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中考英语句子成分知识讲与练
一、主语、谓语【练习】说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分
1.
①Class
②begins ateight.
2.
①The teachers
②are havinga meeting.
3.At fiveoclock,
①they
②left.
4.
①Put upyour handif you
②have anyquestions.
5.
①Smoking
②docs harmto yourhealth.
6.There
①is
②e penon thedesk.
7.
①Who
②teaches youmaths,Xiao Hua
8.
①This story
②happened inLondon.
9.
①The rich
②should helpthe poor.【答案】
1.
①主语
②谓语
5.
①主语
②谓语
9.
①主语
②谓语
2.
①主语
②谓语
6.
①谓语
②主语
10.
①主语
②谓语
②谓语
7.
①主语
②谓语
3.
①主语
②谓语
8.
①主语
②谓语
4.
①谓语【讲解】
10.This weekend,
①some ofus
②are going to havea picnicwith theteachers.组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语其中主语和谓语是句子的主体11主语Subject主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者主语通常由名词、代词等充当主语有时是动作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态［例］The studentsare listening to mecarefully.学生们在认真听我讲课They wantto learnEnglish well.他们想学好英语12谓语Predicate谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作1简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气［例］He practisesrunning everymorning.他每天早上练习跑步Dont playin thestreet.不要在街上玩He isdoing hishomework now.他现在正在做家庭作业⑵复合谓语
①由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带to的动词不定式构成［例］You maykeep thebook for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周He hadto stoyat home.他不得不待在家里
②由系动词加表语构成［例］We arestudents,我们是学生［练为指出下列句子中的主语和谓语（画线部分）
1.
①He
②has becomemore andmore interested in English.
2.
①The1iving
②should goon withhis work.
3.
①He
②practises speakingEnglish everymorning.
4.
①The child
②has beenbrought upby hisgrandmother.
5.
①To see
②iy tobelieve.
6.
①It
②is necessary
③to helphim out.
7.
①He
②looked afterthe childrencarefully.
8.
①Four plusfour
②is eight.
9.
①He
②can speak English verywell.
10.
①Playing footballin thestreet
②is dangerous.【答案】
1.
①主语
②谓语
5.
①主语
②谓语
8.
①主语
②谓语
②谓语
6.
①形式主语
②谓语
③真正主
2.
①主语
9.
①主语
②谓语
②谓语语
3.
①主语
10.
①主语
②谓语
②谓语
7.
①主语
②谓语
4.
①主语【练习】汉译英
1.他昨天下午到达海南
2.我们经常在课堂上说英语
3.掌握一门外语是有必要的
4.张教授是著名的科学家
5.我们打算今晚去拜访他【答案】
1.Yesterday afternoon he reachedHa inan.
2.We oftenspeakEngI i sh in cIass.
3.11i snecessary tomaster afore ign Ianguage.
4.Professor Zhangi sa famoussc ient i st.
5.We arego i ngtocaI Ionh i mton ight.
二、宾语、【练习】说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分
1.They visitedan exhibitionyesterday.
2.The heavyrain preventedTme from
②arriving atschool ontime.
3.How many
①dietionaries doyou haveI have2five.
4.I enjoylisteningtopop music.
5.She looksunhappy today.
6.He oftenwent hungryin thepast.
7.His jobis toteach English.
8.Time isTup.The classis2over.
9.He remainedin poorhealth al1those years.
10.These applestaste sweet.【答案】
1.宾语
5.表语
9.表语
2.
①宾语
②宾语
6.表语
10.表语
3.
①宾语
②宾语
7.表语
4.宾语
8.
①表语
②表语【讲解】
1.宾语Object宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词短语或介词后面［例］He isgoing tobuy adictionary.动词的宾语他打算买本词典We shouldlearn fromhim.我们应向他学习介词的彘宾语种类:1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物［例］Lend meyourdictionary,please.请把你的词典借给我用一用2复合宾语宾语+宾补［例］He askedmeto come.他请我来的
2.表语Predicative表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态，它一般位于系动词如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等之后表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、动词的ing形式、不定式、介词短语、副词及从句充当［例］Is ityours那是你的吗The booksare interesting.这些书很有趣I wasntat homelast night.昨晚我没在家The weatherhas turnedcold.天气已变冷【练习】指出下列句子中的宾语和表语画线部分
1.His jobis totrain swimmers.
2.He seemsinterestedin the plan.
3.He handed
①me
②the newspaper.
4.The warwas over.
5.The windowis broken.【答案】
1.表语
3.
①间接宾语
②直接宾语
5.表语
2.表语
4.表语【练习】汉译英
1.我的爱好是画画
2.他好像知道真相
3.他不喜欢这项工作
4.我给你买了一些巧克力
5.这工厂60%的工人是年轻人【答案】
1.My hobbyispainting.
2.He seemsto knowthe truth.
3.He doesntIi kethe job.
4.I havebought yousome chocoIate.
5.60%of theworkers inth isfactory areyoung.
三、定语、状语、补语【练习】说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分
1.China is a
①developing country,while Americaisa
②developed country.
2.He isreading anarticle abouthow toleaan English.
3.The boy
①who isshouting thereis2her brother.
4.Light travelsmost quickly.
5.He haslived inthe city50r tenyears.
6.He goes to schoolby bus.
8.Dont leavethe windowopen.
9.I heardhim goout.
10.His fathernamed himDong Ming.【答案】
1.
①定语
②定语
5.状语
9.宾补
2.定语
6.状语
10.宾补
②定语
3.
①定语
7.
①状语
②状语
4.状语
8.宾补
7.
①In orderto catchup withthe others,I mustwork Dharder.【讲解】
8.定语Attribute定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词语、、介词短动词不定式、分词短语或句子充当［例］city.Dalian isa beautiful大连是一个美丽的城市is diligent.The girlwith glasses戴眼镜的女孩很勤奋is ourteacher.The manstanding thane站在那里的那人是我们的老师Is thereany differencebetween spokenEnglish andwritten English英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？I havea lotof homeworkto do.我有许多作业要做
9.状语Adverbial:状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等，一般由副词、介词短语、动词不定式，动词的ing形式或从句充当［例］Im verypleased tosee you.见到你我非常高兴r11be backin awhile.我一会儿就回来We gohome twicea month.我们每月回家两汨Being fnt,he cantwalk long.因为身体很胖，他走不了多远He workshard everyday topass theexam.为了通过考试，他天天刻苦学习10宾语补足语Object Complement用来对宾语作补充说明，可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词或介词短语等充当［例］They paintedtheir boatwhite.他们把船涂成白色Let thefresh airin.让新鲜空气进来一You mustn5t forcehim tolend hismoney toyou.你绝不可强迫他借钱给你We sawher enteringthe room.我们见她进入房间We foundeverything inthe labin goodorder.我们发现实验室里的东西都井然有序I【练习】指出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分
1.He isa lovelyboy.
2.There are
①many womenteachers in
②our school.
3.
①Our monitoris alwaysthe first
②to enterthe classroom.
4.He isplaying
①there
②happily.
5.I shal1go
①there
②if itdoesnt rain.
6.The storyhappened inBeijieg.
7.He wasso tiredthat hqfell asleepimmediately.
8.His cominglate madehis teacherunhappy.
9.Please keepthe dogout.
10.When hewoke up,he foundhimself underthe bed.【答案】
1.定语
5.
①状语
②状语
9.宾补
2.
①定语
②定语
6.状语
10.宾补
3.
①定语
②定语
7.状语
4.
①状语
②状语
8.宾补【练习】汉译英L我父母都是教师
2.你为什么不买那个红色的呢？
3.我两周没回家了
4.放学后，他发现他妈妈在校门口等着他
5.小明通常步行去上学【答案】
1.My parentsare bothteachers.
2.Why dontyou buythe redone
3.I haventbeen homefortwoweeks.
4.After schooI,he foundhis motherwaiting forhim atthe schooIgate.
5.X iao MingusuaI IygoestoschooI onfoot.。
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