英语被动语态的用法及易错点归纳+练习题

英语被动语态的用法及易错点归纳+练习题

一、主动语态和被动语态的概念1He openedthe door.他开了门以上例句是一个主动句，主语是动作的执行者/发出者2The doorwas openedby him,门被开了第二个例句是一个被动句，主语是动作的承受者汉语中表示被动的词被…/由…/受…/给…英语中表被动用be+过去分词构成

二、被动语态的结构及用法1被动语态的几种句型肯定句主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+byeg:My phonewas madein China.否定句主语+be not+过去分词+byeg:My phonewasn,t madein China.一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词+by eg:Was your phone madein China特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词+by eg:Where wasyourphonemade2不同时态中的被动语态3被动语态的用法当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语The frontwindow in the classroomwas brokenyesterday.昨天，教室的前窗被打破了不知谁打破的They havebeen poorlypaid.他们的工资太低没必要指出工资是谁付的突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语These booksare writtenespecially forchildren.这些书是专门为孩子们写的强调的是“这些书”

三、主动语态变被动语态1一般情况下主动语态变被动语态主动句He closedthe door.变被动句The doorwas closedby him.口诀宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done,时不变，数格必须随被变2主动语态中若有双宾语Vivian gaveme abook.双宾语me是间宾，book是直宾-I was given abook by Vivian.间接宾语提前-A bookwasgivento mebyVivian.直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词动词make/buy/get用for;动词give/send/lend/take用to3“感使动词”feel,hear,listen to,let,have,make,see,watch,notice,look at真奇怪，主动结构“to”走开，被动结构又请来，十个动词要记牢，不会被它再难倒We sawhim play football on the playground.我们看见他在操场上打篮球变被动He wasseen toplayfootballontheplayground.他被我们看到在操场上打篮球

四、主动形式表被动意义1系动词没有被动语态,如feel,sound,taste,look,become,fall,get,grow,keep,remain,seem,smell,stay,turn等等Your ideasounds good.你的注意听起来蛮好的You lookbeautiful.你看起来美美的2在need,require,want,be worth,deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义The TVneeds repairing.电视需要修理=The TVneeds to be repaired.3）一般说来，不及物动词或不及物动词短语不能使用被动语态，常见的有appear,die,disappear,end（vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,sit,spread,stand,break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silence,lose heart,take place,occur等A caraccident happenedinthestreet.一场车祸发生在街上Great changeshave takenplace inmy hometown.我的故乡发生了巨变4）在某些形容词后面，当不定式表达的情况与它前面的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表示被动意义She hasan importantmeeting toattend.她有一个重要的会议要参加

五、易错点总结（常考点）1）在时间、条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时的被动语态表示将来时的被动语态If1am givenenough time,I willdo itbetter.给我足够的时间，我会做得更好2）固定结构中的介词或副词在被动结构中不可省去Such abad habitshould begot ridof.这样的坏习惯应该改掉（of不可以省去的）3）有些动词如write,read,sell,wash,open等当强调动作执行情况时,有被动语态；当用作不及物动词来说明主语本身所具有的特征时,无被动语态The computerswere soldout,because theysell well.电脑被卖光了，因为它们卖得好The clothwashes easily.这布很好洗4）在“too…to…”结构和形容词enough todo结构中，通常用主动形式表示被动意义The problemis toodifficult towork out.5）常见的被动语态的句型搭配据说It is said that…据报导..It isreported that...据推测・・・.,It issupposed that...希望・・・・It ishoped that...众所周知It iswell knownthat...普遍认为・・・..It isgenerally consideredthat...有人建议……It issuggested that【专项训练】

1.A redsky inthe morningtobea signof badweather.A.says B.is sayingC.issaidD.is beingsaid

2.The bookfor anyonewho wantsto learnmore aboutthe Internet.A.is intendedB.has intendedC.is intendingD.will intend

3.Blood isthe mediumin whichoxygen toall partsof thebody.A.is carriedB.has carriedC.is carryingD.will carry

4.If thepackage well,we assumethe contentsare alsowonderful.A.is wrappedB.has wrappedC.is wrappingD.will wrap

5.Both hydrogenand oxygenare elements,but water,which whenthey combine,is not.A.is formedB.has formedC.is formingD.will form

6.The swimmerhung onto therope andto safety.A.is pulledB.has pulledC.was pulledD.was pulling

7.Einstein theNobel Prizefor hiscontribution toQuantum Theory.A.is awardedB.has awardedC.was awardedD.was awarding

8.They oughtto havearrived atlunchtime butthe flight.A.is delayedB.has delayedC.was delayedD.was delaying

9.The crunchcame whenshe tochoose betweenher marriageand hercareer.A.is forcedB.has forcedC.was forcedD.was forcing

10.I towait fourhours beforeI wasexamined bya doctor.A.made B.has madeC.was madeD.was making。