非谓语动词作状语知识点讲义高考英语复习

非谓语动词作状语不定式分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，不定式表示目的，动名词表示主动，过去分词表示被动

（一）不定式作状语不定式作目的状语

1.可以放在句首，也可以放在句中；只能放于句中，和In orderto so as toin orderto soas to放于句中时，不能用逗号隔开To catchthe earlybus/In orderto catchthe earlybus,he getsup early.=He getsup earlyto catchthe earlybus.Bob tookdown mytelephone numbersoas/in ordernot toforget it.=In ordernot toforget it,Bob tookdown mytelephone number.不定式作结果状语

2.不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中so+adj+as to do sth;such+n+as todo sth;...enough todo表示不定式出乎意料的结果sth;too....to;Only todo sthImnot sostupid asto writeit down.=Fm notsuch afool asto writeit down.He isclever enoughto befit forthe job.Jane arrivedat thestation onlyto betold thetrain had[one.•（动名词表示自然而然的结果）He died,leaving onlydebtsIm tootired tostay uplonger.注意only too...to结构中，并非是“太・・・.而不能..「之意，而表示“非常・.」这样搭配的形容词有等pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy考试及格了，我非常高兴Im onlytoo gladto havepassed theexam.Im toowilling tohelp you.不定式作原因状语

3.当这些形容词light,heavy,hard/difficult,easy,comfortable,pleasant,dangerous impossible,等出现时要用主动表被动interesting niceThisquestion iseasy toanswer.This bookis difficultto understand.（-）分词做状语分词作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等，为了强调，可以与等连词连用while,when,once,if,unless表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系XnotV+ing表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系V+ed表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前Vnot havingdone表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系；动作发生在谓语动作之前^nothaving beendone

1.Whenoffer help,one oftensays“Thank youor Itskind ofyou.

4.Separate fromother continentsfbr millionsof years,Australia hasmany plantsand animalsnotfound inany othercountry in the world.

5.Generally speaking,iftake accordingto thedirections,the drughas noside effect.

6.He glancedat her,note thatthough shewas tiny,she seemedvery well.

7.The teachercame intothe lab,follow bysome students.

8.tell manytimes,he stillrepeated thesame mistake.

9.Notreceive herletter,he wroteagain.参考答案

1.offered

2.Separated

3.taken

4.noting

5.followed

6.Having beentold

7.having received三独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分常见的有一般来说严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲generally speakingstrictly/honestly/frankly speaking考虑至根据…•判断considering/given/taking...into consideration!j judgingfrom/by compared与…•相比假设with/to provided/providing/suppose/supposing/assuming to be frank/to tellyou坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说更为糟the truth/tobehonest Tomake things/the matterworse糕的是鉴于seeing thatConsideringhis age,he isquite tall.Judging fromhis look,he didntagree withyou atall.I lostmy wayin completedarkness and,to makethings worse,it beganto rain.To tellyou thetruth,I ama littletired.练习

1.sleep lateinthemorning,he turnedoff thealarm oclock.

2.see fromthe hill,the parklooks verybeautiful.

3.see thesunset fromthe hill,he feltrelaxed.

4.clean thedesks,we beganreading.

5.surround fora month,the enemyhad togive in.

6.lose inthe woods,he finallysaved bythe police.

7.All theafternoon heworked with the doorlock.

8.With wintercomeon,its timeto buywarm clothes.

9.1can*t goout with all thesedisheswash.

10.Anderson waslying on the bedwiththewindowopen.1l.He stoodthere with his eyesfixonthewall.

12.He feltrelaxed,withhisworkdo.

13.He feltanxious,withalot ofworkdo参考答案1to sleep;2seen;3seeing;4Having cleaned;5having beensurrounded;6lost7locked8coming9to wash10open

11.fixed12done13todo。