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高一英语暑假精品课(人教版必修)20191定语从句基本概念和连接词.基本概念在英语中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句如:1The girlwho isbehind thetree isKate.The man who wasdriving toofast wasdrunk.连接词
2.关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as;关系副词when,where,why.定语从句类型限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句vs不同点.形式上有无逗号限制性定语从句无逗号,非限制性定语从句有逗号
1.意义上限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,非限制性定语从句起补充说2明的作用The governmentwhich promisesto cuttaxes will be popular.(限制性关系从句,指任何一个减税的政府)The government,which promisesto cuttaxes,will bepopular.在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when,或者〃介词during(在……期间)+关系代词which,因此答案为when/during which0史]考点三非限制性定语从句
①(用适当
1.He passedthe collegeentrance examinations,made hisparents veryproud.的词填空)[知识点]定语从句[答案]which[解析]考查定语从句句意他通过了大学入学考试,这让他的父母非常自豪设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,指代的是前文的句子,在从句中作主语,故填whicho
①(用
2.The conference,was reportedin the newspaper,turned out to be a great success.适当的词填空)[知识点]定语从句[答案]as[解析]考查定语从句的关系代词句意正如报纸上所报道的那样,这次会议结果很成功分析句子成分可知,设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词是整个主句The(conference turnedouttobeagreatsuccess.会议结果很成功),从句中缺少主语,且根据句意,该关系代词意为正如,正像,故填as
①(用适当
3.My son,work takeshim allover theworld,is inNew Yorkat themoment.的词填空)[知识点]定语从句[答案whose[解析]考查定语从句句意我儿子此刻正在纽约,他的工作使他周游了全世界分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是my son,指人,关系词在定语从句作名词work的定语,表示所属关系,意为……的,所以空处需用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句故填whoseo考点四”介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
①(用适当的词填空)
1.He wrotemany books,two ofhave beenpublished sofar.[知识点]定语从句[答案]which[解析]考查定语从句句意他写了许多书,其中两本已出版分析可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词代替先行词books在从句中充当介词of的宾语,应用关系代词which故填which
①(用适当的词填
2.His theoryis the basis onmany theoriesabout educationare built.空)[知识点]定语从句[答案]which[解析]考查定语从句句意:他的理论是许多教育理论的基础句中先行词thebasis,在从句中作介词on的宾语,所以用关系代词which引导故填which
①
3.Soon thechildren in the camphad manynew friends,with theyshared(用适当的词填空)food astories.[知识点]定语从句[答案]whom[解析]考查定语从句句意夏令营里的孩子们很快就有了许多新朋友也们一起分享食物和故事分析句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,句中先行词为friends,在非限定性定语从句中作介词with的宾语,应用关系代词whom故填whomo o在21考点五定语从句与其他句型的区别
1.It wasuntil lateafternoon hewas figuringout heconsidered wasawise wayto fightagainst it.A.when;what B.that;that C.that;what D.when;that[知识点]强调句,名词性从句[答案]C[解析]考查强调句和名词性从句句意直到下午晚些时候他才意识到他想到的是解决问题的正确的方法第一空是until用于强调句,构成it isnotuntil-that直到……才,第二空后he thought是主语从句,从句缺少宾语,且意为……的事情”,应用连接代词what引导故选Co
2.You1II findthe housesand circumstancesthere different,but muchofyou findinside willbe familiar.A.what B.which C.that D.these[知识点]名词性从句[答案A[解析]考查宾语从句句意你会发现那里的房子和环境是不同的,但是你会发现里面的许多东西都很熟悉A.what什么;B.which哪个;C.that那个,弓I导从句;D.these这些设空处作介词of的宾语,本句是宾语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,故用what引导,故选A
3.When BeijingOpera masks,people usuallyuse whiteto highlightis badin humannature.A.painted;all B.to paint;all C.being painted;that D.painting;what[知识点]名词性从句,现在分词[答案D[解析]句意在制作京剧脸谱时,人们通常用白色来强调人类本性中的恶第一个空逻辑主语与后一句一致,而且与people是主动形式,故用现在分词形式作状语;后一宾语从句缺少主语,根据句意故填what故选Do o非限制性关系从句,补充说明现任的政府的情况关系代词的用法关系代词语法功能
1.代替先行词1它在定语从句中担任一定的成分;2同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句如3The buildingwhich/that standsby theriver is our school.在本句话中,仙是关系代词,它在从句中代替先行词同时担which at the building,任从句中的主语,也起连词的作用,把两个简单句连接起来关系代词
2.指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作宾语时,可省略lwhoThe manwho I talked withisourteacher.A personwho stealsthings iscalled athief.指代人,在从句中作宾语作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省2whomThe manwhom/who Italked tois Mr.Li.The manto whomItalkedis Mr.Li.是代词的所有格形式,它既可以指代人也可以指代物,在从句中作定语3whose.整合成一句话I sawa woman.Her bagwas stolen一I sawa womanwhose bagwas stolen..(整合成一句话)Please showme thebook.Its cover is red—Please showme thebook whosecoverisred.指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省4whichThese arethe treeswhich wereplanted lastyear.The TVset whichhe boughtyesterday ismade inJapan.Is this the librarywhich you borrow booksfromIs thisthe libraryfrom whichyouborrowbooks多指代物,有时也指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语5thatIve readthenewspaperthatwhichcarries theimportant news.Who isthe personthat isreading thenewspaper overthere作为关系代词的用法6as引导限制性定语从句,常与等连用:as such,same
①…像那样的such…asI amjust sucha littlegirl asyou are.
②…和一样的the same…asShe boughtthe samebike asyou did.*说明引导非限制性定语从句,可置句首、句中、句尾,如:asAs youknow,our bandis verypopular..介词+关系代词3介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用指代物,用指代人which whomThis isthe hero whowe areproud of.=This istheheroof whomwe areproud.The roomthat/which I live inis verybig.=The roomin whichIliveis verybig..只用不用的情况4that,which从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时;1This isthe mostinteresting storythat I haveever heard.The firstmeetingthat we will takepart inwillbeheld inthe afternoon.先行词是等不定代词时;2something,nothing,anythingHere issomething thatI willtell you.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用3that;I canremember wellthe personsand somepictures thatI see.先行词是或用4one of,the one,little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,作修饰时;the same,the lastIsit theone thatyou wantI haventgot muchthatIcan offeryou.宜用不用的情况
5.who,that先行词是时,关系词使用1anyone,someone,those who;Those whowant togo tothe GreatWall signup here.Is thereanyone whowants togo there在句型中,先行词指人,关系词用2there bewho;There isan oldmanwhowants tosee you.There aremany youngmen whoare againsthim.关系副词的用法关系副词的句法功能L引导定语从句的;1⑵在从句中代替先行词;在从句中作状语具体关系副词如下在从句中作地点状语,指代地3where——点在从句中作时间状语,指代时间;在从句中作原因状语,;when why指代原因关系副词的运用
2.整合成一句话,The hotelwasnt clean.We stayed atthehotel.一The hotelwhere we stayed wasnt clean.=The hotelat which westayedwasnt clean.=The hotelwhichwestayedatwasntclean.考点剖析Q lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll考点一常见关系代词的基本用法L-
1.For those
①want tosee thefilm,put downyour names,please.(用适当的词填空)庆口识点]定语从句[答案]who[解析]考查定语从句句意想看这部电影的人,请写下你们的名字分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词those,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语,应使用关系代词,又因先行词是指人,所以应用who引导该定语从句故填who
①
2.The governmenthas carriedout severalnew plans,benefits arevarious andobvious.(用适当的词填空)[知识点]定语从句[答案]whose[解析]考查定语从句句意政府已经实施了几项新计划,其好处是多方面的和明显的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词plans,先行词在从句中作定语,应用whose引导故填whose
①(用
3.She saidshe woulddo anythingcould helpher motherrecover fromthe disease.适当的词填空)[知识点]定语从句[答案]that[解析]考查定语从句句意她说她会做任何能帮助母亲从疾病中恢复的事情分析句子结构可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是不定代词anything,且关系词在从句中作主语,所以应使用关系代词that引导,故填that
①
4.There weremany fansinthesocial mediaexpressed theirsadness over飞(用适当的词填空)Jin Yongdeath.[知识点]定语从句[答案]who[解析]考查定语从句关系词句意社交媒体上有很多粉丝对金庸的死表示悲伤分析句子结构可知,设空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词fans是there be句型的主语,指人,在从句中作主语,常用关系代词who引导该从句故填who
①(用适当的词填空)
5.Thisisthe mostinteresting bookI haveread.庆口识点]定语从句[答案]that[解析]考查定语从句句意这是我读过的最有趣的书分子句子结构,
①I haveread.是一^定语从句,修饰先行词the mostinteresting book,关系词在定语从句中作宾语,指物,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,所以只能用关系代词that引导故填that色考点二关系副词引导的定语从句
1.There wasa timein England@people couldnot putup witheach othersideas.[知识点]固定句型[答案]when[解析]考查固定句型句意在英国,曾经有一段时间人们无法忍受彼此的想法这里使用了固定(句型There wasa timewhen曾经有一段时间……),故填wheno
①(用适当的词填空)
2.Life islike arace weall competewith ourselvesagainst time.[知识点]定语从句[答案]where[解析]考查定语从句句意生活就像是一场赛跑,在这次竞赛中我们都在与我们自己比赛此句是定语从句修饰先行词race,在从句中作地点状语,因此使用关系词where引导定语从句故填where
①(用
3.Next month,we willspend ourwinter holidaysin our hometown,is approaching.适当的词填空)[知识点]定语从句[答案]when/during which[解析]考查关系副词或介词+关系代词引导定语从句句意:下个月,我们就要在家乡过寒假了分析句子结构可知,wewillspend ourwinterholidays inourhometown是非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词next month,。
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