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语法复习专题10虚拟语气UnitlO
一、考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中世情薄,人情恶,雨送黄昏花易落晓风千,泪痕残,谁念冰心一片寒1表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式be动词的过去式用were”,而主句中的谓语动词用uwould/should/could/might+动词原形”如If I were aboy,I wouldjoin thearmy.If thehad time,she shouldgo withyou.2表示与过去的事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用u would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”如If hehad taken my advice,he would have succeededin thecompetition.3表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或shouldwere to+动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/could might+动词原形如;If it were torain tomorrow,the footballmatch would be putoff.4当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整如If theyhad workedhard,they wouldbe verytired.从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时、主句和从句谓语动词的形式条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反过去分词过去分词had+should/would/could/might+have+与现在事实相反一般过去时用动词原形be werewould/should/could/might+一般过去时或shouldwere to与将来事实相反动词原形Would/should/cold/might++动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were/had/should+主语”如WereI aboy,I wouldjoin thearmy.Had hetakenmyadvice,he would have succeeded.Were itnot for the expense,I wouldgo toBritain.
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句1虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用
①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或could should+have+过去分词”如I wishitwerespring allthe yearround.I wishI hadknown theanswer.I wishI couldfly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise proposedemand、require、insistrequest commandorder等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形如She suggestedwe shouldleavehere atonce.The doctorordered sheshould beoperated.2虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea orderdemand、plan proposal、suggestion^request等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”如His suggestionthat weshouldgo toShanghai iswonderful.My ideais thatthey shouldpay100dollars.3虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等如It isnecessary important,natural,strange,etc.that weshould cleanthe roomeveryday.It wasa pitya shame,no wonder,etc.that youshould beso careless.It willbe desiredsuggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.that sheshouldfinish herhomework thisafternoon.注意这种从句表示的是事实如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感,就可用虚拟语气反之,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that从句也可用陈述句语气如It ispity thatyou cant swim.
3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用1虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时如He didit as if hewere anexpert.Even ifshe werehere,she couldnot solvethe problem.2虚拟语气用于定语从句中这种从句常用于句型“It ishightime that•••”中,定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时be用were或should+动词原形,意思是“现在该如It stime thatI pickedup mydaughter.It shigh timewe weregoing.3虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中如If onlyIwerea bird.If onlyI hadtaken hisadvice.4虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中如It wouldbe betterfor younot tostay uptoo late.Would yoube kindenough toclose thedoor
②用于一些习惯表达法中如Would youlikeacup ofteaI wouldrather nottell you.I
二、精典名题导解选择填空
1.When apencil ispartly ina glassof water,it looksas ifit.NMET95A.breaks B.has brokenC.were brokenD.had beenbroken解析答案为c本题考查的是as if引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题,asif引导的状语从句如果与事实一致,不用虚拟语气,如果与事实相反,应用虚拟语气题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中,铅笔看上去好像断了”而实际上铅笔并未断,与事实相反,前半部分陈述是一般现在时,因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟,用were broken
2.I didntsee yoursister atthe meeting.If she,she wouldhave metmy brother.NMET94A.has comeB.did comeC.came D.had come解析答案为D本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气题意是我在会议上没看到你姐姐,故你姐姐没来因此如果“她来了”与事实相反,前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟,所以if从句中用had+过去分词
3.一If he,hethat food.一Luckily hewas sentto thehospital immediately.NMET93A.was warned;would nottakeB.had been warned;would nothave takenC.wouldbewarned;had nottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;had nottaken解析答案为Bo本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法根据下一句语境可知,他事先并没有得到警告,表示过去时间的虚拟语气,故选B
4.Mr.Whiteat8:30forthemeeting,but hedidnt showup.A.should havearrived B.should arriveC.should havehad arrivedD.should bearriving解析答案为A本题考虚拟语气及责备的用法,全句意为Mr.white8:30(原本)应该到会的,但他没露面全句谈的是过去的事,故应使用should have done结构,表原本该做而没做的事
5.一ril tellMary abouther newjob tomorrow.一You herlast week.A.ought totell B.wouldhavetoldC.must tellD.should havetold解析答案为D本题考查情态动词用法,should(ought to)havedone表示说话人对发生的事性“责备”故选D
6.一Lets goand havea gooddrink tonight.一Have yougot thefirst prizein thecompetitionA.What forB.Thanks alot.C.Yes,Id liketo.D.Why not解析答案为A考语境及交际用语前句建议今晚咱们出去好好喝一顿吧喝一顿应有个来由和原因,且多是为了庆祝某事,所以后句问为何事(庆祝)?你是不是在竞赛中得了一等奖?这样才能表示后者惊讶、疑问和兴奋,what for为何而做某事?其余均不合语境。
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