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选择性必修第三册UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION课时作业（本栏目对应课时作业P533）.阅读理解IA（山东省日照市届高三下学期月一模考试）20223Despite Kyle Tianshi beingonly a15-year-old UShigh schooler,he haspublished fivesci-fi novels.His fifthbook Eventidewas releasedinJuly.However,this maynot behis mostimpressive achievementas Kylejust received the“Hero Award”,a$20,000grand prize.It isthe tophonor in the CaliforniaYouth SustainabilityAwards.The competitionaims toencourage andsupport youngcommunity leaderswho aremakinga differencefor sustainabilityin theircommunities bytaking actionfor theplanet.Kyle,a sophomorefrom theCambridge Schoolin theUS,receivedthehonor for his portable（微观粒子）invention calledNEREID.The devicecan detectmicroscopic particlesin waterbyusing a laser andmicroscope.These particlescan beharmful to people andthe environment.Kyle cameup withthe ideafor theinvention basedon hisexperience growingup inSanDiego,California,US.People hadno accessto unpolluteddrinking waterand hisparents askedhimnot todrink tapwater.Kyle spentabout$60buying thetools neededto analyzethe tapwater:alaser,a microscopeand amicro-computer.uIfs incrediblypowerful for the price,”Kylesaid.Then heused theirfamilys garageas hislaboratory,doing researchon thepollution ofdrinking water caused by micro-plastics.Kyle hopes to bringto marketa low-cost alternativetool fordetecting micro-plastic pollutionlevelsin drinkingwater.In thisway,he canoffer helptopeoplewho donhave accessto water（过滤）filtration systems.He hasapplied fora patent.Kyle saidhis sisterEmily,a freshmanat StanfordUniversity,inspired hisinterest inenvironmentalresearch.She wasrecognized nationallyfor developinga watercollection device.They havefounded theClearwater Innovationprogram toadvocate forclean waterthroughsocial mediaplatforms andorganize communitycleanup events.l.What dowe know about KyleA.He isgood atadapting sci-fi works.B.He enteredmany novelcontests.C.He receivedan awardforhisinvention.D.Hes foundmicroscopic particlesin water.
2.What ledto Kylescreation of NEREID A.Peopled lackof cleandrinkingwater.B.Peoples poorliving conditions.C.His desireto bea communityleader.D.His familysencouragement.
3.Which of the followingbestdescribes KyleA.Considerate andbrave.B.Optimistic andhonest.C.Determined andhumorous.D.Responsible andcreative.
4.Whafs thetext mainlyaboutA.The introductionofNEREID.B.A boyscontribution toliterature.C.The harmof pollutedwater.D.A USschoolers watersolution.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了岁的发明了检测水中有害15KyleTianshi的微观粒子的设备,获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉细节理解题根据第二段第一句可知,因他的发明而获奖
1.C Kyle细节理解题根据第三段中的内容可知,发明是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水
2.A KyleNEREID推理判断题根据最后两段的内容可知,发明使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，
3.D KyleNEREID,并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境,因此他有责任心且有创意主旨大意题通读全文可知，文章主要讲述发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子
4.D KyleTianshi的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还和一起创立了清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，Emily故项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意DB（河北省衡水市届高三下学期二模考试）2022Many animalsdepend uponsound tofindfood,detect enemiesand communicatewith oneanother.These speciesunderstandably sufferwhenloud motorwayscut throughtheir habitats.Some dealwith bysinging moreloudly,somechange thetiming of their callsto occurwhen fewerpeople aredriving,others justmove toquieterplaces.All ofthese actionscome withsignificant costsattached andscientists havelong documentedtheecological damagecausedby noise pollution.It hasalways beenassumed,however,that noiseisa problem unique to animals.But anew studyby AliAkbar Ghotbi-Ravandi,a botanistatShahid Beheshti University in Tehran,has showedthat plantssuffer too.That plantscan behampered indirectlyby noise pollution hasnever beenin doubt.Since（传粉者）most floweringspecies dependupon pollinatorsand mostfruit-bearing speciesneedanimals to spread theirseeds,it isobvious thatif these animal partnersare harmedby noisethentheir botanicalcounterparts willdo badly,too.What hasremained unknownis whetheror notplantsthemselves suffer directly from noisepollution.Sounds arepressure wavestransmitted throughgases,liquids andsolids.Scientists havepreviouslyassumed that plants may be able to sensethese wavesas theyare struckby them.A（超number ofexperiments haveconfirmed thisin recentyears—plants bombedwith ultrasound声波）in thelab haveshown arange ofbad responsesincluding theexpression ofstress-relatedgenes,slow growthand reducedproduction ofseeds.Yet bombingplants withultrasound isnot thesame asgrowing themin thepresence ofactualtraffic noise.To thisend,Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandi decidedto setup anexperiment to studyprecisely thisquestion.
5.Whafs thepurpose ofthe firstparagraphA.To introducethe topic.B.To drawreaders9interest.C.To stressthe damageof noise.D.To statesounds effecton animals.
6.What doesthe underlinedword“hampered in Paragraph3meanA.Killed.B.Harmed.C.Attracted.D.Frightened.
7.What isstill unknownto scientistsA.How some animals respondto noise.B.That noiseisnt aproblemuniquetoanimals.C.Whether plantssufferdirectlyfromnoisepollution.D.That mostplants dependon animalstospreadseeds.
8.What willprobably betalked aboutin thefollowing paragraphA.Ways tosolve theproblems oftraffic noise.B.Differences betweenultrasound andtraffic noise.C.Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandi^achievements on plants study.D.The experimentabout theinfluence oftraffic noiseonplants.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文研究发现植物害怕噪音推理判断题全文主要讲述植物也害怕噪音第一段讲动物受噪音干扰及其应对措施,是为
5.A了引出本文的话题——植物也害怕噪音词义猜测题根据上文
6.B“But anew studyby AliAkbar Ghotbi-Ravandi,a botanistat Shahid和下文BeheshtiUniversityinTehran,has showedthatplantssuffer too.theseanimalpartners的提示可知，画线词的含义是“损害”are harmedbynoise”细节理解题根据第三段最后一句可知，目前尚不清楚的是，植物本身是否直接受到噪音
7.C污染的影响推理判断题最后一段提到
8.D“To thisend,Dr.Ghotbi-Ravandi decidedto setup anexperiment可推断，接下来要讲的是关于交通噪音对植物影响的实验tostudyprecisely thisquestion.”C（届辽宁省辽南协作体高三第二次模拟考试）2022A DukeUniversity-led studyfinds thatbottlenose dolphins burncalories ata lowerrate as they getolder,just likehumans do.Its the（新陈代谢的）first timethat scientistshave measuredan age-related metabolicslowdown inanotherlarge-bodied speciesbesides humans,said thefirst authorRebecca Rimbach.Rimbach hasstudied energyconsumption in animals rangingfrom miceto monkeys.Butdata onthe innerworkings ofsea animalssuch asdolphins andwhales havebeen scant,she says.Thats becausethese oceananimals aredifficult tocatch forrepeated measurement.It canbevery trickyto getthe animalback whenyou needit,“Rimbach said.The researchersstudied10bottlenosedolphins aged10to45living attwo seaanimal centers.To measuretheir averagedaily metabolicrates,the researchersused the“doubly labeledwatermethod”.It involvedgetting the dolphins todrink afew poundsof waterwith“heavy“forms ofhydrogen and oxygenput in,and thenfollowing howlong theytook toforce themout.Carers（原子）collected thedolphins bloodand analyzedthe levelsof heavyhydrogenandoxygen atomsinit.Thus,the teamwas able to counthow muchcarbon dioxidethedolphinsproduced each day,and thenhow manycalories theywere burningastheywent about their lives.The scientistsfound theoldest dolphinsinthestudy,both intheir40s,used22%to49%fewer calorieseachdaythan expectedfor theirbody weight.And similarto humans,more ofthosecalories endedup asfat ratherthan muscle.Dolphins intheir40s hadbody fatpercentages thatwere
2.5times higherthan theunder-20dolphins
9.It wasntfor lackof exerciseand itwasntbecause theyreeating toomuch,Rimbach said.It wasrelated tometabolic aging.The researcherssaid suchwork coulduncover factorsbesides dietand lifestylethat causedage-related weightgain inpeople.Further studiesinto thiscommonality weshare withdolphinsmay helpus understandwhy ourmetabolism slowsas weage Jsaid co-author HannahSalomons.
9.What doesthe underlinedword scantinParagraph2probably meanA.Detailed.B.Strange.C.Rare.D.Different.
10.Why didthe carerscollect dolphins9blood duringthe researchA.To betterknowabouttheir oxygendemand.B.To figureouttheamount ofburnt calories.C.To analyzethe maincontent ofthe blood.D.To checkthe healthcondition ofdolphins.
11.What isthe reasonfortheelderly dolphins9higher percentagesof bodyfatA.Their unhealthylifestyles.B.Their shortageof exercise.C.Their weakenedmetabolism.D.Their preferencefor fatfood.
12.What canwe concludeaccording tothe textA.Burning caloriesneeds morefat asdolphinsage.
8.Exercise canspeed upsomeanimals9metabolism.C.Dolphins mealtiming mayinfluence weightloss.D.Dolphins metabolismtends toslow downwith age.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文研究发现，随着年龄的增长，宽吻海豚的新陈代谢速度会降低词义猜测题根据第二段可知，因为海洋生物很难反复捕捉测量数据，所以关于海洋生物
9.C的研究很少由此推知,意为“少的”scant细节理解题根据第三段的内容可知，收集海豚的血液是为了计算卡路里的消耗量
10.B
11.C推理判断题根据第四段可知,成年海豚的体脂高是因为他们的新陈代谢减弱推理判断题本文主要讲宽吻海豚随着年龄的增长新陈代谢的速度会降低.七选五阅
12.D n读Earning an MBA Abroad（•福建省龙岩市高中毕业班第一次教学质量检测）2022Anyone whohopestolead aFortune500Firm somedayshould realizethat ahigh-profile leadershiprole willprobably requireextensivetravel andteamwork withcolleagues from all overthe world.Any ambitious（）businessperson maywish toconsider attendinga businessschool B-school wherehe orshe isneithera citizennor apermanent resident.When decidingwhether togo toa businessgraduateprogram ina foreign country,do a cost-benefit analysis.]Selling Points and DisadvantagesEarningan MBAor anothertype ofgraduate businessdegree ina foreigncountry bearsvaluableadvantages.One bigadvantage isthat youwill beabletolearn aboutnew cultures.2Italso allowsyou toexperience differentworking stylesand howcertain companiesoperate,whichcan bebeneficial forfuture employerswho wantemployees withglobal experience.3International flightsto andfrom aforeign schoolmay beexpensive.You mayfind it（签证）harder thanthey expectedto getvisas orwork permitsfor yourschooling abroad,whichmeans youmight haveto leavethe countryabruptly whenyou graduatewithout muchtime fortransmission.You mayalso beconcerned aboutcultural differencesin learningstyles,studyhabits,and academicstrictness.Other Factorsto ConsiderWhen comparing MBA programs in different countries,keep severalregional distinctions inmind.The standardin somecountries isfor MBAdegrees to be completedwithin asingle year.4The priceof B-school in some areastends tobe moreexpensive andstarting salariesamong recentMBAgraduates tendtobeespecially highwithin certaincountries.No matterwhere inthe worldyoud preferto pursuean MBA,its wiseto investigateyourtarget B-schooPs courseofferings toassess whetherthe lessonstaught atthat schoolseeminteresting andrelevant toyou.5In otherwords,think overthe locationwhere youintend tospendthe majorityof yourcareer.A.This willhelp infuture workopportunities.B.Another considerationis yourHnal destination.C.In otherplaces thetypical time-to-degree istwo years.D.Admission oddsmay varydepending onthe locationoftheprograms.E.Unfortunately,there aresome downsidesto pursuingan MBAoverseas.F.How employersrecognize thevalues ofanMBAinfluences jobopportunities.G.Here isan outlineofthepluses andminuses associatedwith goingabroad forB-school.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在决定是否去国外读商科课程时，如何做成本效益分析上文
1.G“When decidingwhether togo toa businessgraduate programinaforeigncountry,do指出去国外读商科研究生课程前需要做成本效益分析,项“以下是出acost-benefit analysis.”G国读商学院的优缺点概述”将内容具体化，承接上文，引出下文“cost.benefit analysis”“Selling并对去国外读商科研究生课程优缺点的分析，承上启下PointsandDisadvantages”根据下文中可知，上文也是介绍出国读商学院的优点,项“这将有助于未来的工作机
2.A alsoA会和上文一起说明了One bigadvantage isthat youwill beabletolearn aboutnew cultures.”出国读商学院的另一个优势:让你能了解新的文化，这有助于增加未来的工作机会，符合语境上一段介绍了出国读商学院的两个优势，结合下文
3.E“International flightsto andfroma（签证）foreign schoolmaybeexpensive.You mayfind itharder thanthey expectedto getvisas or”可知，本段分析了出国读商学院可能面临的问题，work permitsfor yourschooling abroad…所以项“不幸的是，在海外攻读工商管理学硕士也有一些缺点”是本段中心句，且与上一段E内容相照应上文
4.C“The standardinsomecountries isfor MBAdegrees tobe completedwithin asingle.”和项“在其他地方，攻读学位的时间通常是两年”介绍了不同国家或地区不同的学制year C设置，是对中心句“WhencomparingMBAprogramsindifferentcountries,keep severalregional的举例说明，符合语境distinctionsinmind.”下文中提到要考虑自己计划中未来的工作地点，根据句中可知,是对上文
5.B“In otherwords”的句意的另一种表述,项“另一个考虑因素是你的最终目的地”表达了同样的意思B。
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