高一英语暑假课（译林版2020必修第一册）unit2语法讲解

高一英语暑假精品课译林版必修第一册2020语法讲解unit

21.初步掌握必修一第二单元的语法知识点-英语的三大句式

2.能够运用该单元的语法正确做题的基础知识Unit2英语的三大句式英语句子按其结构可以分为以下三类简单句，并列句和复合句简单句是指有一个主语和一个谓语动词，但可以有几个宾语，定语或状语的句子分为五种句子结构，在第一单元部分有讲解到具体是哪五种基本结构一主谓一主语+谓语SV基本结构二主系表——主语+连系动词+表语SVP基本结构三主谓宾——主语+谓语+宾语SVO基本结构四主谓宾宾一主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语SVOO基本结构五主谓宾补——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语SVOC并列句是指包括两个或更多个独立的从句，用并列连词and,转折连词but,选择连词or和因果连词so连接起来，并可以不用连词而用分号连接常用并列关系的连词有:Though heis young,he knowsa lot.Although I am tired,I mustgo onworking.批注although只能用在句首，而though既可以放句首也可以放句末2althoughthough不能和but用在同一个句子中例如Though it was raining hard,but he still went out.X应该说Though itwas raining hard,hestillwentout.或It wasraininghard,but hestill wentout.复合句之定语从句定语从句的含义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句，通常紧跟在被修饰的词之后被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词定语从句的分类定语从句的连接词分为关系代词that,who,whom,which,whose和关系副词where,when,why初中阶段我们主要能辨认和理解关系代词引导的限制性定语从句就可以了o定语从句关系代词的用法

1.先行词指人lDo youknow the girl先行词who/that isstanding atthe door你认识站在门口的那个女孩吗？2The manthat/who wrotethe bookis anEnglish professor.写这本书的那个人是一位英语教授关系代词指人，是从句的主语，用who或that,不可省♦3She is the singerthat/who/whom Imet lastweek.她就是我上周遇见的那个歌手关系代词指人，是从句的宾语，用who,that或者whom,可省♦4This isthe boywith whomI playedbasketball.这就是那个和我打篮球的男孩关系代词指人，是从句中介词的宾语，且介词提前，只用whom,不可省♦

2.先行词指物lYesterday heswam acrossa riverwhich/that is100meters wide.昨天他游过了一条100米宽的河关系代词指物，是从句的主语，用which或that,不可省♦2The letterthat/which Ireceived was from my father.我收到的那封信来自我的爸爸关系代词指物，是从句的宾语，用which或that,可省♦3This isthe cagein whichthe parrotPolly lives.这就是鹦鹉Polly住的那个笼子注意⑴无论先行词指人还是指物，who/that/which在定语从句中作主语时，都不能省略2关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致

3.先行词指物或指人，关系代词与其后面的名词存在物主关系，关系代词用whoseoI knowthegirlwhose hairis long,我认识那个长发女孩Please passme thebook whosecover isred.请把那本红色封面的书递给我

4.宜用that的情况1当先行词指物，又被the only、the very,形容词最高级或序数词修饰时eg Americaistheonly foreigncountry thatmyfatherhas evervisited.美国是我爸爸曾经游览过的唯一一个外国国家The mostbeautiful parkthat I have visitedis BeihaiPark.我参观过的最美丽的公园是北海公园2当先行词为much,anything,everything,nothing,something等不定代词时egIhavetold themall that I know.我已经告诉了他们我所知道的一切3当先行词中既有人又有物时eg The boy andthe dogthat arerunning in the streetget wetall over.正在街上跑着的男孩和狗浑身都湿透了4当主句中已有who,which日寸egWho isthe boythat wearsa pairof sunglasses戴着一副太阳镜的男孩是谁？Which isthebook thatyou borrowedfrom Mike哪一本是你从迈克那里借的书？

5.关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况a.先行词为that,those时，用which,而不用that.例如What9s thatwhich isunder thedesk在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，which,而不用that.例如:This isthe roomin whichhe lives.这是他居住的房间C.引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指事物时，用which,而不用that例如Tom cameback,which madeus happy.汤姆回1来了，这使我们很高兴定语从句关系副词的用法

1.when指时间，其先行词表示时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语例如This wasthe timewhen hearrived.这是他到达的时间

①until表示动作、状态的持续，强调“一直到…为止”，或强调某个动作或状态一直持续到另一个动作或状态出现之前常与表示延续性动作的动词连用彳列I waiteduntil threeoclock,but hedidnt come.

②not...until表示“到……为止；直到……才”，常与表示瞬间性动作的动词连用例The childrendidnt comehome untilitwasdark.

（5）when,while,as的区别和联系1）在when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是表示延续的（长动词），也可以是表示瞬间的（短动词）；2）while引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的（长动词）.例I waswatchingTVwhen Tom came in.Tomcamein whileIwaswatchingTV.3）as用于表示同一个人的两种动作交替进行,指一边.......一边.......例The girlsings asshe goestoschool.4）表示两个同步发生的动作或行为，意思是随着……的发展例As timewent on/by,she becamemore andmore beautiful.Its gettingcolder andcolder asthe wintercomes.批注while除了可以做“正当…时候”之意，还可以表示转折，意思是“然而”还可以作名词讲，“片刻之意”如Some peoplewaste foodwhile othershavent enough.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱I haventseen herfor along while.我好久没有看见她了6since的考查since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自…・以来主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时此外也有It hasbeen...since从句；It is+一段时间+since从句例He hastaught usMaths sincehecamehere.Its tenyears since I workedinthehospital.Where haveyou beensinceIsaw youlast批注对since引导的时间状语提问要用how longo条件状语从句⑴条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导条件状语从句时，一般遵循主将从现的原则如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，状语从句用一般现在时例ril helpyou withyour Englishif Iam freetomorrow.Dont leavethe buildingunless Itell youto.You mustntbe late,if youwant togo therewith metomorrow.2“祈使句+and or+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句例如Hurry up,or youll be late.=If you dont hunyup,youllbelate.Study hardand you will pass the exam.=If youstudy hard,youwillpasstheexam.®unless=if...not.,如You willget losteasily unlessyou have a map.=You willget losteasily ifyoudonthaveamap.

②if既有如果”也有“是否”的意思作“如果”讲时遵循主将从现的原则，作“是否”讲时引导宾语从句例I dontknow ifhewillcome backtomorrow.I willgo toShanghai ifIamfree nextweek.原因状语从句1原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导例如:He didntcome toschool becausehewasill.As itis raining,we shallnot gothe zoo.Since youcant answerthe question,Ill asksomeone else.2because表示直接原因，语气最强because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后回答由why提出的问题，只能用becauseas和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因由as和since引导的原因状语从句多放在句首例如Why arentyou goingthereBecause Idont wantto.As he has nocar,he cantget thereeasily.Since wehave nomoney,we cant buy it.3because和so不能同用在一个句子里4because与because of的区别:because后只能接句子，而because of后面只能接名词或名词短语，不能跟句子例如:Because ofthe badweather,we putoff thesports meeting.Because itrained yesterday,we putoff thesports meeting.结果状语从句结果状语从句由so...that,such...that引导例如:He is so poorthat he cantbuya bikefor his son.She issuch agood teacherthat everybodylikes her.so…that与such...that的用法区别1）在由so…that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词或副词连用其结构是:...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”例The hallis sobig thatit canhold2,000people.He spokeso rapidlythat wecould notclearly understandhim.批注若so后面的形容词后跟单数可数名词，也可用如下结构so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句例This isso wonderfula filmthatIwill neverforget it.2）在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an其结构有以下几种such a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句彳列It wassuch ahot daythat nobodywanted todo anything.This bookis writtenin sucheasy Englishthat beginnerscan understandit.They aresuch fineteachers that we allhold themin greatrespect.3）如果名词前有many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用sucho彳列Soon therewere somany deerthat theyate upall thewild roses.4）so…that和such…that两种结构的互换例It wassuch awonderful filmthat all of uswantedto seeit again.=The filmwas sowonderful thatallofus wantedto seeit again.It issuch animportant matchthat nobody wants to miss it.=The matchissoimportant thatnobodywantstomissit.当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，so...that.・・・可以与be...enough todo转换；当从句为否定句式，可以与・・或be not....enough todo转换，从而使复合句变为简单句例Peter isso tallthat hecan reachthe appleon thebig tree.=Peter istall enoughto reachthe appleon thebig tree.The boyissoyoung that hecantlook after himself.=The boyis tooyoung to look afterhimself.=Theboyis notold enoughtolookafterhimself.目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由so that,in orderthat（为了，以便）引导例如We startedearly so that wecould catchthe firsttrain.He studieshard so thathecould workbetter inthe future.We usedthe computerin orderthatwemight savetime.Speak clearlysothatthey mayunderstand you.（目的状语从句）Jack isbadly illsothathehasto rest.（结果状语从句）让步状语从句1让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导例如:。