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2024年高考英语语法复习代词、介词和介词短语讲义PART1考点剖析-代词考点一人称代词用作宾语例
1.The scientistssay anarea of the brain assignsmemories tosmells andstoresthey fordecades.【答案】them【解析】考查代词句意科学家说,大脑的一个区域将记忆分配给气味,并将其储存数十年分析句子结构可知,设空处作动词stores的宾语,需填入they的宾格形式them故填them考点三人称代词用作定语例
2.When youcome toZhangjiajie,you canfullyappreciate itmagnificent naturalscenery andexperienceappealing folkcustom aswell asother thrillingtourist activities.【答案】its【解析】考查形容词性物主代词句意当你来到张家界,你可以充分欣赏其壮丽的自然风光,体验迷人的民俗风情和其他令人兴奋的旅游活动空处应用形容词性物主代词its,修饰名词scenery故填itsocenters westward
1980.【答案】since【解析】考查介词句意这个调查表明自1980年以来,被研究的86个树种中大约有3/4的树种把种群中心往西移动since作介词,意思是“自以来”故填since考点十二介词短语用法例
12.In additionmanyawards Damonhasreceived,including AcademyAwards andGolden GlobeAwards,he receiveda staron theHollywood Walkof Famein2007forhis workin thefilm industry.【答案】to【解析】考查固定词组句意Damon除了获得包括奥斯卡金像奖及金球奖的许多奖项外,他因为在电影业中的工作在2007成为好莱坞星光大道上的明星in additiont是固定短语,意思是“除……之外故填to真题演练
1.(2023•浙江1月卷)Thanks toBeijing slong historycapitalof China,almost everyhutong hasits stories,and someareeven associatedwith historicevents.
1.as考查介词句意感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意故填as
2.(2022新高考I卷)Giant pandas also serveanumbrella species(物种),bringing protectionto ahost ofplantsand animalsin thesouthwestern andnorthwestern partsofChina.
3.aso【解析】考查介词句意大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护固定短语serve as(充当)故填as3(.2022全国甲卷)Now,Cao hasstarted thesecond partofhis dreamto walkalong theBelt andRoad route.He flew4,700kilometers Xian toKashgar onseat20,planning tohike backto Xian infive months.
4.fromo【解析】考查介词句意9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安根据句意和Xi antoKashgar可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从到”故填from
5.(2022全国乙卷)May21st thisyear marksthe firstInternationalTea Day,which wasnamed officiallythe UnitedNationson November27th,
2019.
6.by【解析】考查介词句意:2019年11月47日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”故填by
5.(2022北京卷)Helen waswalking downthe streetlatethe evening,her armsfilled withgrocery bags.
7.in【解析】考查介词句意深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上in theevening意为“在晚上“,固定搭配故in
8.(2021全国甲卷)The XianCity Wallis themostcomplete citywall thathas survivedChinas longhistory.It wasbuiltoriginally toprotect thecity theTangdynasty andhas nowbeen completelyrestored(修复).6in【解析】考查介词句意它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了根据句意可知,表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in
7.(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism hasits origin with theenvironmental movement of the1970s.It wasnot widelyacceptedas atravel conceptthe late1980s.
9.until【解析】考查介词句意直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受根据句意可知,此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型not……until……
10.(2021浙江6月卷)In1844they boughtit$1,200and someland fromCharles Dresser;who performedtheirmarriage ceremonyin
1842.
11.for【解析】考查介词buy sthfor money是固定搭配,表示“用……价钱买东西”
12.(2021浙江1月卷)The studyfound thatbetween1985and2017,average ruralBMI increased
2.1in womenand men.
13.by【解析】考查介词increase by是固定词组,表示“增加了……”,by表示数量的变化
14.(2020全国II卷)Bamboo plantsare associatedhealth,abundance anda happyhome.They areeasy tocare forandmake greatpresents.
15.with【解析】考查介词be associatedwith是固定词组,表示“与……有联系”
16.(2020新高考卷)Museums mustcompete peoplesspare timeand moneywith otheramusements.Most museumsalsowelcome schoolgroups andarrange specialactivities forchildren.
11.for【解析】考查介词句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱此处是固定短语:compete for,意为“为了……竞争”
12.(2020浙江6月卷)Some timeafter10,000BC,peoplemade thefirst realattempt tocontrol the world they lived,through agriculture.
13.in【解析】考查介词公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界分析可知,“they lived”应是之前名词theworld的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即theylivedin theworld,live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”
14.(2020浙江1月卷)This agingofthe population isdriventwo factors.The firstis decliningbirth rates,whichmeans oldgenerations arelarge comparedto youngergenerations,and so,on average,thepopulationbecomes olderthanbefore.
13.by【解析】考查介词此句为被动语态,介词by的宾语是动作的执行者
14.(2020北京卷)Many ofthese bagsend up in theoceanwhere largerones can trap seacreatures,such asturtlesand dolphins.Over time,the bagsfall apartcountless tinypieces,and fishcan accidentallyeat someof them.
14.to/into【解析】考查介词fall apart是固定词组,表示“坍塌,破碎“,后面to/into表示结果
15.(2020天津卷)For myfifth birthday,my motherbakedme acake theshape ofa monkey.
16.in【解析】考查介词in theshape of是固定词组,表示“以……的形状”
17.(2020天津卷)I neverworried aboutmy sonwhile Iwas away becausemy motherkept aneye him.
18.on【解析】考查介词keep aneye on是固定词组,表示“关照,注意”
19.(2020江苏卷)Taking onthis challengewill bringyouin contactsomeone whoshares yourinterests.
20.with【解析】考查介词in contactwith是固定词组,表示“与……保持联系”
21.(2019全国I卷)Modern methodstracking polarbearpopulations havebeen employedonly sincethe mid-1980s,andare expensiveto performconsistently overa largearea.
18.of/for【解析】考查介词此处tracking polarbear populations作Modern methods的定语,用of连接,“methods ofdoing sth.,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for
19.(2019全国III卷)We werefirst greetedwith thebarkingby a pack dogs,seven tobe exact.Theywere welltrained bytheir masterswho hadgreat experiencewithcaring forthese animals.
20.of【解析】考查介词考查介词“apackof”是固定词组,意为“一群”故填f
21.(2019浙江6月卷)But canuniforms helpimproveschool standardsThe answerthis questionisnot clear.
22.to【解析】考查介词句意这个问题的答案不清楚thekey/answer to…这是固定搭配,”的答案是
23.(2019北京卷)Earth Day,marked on22April,is anannualevent aimingto raisepublic awarenessaboutenvironmental protection.First celebrated1970,the Daynow includesevents inmore than190countries andregions(地区).
24.in【解析】考查介词考查介词的用法,年份前面应该加介词in
25.(2018全国III卷)My nameis MireyaMayor.I,m ascientistwho studiesanimals such as apesand monkeys.I wassearchingthese threewestern lowlandgorillas Id beenobserving.
22.for【解析】考查介词search for是固定词组,表示“寻找”
26.(2018浙江6月卷)If youare notgoing tosuffer thisproblem,then Isuggest that the nexttime yougo toyour mumshome dinner,get afew cookingtips fromher.
23.for【解析】考查介词该句表示“表示去母亲家去吃饭”,表示目的用介词for,故填for
27.(2018全国I卷)While runningregularly cant makeyoulive forever;the reviewsays itis moreeffective atlengtheninglife walking,cycling orswimming.
28.than【解析】考查介词这是“形容词/副词比较级+than+…”句型
29.(2017全国II卷)It ranfor justunder sevenkilometersand allowedpeople toavoid terriblecrowds onthe roadsaboveas theytravelled toand work.
25.from【解析】考查介词travel toand fromwork是固定词组,表示“上下班”考点三反身代词用法例
3.The boyran awayfrom theroom,screaming outinterror,direct tohome andhidhe inhis closet.【答案】himself【解析】考查代词句意那男孩从房间里跑出来,惊恐地尖叫着,直接跑回家藏在衣柜里结合句意,此处表示男孩把自己藏在他的壁橱里,故空处应用反身代词himself作hid的宾语故填himselfo考点四it用作形式主语或宾语例
4.The bridgelinks threeareas,making muchmoreconvenient totravel fromone toanother.【答案】it【解析】考查代词句意这座桥连接了三个地区,使人们从一个地区到另一个地区旅行更加方便make+it+adj.+to do”为固定用法,此处it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式故填匕考点五代词it用法例
5.My sonwas excited,but Ifelt helpless.I didnt havethatkind ofmoney.was goingto cost$300!【答案】It【解析】考查代词句意我的儿子非常激动,但我感觉到无助我没有这笔钱它要花费300美元此处是指代儿子要去做的这件事故填心考点六含it固定句型例
6.You canrely onthat heII payback allyourmoney.【答案】it【解析】考查形式宾语ito句意您可以指望他偿还您所有,的钱rely onit that…表示指望,依赖”it是形式宾语,代替that引导的从句故填匕真题演练阅读下面句子,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1.(2022全国乙卷)The ChineseAncient TeaMuseum wasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening(it)firstexhibition:The Avenueof Truth——A SpecialExhibition ofPiT erTea.
1.its【解析】考查代词句意在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览大道遗真一一普洱茶专题展名词exhibition前用形容词性物主代词故填itSo
2.2022J匕京卷Since peoplecantalways eat out orcookfor they,they gettakeout ororder delivery.
3.themselves【解析】考查反身代词句意因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭,所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖空处在句中作介词for的宾语,当主语和宾语为同一物时,宾语要用反身代词所以此处要用反身代词themselveso故填themselves
4.2021全国乙卷Ecotourism hasitoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.It wasnot widelyacceptedasatravel conceptuntil thelate1980s.
3.its【解析】句意生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动根据空格后名词origin可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin故填its
4.2021新高考I卷As thesong goes,this longandwinding road“will neverdisappear,and itwill alwaysstick inthevisitor smemory.It suredoes inI.While youre inChina,Mount Huangshanis amust to
4.mine【解析】考查代词上文提到“in thevisitors memory此处相当于“in mymemory”,所以用mine代替my memoryo
5.(2021浙江卷)She wasextremely pretty,and herhouse()wasareflection ofshe,everything ingood tasteand inperfectorder.
6.herself【解析】考查代词句意她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词;提示词she的反身代词是herselfo故填herselfo
7.(2020全国I卷)Data aboutthe moons composition,suchashow muchice andother treasuresit contains,could helpChinadecide whether(it)plans fora futurelunar(月球的)base arepractical.
6.its【解析】考查代词根据空后的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词its,故填its7(.2020新高考卷)As wellas lookingat exhibits,visitors canplaywith computersimulations(模拟)and imagine()they livingat adifferent timein historyor walkingthrough arainforest.
7.themselves【解析】考查反身代词句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词故填themselves
8.(2019北京卷)Nervously facingchallenges,I knowI will()whisper toI thetwo simplewords Be yourself”.
9.myself【解析】考查代词用法句意紧张地面对挑战,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Beyourself”本句的主语是I,当宾语与主语是同一人称时,宾语要用反身代1司O
10.(2018•全国III卷)When thegorillas andI frightened()each other,I wasjust gladto findthey alive.【答案】them【解析】考查代词句意当这些大猩猩和我相互感到害怕时,我非常高兴地发现他们活着这里作动词find的宾语故填them
11.(2017•浙江高考卷)Pahlsson screamedso loudlythather daughtercame runningfrom thehouse.She thoughtI()had hurtI,“says Pahlsson.【答案】myself【解析】考查代词句意帕尔森尖叫得如此大声以至于女儿从房子里跑了出来“她以为我伤害自己,”帕尔森说由语境可知,女儿听到母亲的叫声跑出门后,是以为母亲伤害了她自己主语跟宾语是同一个人,用反身代词,I的反身代词是myself故填myself
12.(2018天津卷)It wasonly whenthe car pulled upinfront ofour housewe sawLily inthe passengerseat.【答案】that【解析】考查强调句句意只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉这里考查强调句,强调句型结构为It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分本题强调时间状语onlywhen thecarpulledupinfront ofour house,故填that
13.(2018浙江6月卷)Many westernerswho cometoChina cookmuch lessthan intheir owncountries oncetheyrealize how cheap canbe to eatout.【答案】it【解析】考查it用法句子为感叹句,正常语序应该是it canbehowcheapto eatout.其中不定式toeatout是真正主语,it是形式主语故填itPART2考点剖析-介词和介词短语考点七不定代词的用法例
7.It washard forhim tolearn Englishinafamily,inwhich ofhis parentsspoke thelanguage.【答案】neither【解析】考查代词句意在一个父母都不说英语的家庭里,他很难学习英语由前一句意义可知,父母两人都不说英语,应用neither of故填neither考点八“介词+名词”短语例
8.Two expertsfrom Sothebysconfirmed thebowl wasfromthe1400s whenthey wereable tolook atit person.【答案】in【解析】考查固定搭配句意两位苏士比拍卖行专家表示,当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时,他们确信这件文物可追溯到15世纪根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查固定搭配in person,表示“亲自”的意思,符合句意故填in考点九”形容词+介词”短语彳列
9.Thenew fourgreat inventions,,are allrelatedChina shigh-tech innovation(仓ll新),which hasimproved thepeoples livingstandard.【答案】to【解析】考查固定词组句意“新四大发明”全都与中国的高科技创新有关系,这种创新已经改善了人们的生活水平berelated to是固定短语,意思是“同有联系”故填to考点十“动词+介词”短语例
10.You arenot wearingyour seatbelt,so youcan slideinand outof yourseat easily.That soundsalot offun.【答案】like【解析】考查固定词组句意你没有带安全带,因此你可以容易地在座椅上移动这听起来像是很有趣sound like意为“听起来像故填like考点十一介词习惯用法例
11.The surveyshows thatroughly three-quarters ofthe86tree speciessurveyed haveshifted theirpopulation。
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