建筑常用英文词汇

建筑常用英文词汇设计依据a.design basis计戈建议书U planningproposals设计任务书design order标准规范standards andcodes条件图information drawing设计基础资料basic datafor design工艺流程图process flowchart工程地质资料engineering geologicaldata原始资料original data设计进度schedule ofdesign设计阶段b.stage ofdesign方案scheme,draft草图忙ske h会谈纪要summary ofdiscussion谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design集水口gulley排水沟drainage trench沟盖板trench cover活动盖板removable coverplate集水坑sump pit孑翻边L holeup stand电缆沟cable trench玻璃、窗h.doors glasswindowsironmongeryhardware n35及五金件木车冈门wooden steeldoor镶板门panelled door夹板门plywood door铝合金门aluminum alloydoor卷帘门roller shutterdoor弹簧门swing door推拉门sliding door平开门side-hung door折叠门folding door旋转门revolving door玻璃门glazed door密闭门air-tight door保温门thermal insulatingdoor镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire meshdoor防火门fire door（大门上的）小门wicket门框door frame门扇door leaf门洞door opening结构开洞structural opening单扇门single door双扇门double door疏散门emergency door纱门screen door门槛door sill门过梁door lintel上冒头top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木stile门橙侧料side jumb槽口notch木窗wooden window专冈窗steel window铝合金窗aluminum alloywindow百叶窗通风为主sun-bind,louver louver,shutter,blind塑车冈窗plastic steelwindow空腹钢窗hollow steelwindow固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗transom上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗center-pivoted window下悬窗hopper window活动百叶窗adjustable louver天窗skylight老虎窗dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed doubleglazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concretelintel钢筋砖过梁reinforced bricklintel窗扇casement sash窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒curtain box合页钱链hinge butts转轴pivot长脚较链parliament hinge闭门器door closer地弹簧floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销insert bolt电动开关器electric opener平板玻璃plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃磨砂玻璃ground glassfrosted glass防弹玻璃bullet-proof glass石英玻璃quartz glass吸热玻璃heat absorbingglass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic glass楼梯、休息平台及电梯i.staircase,landinglift elevator楼梯stair楼梯间staircase疏散梯emergency stair旋转梯spiral staircircular stair吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder踏步step扇形踏步winder wheelstep踏步板tread档步板riser踏步宽度tread width防滑条non-slip insertstrips栏杆railing balustrade平台栏杆platform railing吊装孑栏杆L railingaround mountinghole扶手handrail梯段高度height offlight防护梯笼protecting cagesafety cage平台landing platform操作平台operating platform装平台Ml platformfor loadingunloading楼梯平台stair landing客梯passenger lift货梯goods lift客/货两用梯goods/passenger lift液压电梯hydraulic lift自动扶梯escalator观光电梯observation elevator电梯机房lift mortarroom电梯坑lift pit电梯井道lift shaft建筑材料词汇及短语j.building materialwords andphrases砖和瓦bricks andtiles红石专red brick粘土石专clay brick瓷砖glazed brickceramic tile防火砖fire brick空心砖hollow brick面石专facing brick地板甚flooring tile缸砖clinkery brick马赛克mosaic陶粒混凝土ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦glazed tile脊瓦ridge tile石棉瓦asbestos tileshingle波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestoscement sheet灰、砂和石lime,sand andstone石膏gypsum大理石marble汉白玉white marble花岗岩granite碎石crushed stone毛石rubble蛭石vermiculite珍珠岩pearlite水磨石terrazzo卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂course sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sand水泥、砂浆和混凝土cement,mortar andconcrete波特兰水泥（普通硅酸盐水泥）portland cement硅酸盐水泥silicate cement火山灰水泥pozzolana cement白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆（混合砂浆）cement-lime mortar保温砂浆thermal mortar防水砂浆water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆bituminous mortar氏筋灰Z paperstrip mixedlime mortar麻刀灰hemp cutlime mortar灰缝mortar joint素混凝土plain concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete轻质混凝土lightweight concrete名田石昆凝土7fine aggregateconcrete沥青昆凝土7asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土foamed concrete炉渣混凝土cinder concrete饰面及粉刷材料facing andplastering materials水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底hemp cutsand limeas base喷大白浆两道sprayed twicewith whitewash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortarplaster sectioned板条抹灰lath andplaster沥青和石棉asphaltbitumen andasbestos沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumenprimer沥青玛啼脂asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维asbestos fiber木材timber裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材plank木条batten板条lath木板board红松red pine白松white pine落叶松deciduous pine基秘设计B basicdesign详细设计detail design询价图enquiry drawing施工图working drawing,construction drawing竣工图as builtdrawing气象条件c.climate condition日照sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向prevailing winddirection最大平均风速maximum meanwind velocity风荷载wind load最大平均降雨量maximum meanrainfall雷击及闪电thunder andlightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量annual rainfall湿球温度wet bulbtemperature干球温度dry bulbtemperature云杉spruce柏木cypress白杨white poplar桦木birch冷杉fir栋木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木teak樟木camphor wood防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber胶合板plywood⑸三

（五）合板3-plywood企口板tongued andgrooved board层夹板laminated plank胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber纤维板fiber-board竹子bamboo金属材料metallic materials黑色金属ferrous metal圆钢steelbbar方钢square steel扁钢steel strapjlatsteel型钢steel sectionshape槽钢channel角车冈angle steel等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角车冈unequal-leg angle工字钢i-beam宽翼缘工字钢wide flangei-beam之字钢Tt-bar z-bar冷弯薄壁型钢light gaugecold-formed steelshape热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel竹节专冈筋corrugated steelbar变形钢筋deformed bar光圆钢筋plain roundbar钢板steel plate薄钢板thin steel plate彳氐碳车冈low carbonsteel冷弯cold bending钢管steel pipetube无缝电冈管seamless steelpipe焊接车冈管welded steelpipe黑铁管iron pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steelpipe铸铁cast iron生铁pig iron熟铁wrought iron镀锌铁皮galvanized steelsheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steelwire钢丝网steelwiremesh多孔金属网expanded metal锦钢managanese steel高强度合金钢high strengthalloy steel有色金属non-ferrous metal金gold白金platinum铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze银silver铝aluminum铅lead防腐蚀材料anti-corrosion materials聚乙烯polythene,polyethylene尼龙nylon聚氯乙烯pvc polyvinylchloride聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯acrylic resin乙烯基酯vinyl ester橡胶内衬rubber lining氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆bitumen paint环氧树脂漆epoxy resinpaint氧化锌底漆zinc oxideprimer防锈漆anti-rust paint耐酸漆acid-resistant paint耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint水玻璃sodium silicate树月旨砂浆resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂epoxy resin建筑五金building hardware钉子nails螺纹屋面车丁spiral-threaded roofingnail环纹石膏板专丁annular-ring gypsum board nail螺丝screws平头螺丝flat-head screw螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercial bolt高强螺栓high strengthbolt预埋螺栓insert bolt胀锚螺栓cinch bolt垫片washer油漆paint底漆primer防锈底漆rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆enamel paint干性油drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油tung oil,Chinese woodoil红丹red lead铅油lead oil腻子putty其它建筑术语k.other architecturalterms专业discipline建筑architecture土木civil给排水water supplyand drainage总图plot plan采暖通风h.v.a.c heatingventilation andair conditioning电力供应electric powersupply电气照明electric lighting电讯telecommunication仪表instrument热力供应heat powersupply动力mechanical power工艺process technology管道piping一般通用名词conventional terms建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style民用建筑civil architecture城市建筑urban architecture农村建筑rural architecture农业建筑farm building工业建筑industrial building重工业的heavy industrial轻工业的light industrial古代建筑ancient architecture现代建筑modern architecture标准化建筑standardized buildings附属建筑auxiliary buildings城市规划city planning厂区内within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式模数制单位造价semi-open typemodular systemunit cost概算承包商现场preliminary estimateconstructor,contractor site扩建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic,quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防尘dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume货流量freight trafficvolume人流量透视图建筑模型pedestrian volumeperspective drawing建筑物理照明building modelarchitectural physicsillumination照度degree ofillumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光natural lighting光强light intensity侧光side light顶光top light眩光glaze方位角azimuth辐射radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermal insulation恒温constant temperature恒湿constant humidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音sound absorption露点dew point隔汽职务名称项目经理vapor-proof nameof professionalroleproject managerpm设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief engineer土木工程师civil engineer工艺工程师process engineer电气工程师electrical engineer机械工程师mechanical engineer计划工程师planning engineer助理工程师assistant engineer实习生probationer专家specialist,expert制图员draftsman技术员technician制图drafting总说明general specification工程说明project specification采用标准规范目录list ofstandards andspecification adopted图纸目录list ofdrawings平面图plan局部放大图detail withenlarged scale平面示意图・・・schematic planof...冰冻期frost period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度calculating outdoortemperature采暖地区region withheating provision不采暖地区region withoutheating provision绝对大气压absolute atmosphericpressure相对湿度relative humidity常用房间名称d.general roomname办公室office月艮务用房service room换班室shift room休息室rest roombreak room起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅lobby诊室clinic..平剖面图・sectional planof...留孑平面图L planof provisionof holes剖面section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面cross transversesection立面elevation正立面front elevation透视图perspective drawing侧立面side elevation背立面back elevation详图detail drawings典型节点typical detail节点号detail no.首页front page图纸目录及说明list ofcontents anddescription图例legend示意图diagram草图忙ske h荷载简图load diagram流程示意图标准图布置图flow diagramstandard drawing・・・layoutof...地形图topographical map土方工程图earth-work drawing展开图developed drawing模板图formwork drawing酉己筋arrangement ofreinforcement表格tables工程进度表working schedule技术经济指标technical andeconomical index建、构筑物一览表list ofbuildings andstructures编号coding序列号serial no.行和栏rows andcolumns备注remarks等级grade直线straight line曲线curves曲折线zigzag line虚线dotted line实线solid line影线hatching line点戈线U dotand dashline轴线axis等高线中心线双曲线抛物线contour linecenter linehyperbola切线尺寸线园形parabola tangentline dimensionline round环形annular方形square矢巨形rectangle平行四边形三角形parallelogram triangle五角形六角形八角形梯形圆圈pentagon hexagonoctagon trapezoidcircle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical抛物面paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse,oblong面积area体积volume容量capacity重量weight质量mass力force米meter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter公顷hectate牛顿/平方米newton/square meter千克/立方米kilogram/cubic meter英尺foot英寸inch磅pound吨ton力口仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸average dimension变尺寸variable dimension夕卜形尺寸overall dimension展开尺寸developed dimension内径inside diameter夕卜径outside diameter净重net weight毛重gross weight数量quantity百分比percentage净空clearance净高headroom净距clear distance净跨clear span截面尺寸sectional dimension开间bay进深depth单跨single span双跨double span多跨multi-span标高elevation,level绝对标高absolute elevation设计标高designed elevation室夕卜地面标高ground elevation室内地面标高floor elevation柱网column grid坐标coordinate厂区占地site area使用面积usable area辅助面积service area通道面积passage area管架pipe rack管廊pipeline gallery架空管线overhead pipeline排水沟drain ditch集水坑sump pit喷泉fountain地漏floor drain消火栓fire hydrant灭火器fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxideextinguisher卤代烷灭火器halon extinguisher工作间workshop电气开关室switchroom走廊corridor档案室archive电梯机房lift motorroom车库garage清洁间cleaning room会议室（正式）conference room会议室meeting room衣柜间wardrobe暖风间h.v.a.c room!饭店restaurant餐厅canteen,dining room厨房kitchen入口entrance接待处reception area会计室秘书室电气室accountant roomsecretary roomelectrical控制室工长室room controlroom foremanoffice开关柜室前室switch gearantecabinet ante.生产区production area马达控制中心mcc多功能用房utility room化验室laboratory room经理室披屋阁楼manager roompenthouse警卫室guard house屋面及天棚e.roofing andceiling女儿墙parapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roof ridge坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水线water-shed二毡三油附加油毡一层2layers offelt3coats ofbitumastic extraplyof felt檐口eave挑檐overhanging eave檐沟eave gutter平屋面flat roof坡屋面pitched roof雨水管downspout,rain waterpiper.w.p汇水面积catchment area泛水flashing内排水interior drainage夕卜排水exterior drainage滴水drip屋面排水roof drainage找平层leveling course卷材屋面built-up roofing天棚ceiling楝条purlin屋面板roofing board天花板ceiling board防水层water-proof course检查孔inspection hole人孔manhole吊顶suspended ceiling,false ceiling檐板窗帘盒cornice墙体外墙板f.wall cladding砖墙brick wall砌块墙block wall清水砖墙brick wallwithout plastering抹灰墙rendered wall石膏板墙gypsumboard,plaster board空心砖墙hollow brickwall承重墙bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall纵墙longitudinal wall横墙transverse wall夕卜墙external exteriorwall内墙internal interiorwall填充墙filler wall防火墙fire wall窗间墙wall betweenwindow空心墙cavity wall压顶coping圈梁gird,girt,girth玻璃隔断glazed wall防潮层damp-proof coursed.p.c遮阳板sunshade阳台balcony伸缩缝expansion joint沉降缝settlement joint抗震缝seismic joint复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板corrugated singlesteelplate夕卜墙板cladding panel复合板composite panel轻质隔断light-weight partition牛腿bracket石专烟囱brick chimney勒脚（基座）plinth地面及地沟g.floor andtrench士也坪grade地面和楼面ground andfloor素土夯实rammed earth炉渣夯实tamped cinder填土filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层bedding course,blinding面层covering,finish结合层bonding binding course找平层leveling course素水泥浆结合层neat cementbindingcourse混凝土地面concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelledconcrete floor水磨石地面terrazzo flooring马赛克地面mosaic flooring瓷砖地面ceramic tileflooring油地毡地面linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzoflooring硬木花地面hard-wood parquetflooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面hard-wood roughflooring企口板地面tongued andgrooved flooring防酸地面acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concreteslab r.c slab乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条divider stripfor terrazzo地面做坡2%floor with2%slope集水沟gully。