You couldnot takeback abookto thelibrary onthe sameday youdtaken itout;it madeno differenceto herthatyoud readevery wordin itand neededanother tostart.You couldtake outtwo booksata timeand twoonly.So twoby two,I readlibrary booksas fastas Icould go,rushing themhome in the basketof mybicycle.From theminute Ireached ourhouse,I startedto read.I knewthis wasextreme happiness,knew itat thetime.My mothershared thisfeeling ofmine.Now Ithink ofher asreading somuch ofthetime whiledoing somethingelse.I rememberher readinga magazinewhile takingthepart ofthe Wolfin agame ofTittle RedRiding Hood“with mybrothers twodaughters.Shed justlook upat theright time,long enoughto answer—in character—“The betterto eatyou with,my dear,and goback toher placein themagazinearticle.

23.Where isthe textprobably fromA.A guidebook.B.An autobiography.C.A newsreport.D.A bookreview.【分析】本文选自美国著名女作家的自传作品Eudora WeltyOne Writers作者在文中分享了自己孩童时期有关阅读的回忆和经历严厉的图书馆管Beginnings.理员，自己如痴如醉地阅读，同样爱好读书的妈妈本题应选项答对此题的关键在于正确分析本文的文体特征作者通篇以第一

23.B（人称）视角写就此文文中所记所述均有关自己的回忆，以及发生在自己身上的I经历；第三段讲述自己爱上了阅读；第四段讲述妈妈与自己同样热爱阅读由以上信息可推知，本文选自一篇自传作品例（年高考英语全国卷篇）32019I CAsdata andidentity theftbecomes moreand morecommon,the marketis（生物测量）growing forbiometric technologies-likefingerprint scans—to keepothers outof privatee-spaces.At present,thesetechnologies arestill expensive,though.Researchers fromGeorgia Techsay thatthey havecome upwith a low-cost（装置）device thatgets aroundthis problem:a smart keyboard.（节奏）This smartkeyboard preciselymeasures thecadence withwhichone typesand thepressure fingersapply to each key.The keyboardcould offerastrong layerof securityby analyzingthings likethe forceof auser*s typingand thetimebetween keypresses.These patternsare uniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboard candetermine peoplesidentities,and byextension,whether theyshouldbe givenaccess tothe computerit*s connectedto—regardless ofwhether someonegetsthe passwordright.It alsodoesnt requirea newtype oftechnology thatpeople arenttalreadyfamiliar with.Everybody usesa keyboardand everybodytypes differently.In astudy describingthe technology,the researchershad100volunteers typetheword“touch“four timesusing thesmartkeyboard.Data collectedfrom thedevicecould beused torecognize differentparticipants basedon howthey typed,with verylowerror rates.The researcherssay thatthe keyboardshould beprettystraightforward tocommercialize andis mostlymade ofinexpensive,plastic-like parts.The teamhopes tomake itto marketinthenear future.

31.Where isthis textmost likelyfromA.A diary.B.A guidebook.C.A novel.D.A magazine.【分析】本文是一篇科研报道文章介绍了美国佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客本题应选项分析文章结构可知，第一段为背景介绍，第二段引出本文的话题

31.D智能键盘”并介绍了其工作原理;第三段及最后一段均围绕本a smartkeyboard话题进行具体陈述再根据第二段中出现的关键词Researchers,alow-cost device,最后一段中的和the technology等推断，本文是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在某杂志上researchers。