还剩36页未读，继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览，全部文档请下载后查看！喜欢就下载吧，查找使用更方便
文本内容:
英语连词用法和总结
一、概述错误!未定义书签
二、并列连词的用法错误!未定义书签
（一）、表示转折关系的并列连词错误!未定义书签（二人表选择的并列连词错误!未定义书签
（三）、表示因果关系的并列连词错误!未定义书签（四人表示并列关系的并列连词错误!未定义书签
三、从属连词的用法错误!未定义书签1
（一）、引导时间状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（二人引导条件状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（三人引导目的状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（四人引导结果状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（五人引导原因状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（六人引导让步状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（七人引导方式状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（八人引导地点状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签ia（九”引导比较状语从句的从属连词错误!未定义书签（十八引导名词从句的从属连词等错误!未定义书签
四、并列连词词组的用法错误!未定义书签（——）、••的用法错误！未定义书签both…and.
（二）、的用法错误！未定义书签either…or…（三neither.・.nor…的用法错误!未定义书签
（四）、的用法错误!未定义书签not only...but also…
（五）、…和对称结构错误!未定义书签not only...but also
五、连词总结错误!未定义书签注意在口语中，从句前常稍停一下在笔语中，在此处常有一个逗号有时也用一个句号断for开，如最后一个例子所示上面三个例句中也可用但用更好些becatse,for连词的用法so、用作连词，主要用于表结果，意为“所以”1so外边很冷，因此穿一件厚大衣Ifs verycold,so weara heavycoat.门上锁了,所以我们进不去The doorwas locked,so wecouldnt getin.我不可能获胜,因此我没参赛I couldnthave won,so I didnt goin for the race.戏八点开始，因此他们必须七点吃饭The playbegan ateight,so theymust dineat seven.天很黑,所以我看不见发生了什么事It was dark,so I couldnt seewhat washappening.There happened to bea policemanon thecorner,so Iasked himthe way.恰好拐角处有一位警察，我就向他问路了
2、有时可与并列连词and连用，构成习语andso（相当so）.他叫我那么做,所以我就做了He toldme todo itand so I didit他勤奋工作，所以他取得了成功He workedhard and so hesucceeded.有这么多东西可吃，而吃的人又这么少There was so muchto eatand sofew peopleto eatit.I forgotto postthe letter,and soshe neverheard aboutmy divorce.我忘了寄那封信了，所以她一直不知道我离婚的事
3、不要按汉语意思将“因为…所以...”直译为because...so...误（去掉或中任意一个）Because he was ill,so he couldnt come.because so
（四）、表示并列关系的并列连词这类连词主要有and,or,either...or,neither...nor,（）（二就在这时）等如not only...but also,both...and,as well as,when andjust atthis time.他会得寸进尺Give himan inchand he will takea mileNot only didhe speakmore correctly,but hespoke moreeasily.不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了他正要上床睡觉,这时电话铃响了起He was about to go to bed whenthe telephonerang.来.他没去，她也没去He didntgo and she didntgo either今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热The weather is mildtoday;it isneither hotnor cold.纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题Both NewYork andLondon havetraffic problems.这对你和对我都很重要It isimportant for you as well as for me.$People whoare eitherunder ageor overage maynot join the army.年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军连词用法方方面面and基本义为“和”“又”“而且”等，但它有时还可表示对比或转折，相当于汉语的
1.“而”“但”“却如飞她是银行经理，而我不过是个扫街的She abank managerand Fmjust aroad-sweeper.我读过托尼的书，但我不懂Ive readTonys bookand I dont understandit.他什么都没发表过，去自称作家！He hasnthad anythingpublished andhe callshimself awriter!有时用于连接两个相同的词语，主要有以下用法
2.连接两个相同的比较级，表示“越来越……如1天气越来越冷了The weatheris gettingcolder andcolder.,你的英语越来越好了Your English is gettingbetter andbetter计算机变得越来越复杂Computers arebecoming more and morecomplicated.连接两个相同的动词，表示动作的反复或连续如2他咳个不停He coughedand coughed.•他试了又试却未成功He triedand triedbut withoutsuccessH连接两个相同的副词，也表示动作的反复或连续如3他呻吟不已He keptmoaning onand on.连接两个相同的名词，有以下两种主要用法4
①表示许多”如.他们谈了很长很长时间They talkedfor hoursand hours这条路很长很长The roadwent onfor milesand miles.
②强调差别，意为“与……不同如Dont worrythere arerules andrules.别担心------------规则跟规则不一样我喜欢城市生活，但城市之间也有差别I likecity lifebut thereare citiesand cities.在和以动词原形出现时，其后习惯上不跟不定式表示目的，而是用动词原形”表
3.come go“and+示目的如我必须去帮助我母亲I mustgo andhelp my mother.我将来清理账目ril comeand checkthe accounts.去给自己买双新鞋口巴Go andbuy yourselfa newpair ofshoes.来跟我们一起打桥牌吧Come andplay agame ofbridge withus.注意但是，如果和不是以动词原形出现，而是以过去式、过去分词、现在分词、动名g come词等方式出A现，则其后应不定式表示目的如我来取我的书Fve come to collectmy book.我想去采蘑菇r mthinking ofgoing tolook formushrooms.我不是来跟比尔说话的，我是来跟你说话的I didntcome to talk toBill;I cametotalkto you.I wentto buy a newspaperand lost my place in thequeue.我去买了份报纸，回来就找不到我排队中的位置了另外，在之后的有时可以省略尤其在美国英语中如come,go andril comeand seeyou later.我晚些时候再来看你今.用在祈使句后，表示结果，意为“那么”暗示一种条件如4Work hardand youll pass the examinations=If youwork hard,youllpasstheexaminations.努力吧，你考试会及格的再迟到一次，就把Arrive lateonce moreand youre fired=If youarrive lateonce more,yourefired.你开除有时也可以不是用于祈使句后表示结果如你再动一步，我就要开枪了One morestep andI willfire.,用在等之后，表示“很”“挺如5good,nice,fine1我完全准备好了才去I wontgo until Im goodand ready..你一定要把面包片切得厚厚的Make sureyou cutthe breadnice andthick在主从复合句中，不要在主句前误加如使用两个镜子能看见自己的头的后部
6.ando误If youuse mirrors,and you can see the back of your head.±EIf youuse mirrors,youcanseethebackof yourhead.某些用连接的两个词，与汉语顺序相反，不要按汉语词序颠倒过来如:贫富
7.and richand poor水陆land andwater左右南北right andleft northand south饮食衣食food anddrink foodand clothing比较以下各组句子有无连词的差别
8.and天气晴朗，我们出去散了步正The weatherbeing fine,we went out for a walk.正The weatherwas fine,and wewentout fora walk.教室里包括老师有个人5正In theclassroom thereare fivepeople,the teacherincluded.正In theclassroom thereare fivepeople,and theteacher was included.他有两个小孩，都很顽皮正Hehas two children,both ofwhom are naughty.正He hastwochildren,and bothof themarenaughty.
三、从属连词的用法
（一）、引导时间状语从句的从属连词、表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词主要的如:1when,while,as,whenever□*吃饭时不要说话Dont talkwhile youreeating.蔬菜新鲜时最好吃Vegetables arebest whenthey arefresh.我正要走时他来了He camejust as I was leaving.、表示“在…之前（或之后）”的时间连词主要的有如2before,after离开前设法把工作做完Try tofinish your work beforeyou leave.喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上After wehave finishedtea,we will sit on the grass.、表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词主要的有如3since,until,tilL她从八岁起就打网球了Shes beenplaying tennissince she was eight,坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙Hold onuntilIfetch help.（谚）不要无事惹事Never troubletrouble tilltrouble troublesyou.带有状语从句的主句谓语有何特点until请看看这道题Weuntil he came.A.stopped B.arrived C.left D.waited此题应选选项都有可能被误选要弄清此题需弄清以下几点D A,B,C意为“一直到……”，其相应主句的谓语只能是持续性的，而不能是终止性的它表示的是
1.until主句动作一直持续到从句动作发生时为止以上一题的选项是错的，主要是因为其含义A,B,C荒唐若选句意为我们一直在停止，直到他来就不停止了A,若选句意为我们一直在到达，直到他来就不到达了B,若选句意为我们一直在离开，直到他来就不离开了C,以上各句的意思显然不通选是对的，因为其意为我们一直在等，直到他来就不等了（即D我们一直等到他来）上面说到，与从句连用的主句谓语不能是终止性动词，但是若这个谓语是否定的，则可以
2.until是终止性动词，因为终止性动词一旦被否定，即成为状态，而状态都是可以持续的（注n…意为直到才）误We stoppeduntil hecame.正直到他来我们才停止We didntstop untilhecame.误We starteduntil the rain stopped.正:直到雨停我们才开始We didntstart untiltherainstopped.误He finishedit until it wasdark.正:直到天黑他才完成He didntfinish ituntilit wasdark.、表示“一…就”的时间连词主要的有3as soonas,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,等如immediately,directly,instantly,once,no sooner...than,hardly...when我一接她的信就通知你ril letyou knowas soonas Ihear fromher.我一干完就给你打电话The momentI havefinished Illgive youa call.我一听到这个消息，马上就来了I cameimmediately I heard thenews.你一旦开始，便不可停下来Once youbegin youmust continue.、表示上次、下次、每次”等的时间连词主要的有（每次）,（每次）,4every timeeach time（）（下次），（随时）,（）（上次），（第一次）the next time any time the last timethe firsttime如我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他ril tellhim about it the nexttimeI see him.We losea fewskin cellsevery timewe washour hands.每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞你随时都可以给我打电话You cancall meany timeyou wantto.注意前不用冠词，中的冠词可以省略，every time,each time,anytimethenexttime,the lasttime而中的冠词通常不能省略the firsttime用作连词有哪些用法as用作连词用法如下as、表示伴随，意为“随着如1随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更糟了As timepassed,things seemedto getworse.若其后不接从句，而接名词，则用介词表示“随着”如withWith thedevelopment ofmodern agricultureand industry,moreandmore wasteis produced.随着现代工农业的发展，污染越来越严重了、表示让步，意为“虽然”“尽管”，要用于倒装句相当于但语气稍弱如2though,.他虽然是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩Boy as he was,he behavedlike agirl我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你一起生活Much as I likeyou,I couldntlive with you..他试过多次了,却仍打不开门Try ashe would[might],he couldntopen thedoor、表示时间，意为“当……时候”如3他站起来时，把杯子摔了He droppedthe glassashestood up.我来这里时碰到了你的弟弟As I was cominghere,I metyour brother.注意，引导时态状语从句时，其谓语动词通常只能是动作动词，而不能是静态或状态动词as如她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的误Her parentsdied as she was a babyand she was broughtup byher aunt.±EHer parentsdied whenshe was a babyandshe was broughtup byher aunt.、表示原因，引导原因状语从句时，其谓语动词可以是动作动词，也可以是状态动词如4因为你不在那里，我留了个信儿As youwerent thereI lefta message.另外，引导原因状语从句，可用以下这样的倒装语序如:因为她累了，我就决定不打扰她了Tired asshe was,I decidednot todisturb her.Writing hurriedlyasshe was,she didntnotice thespelling errors.因为写得仓促，她没有注意其中的拼写错误（二卜引导条件状语从句的从属连词这类连词主要有等如if,unless,as[so]long as,in case我开窗你不介意吧Do youmind if I openthe window）除非我打电话,否则你别来Dont comeunless Itelephone.As long as you9re happy,it doesntmatter whatyou do.只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系万一下雨，他们就呆在家里In caseit rainsthey willstay at home.注意在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态不过，有时表示条件的之后可能用但那不是将来时态，而是表示意愿或委婉的请求（为情态动if win,win词）如:Tf youwillsitdown fbra fewmoments,Ill tellthe manageryou9re here.请稍坐，我这就通知经理说您来了与的用法区别if whether两者在表示“是否”时的用法区别如下互换的场合
1.引导宾语从句表示“是否”时，两者常可互换如他问我们是否想喝一杯He askedif[whether]we wanteda drink.他没有告诉我他是否会来He didnttell meif[whether]he wouldcome.注若是引导条件状语从句，则只能用（意为“如果”）if通常用的场合
2.if*当引导一个否定的宾语从句时，通常用而不用如if whethero我不在乎天是否下雨I dontcare if it doesntrain.注在个别词语（如等）后的从句否定式有时也可能用来引导如wonder,not sure whether我想知道他是否错了I wonderif[whether]he isntmistaken.通常用的场合
3.whether（）引导主语从句且放在句首时如1他是否会来还是个问题Whether he will comeis still a question.注若在句首使用形式主语而将主语从句放在句末，则有时也可用来引导如it,if不知他是否会来It was not knownwhether[if]he wouldcome.引导表语从句时如2问题是我们是否应该继续进行这项工作The questionis whether we should go onwith thework.注引导表语从句偶尔也用很不正式，但远不如用常见if whether引导宾语从句且放在句首时如3他是否单身，我不知道Whether he is singleI dontknow.引导让步状语从句时如4不管他同意与否，我都要那样做Whether heagrees or not,I shalldo that.■■与连用分别引导两个从句时如5or我不知道是他错了，还是她错了I dontknow whetherhe iswrong orshe iswrong.注若不是引导两个从句，而是连接两个词或短语，则也可用但不如用常见or ifwhether如他不知道我们是写信好还是打电话好He didnt know if[whether]we shouldwrite or phone.用于不定式之前时如6我不知是留还是去Fm notsurewhetherto stayor leave.我真是哭笑不得I didnt know whetherto laughor tocry.用于介词之后时如7这取决于信是否来得及时It dependson whetherthe letterarrives intime.我担心是否伤了她的感情I worryabout whetherI hurther feelings.直接与连用时如8or not我能不能来，我将写信告诉你I willwrite toyou whetheror notI cancome.注若不是直接与用在一起，则有时也可用如or not ifo我不知他是否能赢I dontknow whether[if]hewillwin ornot.在某些动词后如等通常只用如9discuss whethero我们讨论了是否要开一个会We discussedwhetherwe should holda meeting.与unless if...not和均可表示“如果不”，有时用法相同，有时不同,请看题:unless if notYoull missthe trainyou hurry up.A.unless B.as C.ifnotD.until此题应选容易选其实只是词序不对，若改为也是对的在许多Ao CC...if you don/hurryup情况下，连词与同义，且可换用（表示一种否定的条件）until if...not要是不下雨，我们就去正We shallgo unlessit rains.正We shallgo ifit doesntrain.我不打电话给你，你就不要来正Dont comeunless Iphone you.正Dont comeif I dont phoneyou.从以上两例可以看出，有时可以与换用，但中的必须位于从句谓语中，unless ifnotifnot not而不能直接与连用在一起但是注意，即使如此，两者也并不是永远可以换用的if一般说来，两者互换的场合只限于当我们要去结束一个已经存在的想法或状态时1（而不是去开始一种新的想法或状态）试体会（）要是不邀请我去参加晚会，ril stayat homeunless I am invited=ifIam notinvited to the party.我就呆在家里（即“邀请我参加晚会”会结束“我将呆在家里”这一现在的打算）若要表示所述条件会导致一种新的想法或情况，通常要用而不用试体会:if…not,unlesso如果不邀请我参加晚会，我会生气的ril beangry ifTm notinvited to the party.（即“不邀请我去参加晚会”会导致一种新情况--“我会生气”）（三人引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要的有等如in order that,so that,in case,for fear.他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见He raisedhis voiceso thateveryone couldhear带上雨伞，以防下雨Take yourumbrella justin caseit rains.She repeatedthe instructionsslowly in orderthat he shouldunderstand.她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白用作连词的用法in case用作连词时有以下两个用法:in case表示条件,意为“如果”“万一”如:
1.如果下雨，就不要等我了In caseit rains,do notexpect me.如果你见着他，问问他这事In caseyou seehim,ask himaboutit.如果我忘了，请提醒我我的诺言In case I forget,please remindme ofmy promise.如果他在我回来之前到，请让他等等我In casehe arrivesbefore Iget back,please askhim towait,.表示目的,意为“以防”“生怕”如2我不敢买股票，怕赔钱Im shyof buyingshares in case Ilose money.带些暖和的衣服，以防天气变冷Take warmclothes in case theweatheriscold.¥我给你留一个座位，以防你会改变主意ril keepa seatfor youincaseyou shouldchange yourmind.We tookour swimmingthings incase wehappenedtofind apool.我们带上游泳用品，以备万一能找到一个水池注有时中间的谓语由构成，强调偶然性，可译为“万一”should我写下了她的地址，以防万一我忘了I wrotedown heraddress incaseI should forgetit.I alwaysslept by the phoneincasehe shouldring duringthe night.我总是睡在电话机旁边，怕万一他夜间打电话来（四人引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要的有等如so that,so…that,such...that我去听演讲去得很早，所以找个好座位I wentto thelecture earlyso that I gota goodseat.I hadso manyfalls thatI wasblack andblue allover.我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的他关窗子用力很大，结果玻璃震破He shutthe windowwith suchforce that the glassbroke.To
一、概述连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and,等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等）和状语从句（时but,or,for间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等），引出名词性从句的连词如等，引出that,whet her状语从句的连词如等when,because,since,if
二、并列连词的用法
（一）、表示转折关系的并列连词主要有（但是）,（可是）,（而，却）等如but yetwhile我本该早写信的，但我生病了I wouldhave writtenbefore but I havebeen ill.我失败了，但我还要尝试I havefailed,yet Ishall tryagain.你爱打网球，但我爱看书You liketennis,while Fdrather read.有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了Someone borrowedmy pen,but Idont rememberwho.•他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们He saidhe wasour friend,yet hewouldnt helpus的用法举例but连接词或短语
1.那一天天气晴朗，却不太暖和It was a sunnybut notvery warmday.他开车不是很小心，而是开得很慢He drives not carefullybut slowly.连接句子
2.这不太好，但可以将就用This isnta goodone but it willanswer.•他看起来很老实，实际他是一个坏蛋He lookshonest,but actuallyhes arogue我向他说了早上好，但他没有回应She hashad no answer to him but he gavenoanswer.五人引导原因状语从句的从属连词,主要的有等如:because,as,since,seeing that,now that,considering that他不信任我，因为我是新来的He distrustedme because I wasnew.既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你As you are sorry,Til forgiveyou.由于我们没钱,我们无法购买它Since weveno money,we cantbuy it.因为他病了，他大概不会来了Seeing thathes illhes unlikelyto come.既然她已经道了歉，我也就满意了Now that she has apologized,Iamcontent.连词用法详解becauseI.表示原因，语气较强，可用来回答提出的问题如1whyAWhy doyou loveher你为什么爱她BBecause she is kind.因为很善良除经常用于引导原因状语从句外，还可引出表语从句或用于强调句等如
2.because那是因为你吃得太多了It is because youreeating toomuch.It wasbecauseI wanted tobuyadictionary thatI wentto townyesterday.我昨天是由于想买本字典而进城的汉语说“因为……所以……”，但英语却不能用…这样的结构如:
3.because…s因为我病了半年，所以把工作丢了误Because I was ill for six months,so I lost my job.正Because I was illfor sixmonths,Ilostmyjob.正I wasillforsixmonths,so Ilostmyjob.汉语说“之所以……是因为……”,英语可以类似以下这样的句型用比用普通
4.that because如The reasonwhy Imlate isthat[because]I missedthe bus.我迟到的原因是因为我没有赶上公共汽车传统语法认为这类句型不能用但在现代英语中用的情形已很普遍because,because
9.在这一结构中，有时否定主句，有时否定从句，具体视语境而定一般说5not…because…not来，若not否定主句，最好在之前用逗号，否则会引起歧义，如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两because种解释:I didntgo becauseIwas afraid.这个句子既可理解为“我没有去是因为怕”，也可理解为“我不是因为怕才去”但是，如果b ecause之前有副词修饰，一般认为是否定从句而不是主句如just not你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气You shouldntget angryjust becausesome peoplespeak illof you..有时可引导一个句子作主语，此时通常采用这样的形式，并且主句谓语动词通常6just because（当然不是一定）为如:mean你会说英语并不意味着你能教英语Just becauseyou speakEnglish doesnt mean youcan teachit.Just becauseyoure olddoesntmeanyou havetobeidle.只是因为你年纪大了，这并不意味着你就应该懒散不活动Because youhave wordswith yourwife is no reasonto smashup things.你和你的妻子吵架并不能成为摔东西的理由.用于构成复合介词其后可接名词、代词、动名词、从句（但不能是从句或7because of,what that没有引导词的从句）等如（）他为你（那事）而来这里He is here because ofyouthat.I因为他妻子在那儿,我们对此只字未提We saidnothing aboutit,because ofhis wifesbeing there,He leftthe companybecause ofwhat theboss saidat themeeting.他离开了这家公司，是因为老板在会上讲的话通常用来引导状语，而用于不引导表语（引导表语时可用）如
8.because ofdue too误His absenceisbecause of therain.正他因雨未来His absenceis due to therain.但是，若主语是代词（不是名词），则它引出的短语也可用作表语如那是因为辛苦工作的原因It isbecause ofhard work.#那将都是因为钱的原因It willbe because of money.的用法区别because,since,as,for四者均可用来表示原因，区别如下1关于because语气最强，表示直接原因，可用于回答why提出的问题、引导表语从句、用于强调句等，而其余三者均不行川“他为什么没来因为他病了”“Why didnthe come”“Because he was我肚子痛，因为苹果吃得太多My stomachhurts becauseI haveeaten toomany apples.A是因为他诚实我才喜欢他It isbecause he is honestthatI like him.2关于since与as两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的，即对已知事实提供理由，而不是表示直接原因a.since比语气as稍强，且比略为正式，它们引导的从句通常放在主句之前，有时也放在主句之后as由于你不在那儿,我留了个口信As youwerent there,I lefta message.你既然错了，就应该道歉Since youare wrong,you shouldapologize.可用于省略句，而其他三者不行b.since既然如此，我无话可说Since so,I havenothing to say.3关于for是并列连词其余三者为从属连词，它有时可表示因果关系通常要放在主句之后,且可与换用;有时不表示因果关系，而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断也要放在主句之后,但because不能与换用比较because地面是湿的，因为昨晚下过雨The ground is wet,for=because itrained last night.It musthave rainedlastnight,for thegroundiswet thismorning.昨晚一定下过雨，你看今天早上地面是湿的此句不能用代because for如何理解引导从句的用法in thatI、如果是作为自由搭配那么它的意思需视上下文而定如1in that,.把书柜放在那个角落里Put the bookcase in that comer你千,万另参与事You oughton noaccount totake partin that.lla3住那家旅馆很贵It isexpensive tostay in that hotel.、如果用引导从句，则它是一个习语，意思是“因为“由于“，与从属连词意思相2inthatbecause同如她很幸运，有一些朋友帮助她She wasfortunate inthatshe had friendsto helpher.The situationis rathercomplicated inthat wehave twomanaging directors.由于我们有两位总经理，所以情况很复杂Im in a slightlyawkward position,inthathes not arriving untilthe10th.我的处境有点难堪，因为他要号才来10
（六）、引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有although,though,even though,even if,while,however,等如whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever他们虽是挛生，但是相貌却完全不同Although they are twins,they lookentirely different.尽管她有时很恼人，但我还是喜欢她I likeher even though shecan beannoying.不管你力气多大，也休想搬动那块石头You wontmove thatstone,however strongyouare.我们取得的——切成就都归功于你们的支持Whatever wehave achieved,we oweto yoursupport.不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过Whoever youare,you cantpass thisway.每当我见到他,我都和他讲话Whenever IseehimI speaktohim.与用法区别与说明although though用作连词，表示“虽然“，两者大致同义，可换用，只是比更为正式如:
1.although though虽然它们很昂贵，人们还是买Though[Although]theyre expensive,people buythem.一般不用作副词，而可用作副词，表示“可是”“不过如
2.although thoughIexpect you9re right-ril askhim,though.我认为你说得对--------------我去问问他也好她答应要打电话来.可我没听到回信儿She promisedto phone.Iheardnothing,though.这样用的通常位于句末，但有时位于句首的也有这样的意思如though though他说他要付钱，然而我认为他不会付的正He sayshell pay,though Idon5t think hewill.正He sayshell pay;Idont thinkhewill,though.在好像，仿佛，即使，纵然等固定短语中，不能用代替
3.as thougheven though although thougho如:她待我仿佛我是一个陌生人She treatsme as though Iwere astranger.已他尽管经验最少，但教得最好Hes thebest teachereven thoughhe hasthe leastexperienc两者均可用于省略句，通常见于主句与从句主语相同，且从句谓语含有动词的情形如:
4.beAlthough[Though]it was built beforethe war,the engineis stillin perfectorder.尽管是战前制造的，这台发动机仍然处于良好状态尽管他还年轻他的头发却已变得灰白Although[Though]he isstill youngheis going verygrey.Although[Though]shewasin pain,she bravelyblinked backher tears.她虽然很疼痛，但还是硬把眼泪抑制住了.当用于倒装形式，它不能换成但可换成5thoughalthough,as他虽然成功,但不骄傲Successful though[as]heis,heisnot proud.我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活Much though[as]Ilikeyou,I couldntlive withyou.Try though[as]I would,Icouldnot makeher changeher mind.不管我多努力，也不能让她改变主意Surrounded though[as]we werebytheenemy,we managedto marchforward.虽然我们被敌人包围着，但我们还是设法前进了]虽然正在下着大雨，我还是要出去散步Raining hardthough[as]it is,Fm goingoutforawalk.注意，若倒装后置于句首的是名词时，其前习惯上不用冠词或其他限定词如他虽是专家，但还是失败了Expert though[as]hewas,he failed.虽然是个大难题,但仍没有难倒吉姆Big puzzlethough[as]it was,it hadntgot thebetter ofJim.不要按汉语“虽然……但是……”的表达习惯，在后连用如虽然他只是个业余
6.although buto爱好者，但却是一流的高手误Although hesonly anamateur,but hes a first-class player.正Although hesonly anamateur,hesafirst-class player.$但是在强调时，可与等副词连用如although yet,still虽然他看起来很幸福，但他实际上很烦恼Though heseems happy,yet heis worried.注意值得一提的是，在某些特定的语境中，与连用的句子是可能的（注引出的although butbut句子在从句之前）如although oButI didntknow that then,although Ilearned itlater.但我当时的确不知道此事，尽管后来还是知道了He wantedtogoabroad,but althoughhe hadsome moneyhe couldntafford it.他想出国，尽管他有些钱，但还是负担不起III trieddoing theaccounts,but although I knew some mathsI foundit verydifficult.我试着算这些账，但尽管我懂点数学，仍感到很困难分析此句将与用在一起，但此句也没有错误该句从总体来看，它是一个以并列连but although词but连接的并列句，而在该并列句的后面一句又是一个包含让步状语从句although Iknew somemaths的复合句-----这种句型就是所谓的并列复合句此句也可改写为I trieddoing theaccounts,butI founditvery difficultalthoughIknewsomemaths.
（七）、引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要的有等如as,as if,asthough,the way你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢Why didntyou catchthe lastbus as I toldyou to.他将铁棍折弯,仿佛那是用橡皮做成的He bentthe ironbar as ifithad beenmade ofrubber（）没有人像我这样爱你Nobody elseloves you the way=as Ido.（八人引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要的有等where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere如这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧The churchwasbuiltwhere therehad oncebeen aRoman temple.址你想至明口儿我就带你至哪儿（Fil takeyou anywhereyou like.U Ufrom Igo,I findthe samething.不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况（九人引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要的有和如than as…as现在她比过去任何时候都快活She was now happierthan shehad everbeen.我看了看表，时间比我想像的早I glancedat mywatch.It wasearlier thanI thought.,他工作不像她那样努力He doesntwork ashard asshe does（十八引导名词从句的从属连词主要有等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、that,whether,if宾语从句和同位语从句其中不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而that if,whether虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否如•他回答说他将坐火车去He repliedthathewas goingby train我不知道它是否够大I wonderif itslarge enough.我为是否伤了她的感情而担心I worryabout whetherI hurther feelings.
四、并列连词词组的用法
（一）、…的用法，其意为“…和…都”、“不但…而且…”、“既…又…”both…and她不仅会说日语，而且还会写She bothspeaks andwrites Japanese..他说话既亲切又明事理He spokewith bothkindness andunderstanding【注】作为关联并列连词，它通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词另外，若连接两个成分作主语时，谓语要用复数汕她和索菲娅都喜欢这姑娘Both sheand Sophiawere pleasedw thegirl.
（二）、的用法either…or…、主要用于表示选择，其意为“要么……要么……”，不是…就是…”，“或者……l either...or…或者……”，用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语如要么进来，要么出去Either comeinorgo out.我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下I wantto visiteither Parisor London.不是他没讲清楚,就是我没听明白Either hedid notspeak distinctlyor Idid nothear well..你拿这个或那个都可以You canhave eitherthis one or thatone你要么马上走，要么等到明天You musteither goat onceor waittill tomorrow.不是这星期就是下星期我们就可完成这项工We canfinish thework eitherthis weekor nextweek.作注意1either...or...通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词，若连接两个成分作主语，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致如你或我必须有人去Either youor Iam togo.要么他对，要么你对Either heor youare right.注意2但在非正式文体中，有时也会一律用复数谓语如你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行You caneither havetea or coffee.不是你错，就是我错Either youor Iam wrong.汕大卫或珍妮特来的话，是会要喝酒的If eer Davidor Janetcome,they willwant adrink.除可连接两个词或短语外，有时也可连接两个句子如
2.either…or...要么你改进工作，要么我就辞退你Either youmust improveyourworkor Ishall dismissyou.你要是不离开这座房子，我就叫警察来Either youllleave thishouse orril call the police.…的否定式可以是…，也可以是…如
3.either…ornoteither…or neither…nor他既没写信又没打电话注意,正如He didnteither writeorphone=He neitherwrote norphoned.不能说一样（但可说）英语习惯上也不说如不能说either...not not...either,either...or...not,可改为Either heor hiswife hasntcome.Neither henor hiswife hascome.（三八…的用法，其意为“既不…也不…”、”…和…都不”neither…nor我既无时间又无钱I haveneither timenor money.我既不抽烟也不喝酒I neithersmoke nordrink.If他对所发生的事不闻不问He neitherknows norcares whathappened.这既不怪我，也不怪你This isneither myfault nor yours.【注】通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致（）玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史Mary neitherlikes mathsnor likeshistory.吉姆和杰克都不在家Neither Jimand Jackwas athome.但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数吉姆和杰克都不在家Neither Jimand Jackwere athome
（四）、的用法not only…but also…表示“不但…而且…”，“不仅而且，“既又”，用于连接两个性质not only...but also相同的词或短语如不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的Not onlymen but also womenwere chosen,我们不但饿了，而且也累了We were not onlyhungry,but alsotired.她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动She likesnot onlymusic but also sport.她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲She not only playswell,but alsowrites music.）我们不仅冬天去那儿,而且夏天也去另外，We gothere not only inwinter,but alsoin summer.在使用.•时还应注意以下几点not only...but also.、有时可将分开用，即将视为普通的并列连词，用于连接两个句子，然后将用于1but alsobut also句中（用谓语动词用在一起）如他不仅很快，而且技术高超Hes not only very fast,but hesalso gotmarvellous technique..该结构中的有时可以省略,或将换成（置于句末）如2also alsotoo,as well他不但风趣，而且也很机智Not onlyishefunny,but heis wittytoo[as well]..他不仅冲洗汽车,而且还擦拭了He not only washedthe car,but polishedit too[as well]它#他不仅在日本出名，而且在中国也出名His nameis knownnot only in Japan,but inChina.有时因为语境的需要，…也可能用于连接两个性质不同的词或短语，但这多半
3.not only...but also因为承前省略的原因如他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上He not only goes to workon weekdays,but also on weekends.班句中的后接的是谓语而后接的却是状语可视为后not only goes to,but alsoon weekends,b utalso承前省略了谓语动词goes to worko.当连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数原则上与其相近的主语保持一致如4not only…but alsoNotonly the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片.为了强调，可将置于句首，此时其后的句子通常要用部分倒装的形式如5not onlyNot only hasshe beenlate threetimes,she has also doneno work.她不仅仅迟到了次，她还没干一点活
3.他们不但需要衣月艮，而且还缺水Not onlydo theyneed clothing,but theyare alsoshort ofwater注:有时也可见到不倒装的情形,此时主要见于后接省略结构的情况省略只剩下主语如but also不仅我母亲不快乐，玛丽安也不快乐Not onlymymotherwas unhappy,but Marian,too.五八…是否一定要连接对称结构not only...but also、连接对称结构1…是一对非常有用的关联连词，其意为“不仅而且”“不但而not only...but also月”，通常用于连接两个相同的句子成分，即所谓的“对称结构”如连接主语
11.不只你，我也饿了呢Not onlyyou but also Iam hungry.不仅仅是男的，女的也有被选中的Notonlymen but also womenwere chosen,Notonlythe studentsbut alsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片，他们的老师也在欣赏这部影片连接谓语
22.冰还在，但下面却没有水The iceremained,but therewasnowater underneath.布朗夫人正要开始讲话，珍妮先讲了Mrs.Brown was about to begin,but Jenniespoke first.At firsthewas a littleshy,but nowhe actsmore natural.开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现得很自然了起初有点小麻烦后来情况就平静了There was a littletrouble at first,but thingswere soonquiet.用于句首
3.但没发生那个问题But thatquestion doesntarise.但她暗中感至高兴But insecret shewas delighted.U我们还能做什么$But whatelse canwe do.但最后他还是让步了But in the endhe gaveinBut there5s onething we are agreedon.但有一点大家的意见是一致的用于道歉的表达之后
4.Sorry,but we9re behindschedule.抱歉，我们落在计划后了太对不起了，我今天不能见你Im frightfullysorry,but I cant seeyou today.很抱歉，我认为这与事实略有出入Excuse me,but Idontthinkthats quitetrue.
5.用于not…but…，表示“不是而是”不是你的错而是我的错Not youbut Iam toblame.用在某些否定语后，表示“只……”
6.他只吃汉堡包He eatsnothing buthamburgers.她只认识你She knowsno onebut you,只能怪你自己You havenobody butyourself toblame.只有我看见他（No onebut mesaw her.from用于（）中，表示“隔壁再过去”“倒数第”
7.next last but one.他住在隔壁再过去一家He livesin thenext housebut one.他是倒数第二个到的He wasthelast but oneto arrive不由得不
8.caift help butYou can9t help but respectthem.你不由得不尊敬他们When theygave hima ticketto thegame,hecouldnthelpbutgo.他们给了他一张看球赛的票，他不由得不去我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办T canthelpbutwonder whatIshoulddo next.【注意】不要按汉语意思将“虽然…但是...”直译为although...but...误（去掉或中任一个）Though weare poor,but weare happy.though but她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲She not only playswell,but alsowrites music.他不仅读过这本书，还记得内容He not only readthebook,but alsoremembered whathe read.She not only singslike anangel,but alsodances divinely.她不但唱歌唱得像天使一样，而且跳舞也跟天仙一般连接表语
3.他不但傲慢，而且自私He isnot onlyarrogant but also selfish.[那个地方不但很冷而且很潮湿The placewas not only cold,but alsodamp.某些Certain poisons,used asmedicines insmall quantities,prove not only innocuous,but beneficial.毒品，如少量用作药品，证明不但无毒，而且有益连接宾语
4.他法语和英语者说得好He speaksboth Frenchand Englishwell.B她不但喜欢音乐而且喜欢运动She likesnot onlymusic but also sport.If thisproject failsit willaffect notonly ourdepartment,but alsothe wholeorganization.要是这个方案不成功，这不仅不会影响我们这个部门，而且会影响整个组织连接定语
5.There areproblems notonly with thestudents,but alsowiththeteachers themselves.不但学生们有难题，教师们自己也有连接状语
6.我们不仅冬天去那儿，而且夏天也去We gothere notonlyinwinter,but alsoin summer..他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作He worksnotonlyon weekdaysbut onSundays as wellThey landedup notonly havingto apologizebut alsooffering topay.他们最后不但同意道歉，而且还要付款[、连接非对称结构2但在实际运用中，该结构有时不完全遵循“连接相同句子成分”的用法而出现一些非对称结构这类用法主要有以下几类因承前省略而导致的不对称
1.1He notonlygoes toworkon weekdays,but alsoon weekends.他不仅工作日去上班，在周末也去上班句中的后接的是谓语而后接的却是状语可视为后notonlygoesto,but alsoon weekends,but also承前省略了谓语动词goestoworkoo.他不仅弹钢琴，而且还拉小提琴2She notonly playsthe piano,but alsothe violin句中的后为谓语动词，而后接的是名词，实为动词的宾语，可视为在notonlybut alsoplays后承butalso前省略了谓语动词playso⑶Her charmnotonlyconsists in her beautybutalsoinherself-confidence.她的魅力不仅在于她的美貌，而且在于她的自信可视为后承前省略了butalsoconsists0因强调导致不对称
2.有时为了强调，…连接的两个成分也可能是“不对称”的，这类用法尤其见于notonly…butalso#后接的是句子的一个部分，而却用于句中“连接”一个句子其后的句中可能出现notonlybutalso,也可能省略如alsoo去麻烦他不仅没有用而且没有必要Ifs notonly uselessto troublehim butit isneedless todo so.He飞飞他不仅很快，而且技术高超notonlyvery fast,but healso gotmarvellous technique.Hisheadache andfatigue notonly subsided,but,what is more,his cravingfor alcoholdisappeared.不但他的头疼和疲劳减累轻了，而且他嗜酒的毛病也消失了这类用法有时也可能会省略后面的主语，而保留其后的谓语如but这部电影不但逗人,而且也上了一The filmwas notonly amusing,but gave a valuable moral lesson.堂有价值的道德教育课（句子后半部分可视为之省略）butitgaveavaluablemorallesson这艘轮船不She was notonlythe largestship thathad everbeen built,but wasregarded asunsinkable.仅是造船史上建造的最大的一艘船，而且也被认为是不会沉没的（句子后半部分可视为but shewasregarded as之省略）unsinkableThese attractedmany visitors,for they were notonly of great architecturalinterest,but containeda largenumberof它们吸引大量游客，不仅是因为建筑风格奇特，而且还有大beautifully preservedfrescoes as well.量保存完好的壁画
五、连词总结表递进moreover,in addition,what is more,furthermore,also,then,besides,etc.表转折however,nevertheless,on the other hand,on thecontrary,etc.表层次on theone hand,...on the other hand;first,...second,...finally;表强调firstly,...secondly,...finally first,...then...etc.表强调表结果in fact,indeed,actually,as amatter offact,obviously,apparently,evidently,first of all,表结尾undoubtedly,without anyshadow ofdoubt,etc.therefore,as a result,then,consequently,accordingly,thus,etc.表彳列举in aword,in conclusion,therefore,in short,to sum up,etc.表强调still,Indeed,apparently,oddly enough,of course,after all,significantly,interestingly,also,above all,surely,certainly,undoubtedly,in anycase,anyway,above all,in fact,especially,obviously,clearly.表比较like,similarly,likewise,in the same way,in the same manner,equally.表对比by contrast,on thecontrary,while,whereas,on theother hand,unlike,instead,but,conversely,different from,however,nevertheless,otherwise,whereas,unlike,yet,in contrast.表歹举U for example,for instance,such as,take...for example.Except for,to illustrate.表时间later,next,then,finally,at last,eventually,meanwhile,from nowon,at the same time,for thetimebeing,in theend,immediately,in themeantime,in themeanwhile,recently,soon,now and then,during,nowadays,since,lately,as soonas,afterwards,temporarily,earlier,now,after awhile,first after a few dayseventually at that timein themeantime meanwhileafterward from then on表顿序J first,second,third,then,finally,to begin with,first of all,in the first place,last,next,above all,lastbut not the least,first andmost important.表可能presumably,probably,perhaps.表角牟释in other words,in fact,as amatter offact,that is,namely,in simpler terms.表递进What ismore,in addition,and,besides,also,furthermore,too,moreover,furthermore,as wellas,additionally,again.表让步although,after all,in spite of...,despite,even if,even though,though,admittedly,whatever mayhappen.表转折表原因however,rather than,instead of,but,yet,on theother hand,unfortunately,whereas for thisreason,due to,thanks to,because,because of,as,since,owing to.表结果as aresult,thus,hence,so,therefore,accordingly,consequently,as consequence.表总结on the whole,in conclusion,in aword,to sumup,in brief,in summary,to conclude,to summarize,in short.其他类型连接词Mostly,occasionally,currently,naturally,mainly,exactly,evidently,frankly,commonly,for thispurpose,toa largeextent,for mostof us,in manycases,in this case,表空间near tofar fromin thefront ofbeside behindto theright to the lefton theother sideof表举例for exampleto namea few,say,such as表递进in additionfurthermore whats more whatsworse表对比whereas whileas opposedto by contrast bycomparison表示时间与频率的词汇:in general,every,some,after,on the whole,usually,most,at othertimes,in mostcases,frequently,main,finally,as arule,rarely,before,meanwhile.表示附力口的词:additionally,as wellas Justas,again,along with,also,further,furthermore,likewise,inthe samemanner,in the same way,in additionto,弓出例子:I for example,namely,for instance,as anexample,that is表示转折:although,instead,rather than,but,nevertheless,though,however,on theother hand,otherwise得出结论:all in all,in consequence,in brief,as aresult,the pointis,in conclusion,therefore,hence,in sum.表示增力口的过渡词also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,again,on topof that,等another,first secondthird表示时间顺序的过渡词now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,in afewdays,gradually,suddenly,finally表示空间顺序的过渡词near to,far from,in frontof,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,totheright，，等left aroundoutside表示比较的过渡词等in the same way,just like,just as表示对照的过渡词等but,still,yet,however,on theother hand,on thecontrary,in spiteof,even thougho表示结果和原因的过渡词等because,since,so,as aresult,therefore,hence,thus,otherwise表示目的的过渡词等for thisreason,for thispurpose,so that表示强调的过渡词in fact,indeed,surely,necessarily,certainly,without anydoubt,truly,to repeat,above等all,most important表示解释说明的过渡词:等for example,in fact,in thiscase,for actually表示总结的过渡词finally,at last,in conclusion,asI have shown,in otherword,in brief,in short,in general,等on thewhole,as has been stated增补Additionin addition,furthermore,again,also,besides,moreover,whats more,similarly,next,finally.比较Comparison in thesame way,likewise,similarly,equally,in comparison,just as对照Contrast whereas,in contrast,on theother hand,instead,however,nevertheless,unlike,even though,on thecontrary,while因果Cause andeffect because,because of,for,since,due to,owing to,thanks to,as aresult of,accordingly,hence,so,thus强调Emphasis certainly,above all,indeed,of course,surely,actually,as amatter offact,chiefly,especially,primarily,in particular,undoubtedly,absolutely,most important
6.it/y Concessionalthough,though,after all,in spiteof,nevertheless,still,provided,while it is true.....例证7Exemplification for example,for instance,that is,namely,such as,in other words,in thiscase,byway ofillustration.总结Conclusion to sumup,to conclude,in aword,in short,in brief,all in all,in all,to putit in a nutshell,in summary推断Inference therefore,as aresultof,consequently,accordingly,so,otherwise时间和空间Time andspace afterward,after,first,later,then,soon,outside,near,beyond,above,below,onthe rightleft,in themiddle,opposite,in frontof表示罗列增加递进first,second,third,firstly,secondly,thirdly,first,then/next,after that/next,finally/last/last but not least,and equallyimportant,on theone hand...,on theother hand...,besides/whats more/in additionto sth./furthermore/moreover/another/also/too,plus,aswell,especially/particularly/in particular表示时间顺序now,at present,recently,after,afterwards,after that,after awhile,in afewdays,atfirst,at thebeginning ofsth.,to beginwith,to startwithlater,next,finally,immediately,soon,suddenly=all ofa sudden,atthatmoment,as soonas,the moment...,from nowon,fromthenon,gradually表示解释说明atthesame time=meanwhile,till,not...until,before,after,when,while,as,duringnow,in addition,for example,for instance,in thiscase,in fact/as amatter offact/actually,frankly speaking,in otherwords,in simplerterms,that is to say,to putit differently表示转折关系but,however,while,though,yet,still,nevertheless,or,otherwise,on thecontrary/on theother hand,in spiteof../despite the fact that...,even though,except fbr,instead,in steadof,of course,after all,even so表示并列关系表示因果关系or and,also,too,notonly...butalso...,aswellas,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor...5原因because,because of=thanks to...=due to...=owing to...,since=now that,as,for,结果表示so,therefore,thus,hence,as aresult of,on this/that account,so...that,such...that,in thisway条件关系assolongas,on condition that,if,unless表示让步关系though,although,as,even if,even though,whether...or...,however,whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,no matterhow who,what,which,where表示举例fbr example,for instance,such as...,like...,take...fbr example表示比较be similarto,similarly,thesameas,in contrast,compared withto...Just like表示目的表示强调for thisreason,for thispurpose,so that,in orderthat,in orderto,so asto,indeed,in fact,surely,certainly,no doubt,without anydoubt,truly,obviously,above all表示概括归纳in aword,in short,in brief,in summary,on thewhole,generally speaking,in general,in myopinion,as farasI am concerned,as whathas beenmentioned,tosumup,to conclude,in conclusion表示“尤有进者”的意思等，如:Again,also,then,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,next,in additionJasonteaches diligently.Besides,he writesa lot.1Englishis a usefullanguage.For onething,it isan officiallanguage in the UN.Then,it iswidely used2in business,science andtechnology.表示“反意见”But,however,still,yet,after all,for allthat,in spiteof,on thecontrary,on theother hand等，如:Jim isintelligent butlazy.3Singapore isnotabig country.On thecontrary,it isvery small.4表示“困果关系”等，如Therefore,so,hence,thus,accordingly,consequently,asaresultSome peopleare over-ambitious.As aresult,theyareusually unhappy.5Tom didnot workhard;hence,he failed.6表示“比较关系”等，如Likewise,similarly,in alike mannerYoucannot writeswithout apen.Likewise,you cannotcook withoutrice.7No oneis allowedto speakMandarin in an Englishclass.Similarly,no oneis allowedto speakEnglish8inaMandarin class.表示“举例示范等，如For example,in otherwords,for instance,that is9There aresome commonerrors inhis composition.For instance,it iswrong touse he”to replace“thequeenn.表示“结束”:等，如To sumup,in brief,in short,on thewhole,to conclude⑩Some saySingapore isa niceplace tolive in.Others sayit isnot sonice.It istoo competitive.In short,some likeSingapore;some donot.并列关系and,furthermore,more thanthat,also,likewise,moreover,in addition,what ismore,for instance,forexample转折关系although,however,on thecontrary,but,in spiteof,nevertheless,yet,otherwise,despite顺序关系first,second,third,andsoon,then,after,before,next因果关系asaresult,for,thus,because,forthisreason,so,therefore,as,since,consequently,on accountof归纳关系asaresult,finally,therefore,accordingly,in short,thus,consequently,in conclusion,so,in brief,inaword几个用得比较多的句子As farasIam concerned,the advantagesof...outweigh itsdisadvantages.Nevertheless,the disadvantagesof...is undeniable.To sumup/In general/On thewhole/In briefIn short/In aword,itis true that...bring aboutboth positiveandnegative results.But wecan tryour bestto reducethe negativeinfluence tothe leastextent.Obviously,inevery aspect,...This diagramunfolds aclear comparisonbetween...and...As totheotherthree,though thegrowth rateswerenotso high,theywereindeed remarkableand impressive.A表层进表举例表解释表总结表强调表让步表比较俵转折表时间表层进first,firstly to beginwithsecond,secondly to start withthird,thirdly whatsmorealso andthenand equallyimportantbesides in additionfurther inthe firstplacestill furthermorelastlastbut nottheleastnext besidestoomoreoverfinally表举例
2.forexamplefor instancetoillustrate as an illustrationafter all表解释
3.asamatter offact franklyspeakingin thiscase namelyin otherwords表总结
4.in summaryinawordin brief in conclusiontoconclude in factindeed in shortin otherwords of courseit istrue speciallynamely in allthat isto summarizethus as hasbeensaidaltogether in other wordsfinally in simplertermsin particular that ison thewholeto putit differentlytherefore表强调
5.of courseindeedabove allmost importantemphasiscertainly in fact表让步
6.still neverthelessin spiteofallthesameeven soafter allconcession granted naturallyofcourse表比较
7.in comparisonlikewisesimilarly equallyhoweverlikewisein thesameway表转折
8.by contrastalthoughat thesame timebutin contrastneverthelessnotwithstanding on the contraryon theother hand otherwiseregardlessstillthough yetdespitethe factthat evensoeven though for allthathowever in spite ofinstead表时间
9.afterawhile afterwardagainalsoand thenas longasat lastat lengthatthat timebeforebesides earliereventuallyfinallyformerly furtherfurthermorein additioninthe firstplaceinthe pastlastlatelymeanwhile moreovernextnowpresently secondshortlysimultaneouslysince sofarsoon stillsubsequentlythenthereafter toountiluntil nowwhen总结关系过渡词语in general,to someextent,in myview,asfor me,as farasIamconcerned,obviously,in brief,on thewhole比较对比关系过渡词语similarly,on thecontrary,on theone hand,on theother hand,otherwise,in sharpcontrast,but,however,yet,nevertheless列举关系过渡词语asacase inpoint,such as,first ofall,tobeginwith,furthermore,besides,in addition,for onething,foranother因果关系过渡词语（）becauseof,since,for,owing to,thanks to,asaresult of,consequently,for thereason that,therefore,hence让步关系过渡词语although,eventhough,in spiteof,despite强调关系过渡词语surely,obviously,particularly,in deed,needless tosay,most importantofall递进关系in addition,also,moreover,besides,whatsmore时间顺序immediately,meanwhile,presently,shortly,since,soon,temporarily,while方式手段as,asif,the way,by目的关系so that,lest,in orderthat）表层次1First,firstly,tobeginwith,further,inthefirst placesecond,secondly,tostartwith,still,furthermorethird,thirdly,what ismore,last,lastbutnot leastalso,andthen,next,besidesand equallyimportant toomoreoverbesides inaddition finally）表转折;2bycontrastalthough thoughyetat thesame timebut despitethefactthat evensoin contrastnevertheless eventhoughforall thatnotwithstandingon thecontrary howeverinspiteofon theother handotherwise insteadstillregardless）表因果;3therefore consequentlybecauseofforthereasonthus henceduetoowing tosoaccordingly thanksto onthis accountsinceas onthat accountin thiswayfor asaresultasaconsequence）表让步4still neverthelessconcessiongrantednaturallyin spiteofallthesameofcoursedespiteeven soafterall）表递近5furthermore moreoverlikewise whatis morebesidesalso notonly...butalso...too inaddition）表举例6forexamplefor instancefor onething thatisto illustrateasanillustration acase inpoint表解释:7asamatter offact franklyspeaking inthiscasenamely inotherwords表总结:8in summaryinaword thusashasbeen saidinbriefin conclusion altogetherinotherwordsto concludeinfactfinallyinsimplertermsindeed inshort inparticularthatisin otherwords ofcourse on thewholeto putit differentlynamelyinall thereforetosummarize表并歹补充关系U whatismore,besides,also,aswell,moreover,furthermore,inaddition表转折对比关系but,however,yet,instead,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,although,different from,里in contrastto,despite,inspiteof,whereas,un Blike,nevertheless,notonly...butalso,here...there,yearsago...today,this...that,the former...the latter,then...now,thefirst...whereas thesecond,once...now,on theonehand...ontheother,some...others表因果关系since,as,becauseof,for,so,thus,therefore,asaresult,so that表条件关系if,ontheconditionthat,as longas,unless,or else表时间关系when,after,before,until,as soonas,later,afterwards,soon,lately,recently,since,from thenon,eventually,inthemeantime,then,suddenly,atthesame time,next,early thismoming/year/century,after邺an interval,now,after,presently,later,after ward,somewhat later,finally,at last,all ofa sudden表特定的顺序关系表换above all,first ofall,firstly,first,secondly,the,next,finally,intheend,at last——种方式表达:inotherwords,thatistosay,to putit anotherway表举例说明for instance,forexample,like,such as表陈述事实infact,actually,asamatter offact,to tellyouthetruth表总结onthewhole,inshort,all inall,general,inaword,inconclusion,in closing,in summary与的用法区别but however两者均可表示转折或对比，意为“但是”、“可是”、“然而”等，但有区别表示转折时，是连词如
1.but.他虽年轻，但经验很丰富He isyoung butvery experienced他有个女儿，但没有儿子He hasthree daughtersbutnosons,3他喜欢运动，而他妻子则喜欢音乐He likessports,but hiswife likesmusic.表示“然而”、“可是”时，有的词书认为它是连词，有的词书认为它是副词之所
2.however以将其视为副词，也许是因为像许多副词一样不仅能位于句首，而且能位于句中（注意前后使用逗号），甚至句末（注意其前也用逗号）如可是他后来改变了主意Later,however,he changedhis mind,He hasntarrived.He may,however,comelater.他还没有至U，不过他等会儿可能会来.他说情况如此，可是他错了He saidthat itwas so;hewas mistaken,however注意以上各例中的不能换成但可用来改写如however but,but.他说情况如此，可他错了He saidthat itwas so,buthewasmistaken当连接两个句子时，其前通常应用分号，或另起新句如
3.Its raininghard;however,I think weshouldgo out./Its raininghard.However,I thinkw eshould9雨下得很大，但我想我们还得出去go out.注意上例中的不能换成但可用来改写（注意所用标点的变化）如however but,butIts raininghard,butIthinkweshouldgoout.的用法yet、用作连词时，与一样也主要用于转折，意为“但是”“而“1yet but我失败了,但我还要尝试Ihavefailed,yet Ishall tryagain.法官很严峻，却完全公正The judgewas stern,yet completelyfair.$它］又一样,又不一样They arethesame,yet notthesame.6那真是怪事，然而却是事实It isstrange,yet itistrue.Ive beenaway onlyfbr threeyears,yet Ican hardlyrecognize myhometown.我仅在外三年，可我几乎认不出我自己的故乡了.他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们He saidhewasour friend,yet hewouldnt helpus、有时用在句首如2但屋子里显得很欢快Yet thehouse wascheerful,,但它的人口翻了一番Yet itspopulation hasdoubled、有时可与并列连词或连用，构成习语和意为“虽然如此”“可是”“然3yet andbut and yet but yet,而”，与单独使用的意思相同如yetHe，snotreally nice-looking,and yet he hasenormous charm.他并不十分好看，可是他很有魅力飞她是一个奇怪的姑娘，但你禁不住会喜欢她She afunny girl,but yetyou canthelp likingher.我给了他十镑但他仍不满足I gavehim tenpounds and yethewasnotsatisfied.飞她很虚荣愚蠢，但人们却喜欢她She vainand foolish,andyetpeople likeher.她开快车去机场，She droveveryfasttotheairport,but[yet,andyet,butyet]she missedthe plane.可还是误了飞机@、根据英语习惯，不能与连词搭配使用，但是可以与搭配连用此时的4although butalthough yet可yet视为副词如尽管我们穷，但我们很快活Although weare poor,yet weare happy.Although wehave madesome progress,yet westill havea longway togo.我们虽然取得了些进步，但还是远远不够的连词考点知识归纳while是大家比较熟悉的一个词，但是许多人对它的了解是不全面的，你可能只知道它while表示“当……的时候”，甚至可能还知道它与的用法区别但是，非常遗憾，你所知道的这when,as些东西都是有关用法的“基础知识”，却不是一般英语考试的“考点知识”请看下面两道考题while、考查表示时间的用法，其意为“当……的时候”如1我们要趁热打铁We muststrike whilethe ironis hot.我给你拍照时站着不要动Stand stillwhile Itake yourphotograph.假期里我们有足够的书看吗Have wegot enoughbooks to read whileweareon holiday我出去的时候，有人来过电话吗Were thereany callsformewhile Iwas out她打电话时不愿让任何人听She hatesanyone listeningwhile sheis telephoning.、考查表示让步的用法，其意为“尽管”“虽然”如2虽然工作有难度，但很有趣While thework wasdifficult,itwasinteresting.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同While Iunderstand whatyou say,Icantagree withyou.后、OWhile theInternet isofgreathelp,Idontthink itsa goodidea tospend toomuch timeon虽然因特网很有帮助，但我还是认为在其上花太多的时间不是个好主意尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友While wedon*agree wecontinue tobe friends.虽说我学习不错，我运动却不行While Idid wellin class,Iwasa poorperformer atgames.虽然一些人变得更富有了，但多数人并非如此While afew becamericher,many didnot.、考查表示对比的用法，其意为“而”“但如3In someplaces womenare expectedto earnmoney whilemen workathomeand raiset heir有些地方妇女挣钱，而男子则在家里持家和带孩子children.我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了I wentswimming whilethe othersplayed tennis.Air isa fluidbutnota liquid,while wateris botha fluidand aliquid.空气是流体不是液体，水是流体也是液体Some peoplewaste foodwhile others haven51enough.一些人糟踏食物而另一些人却食不果腹Some peoplewaste foodwhile othershaven51enough.一些人糟踏食物而另一些人却食不果腹我去游泳，而其余的人则去打网球了I wentswimming whilethe othersplayed tennis.物价飞涨而收入却远远落后注意Prices arerising sharply,while incomesare laggingfar behind.这样用时，引出的句子通常位于末，但有时也可位于句首如whileWhile mostchildren learntoreadeasily,some needextra help.大多数儿童学会阅读很容易，有一些儿童却需要特别帮助While somelanguages have30or moredifferent vowelsounds,othershavefive or less.有些语言有个或更多的元音，而其他语言只有个或更少的元音305While Deauvilleisaholiday resort,Trouville ismore ofa workingtown.特维尔是个度假胜地，而特鲁维尔更多的却是个工业城市、考查其省略用法，即主句与从句主语相同，且从句谓语动词含有动词时，通常可省略从4be句主语和动词如beo她在狱中写出了第一部小说While hewasinprison,she wroteher firstnovel.•他小时候就离开家到处流浪了He hadstrayed fromhome whilestillaboy他做着做着功课就睡着了He fellasleep whilehewasdoing hishomework.Iwasonly listeningtotheradio withhalf anear,while Iwas preparingsome food.我正在做吃的东西，没太留心听收音机（二”表选择的并列连词主要（或者，还是，否则），（不是…就是…），（既不…也不…），or either…or…neither…or…ot herwise（要不然）等如当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的Be carefulabout whatyou sayoryoumay regretit.你要么道歉，要么滚开！Either sayyoure sorryor elseget out!.他既不抽烟也不喝酒Neither doeshe smokenor doeshe drink要抓住机会，否则你会后悔的Seize thechance,otherwise youwill regretit.*注…连接两个句子，注意用倒装语序neither…nor的用法归纳or、表示选择，意为“或”“还是”1无线电关上了还是开着的Is theradio offor on你喜欢茶还是咖啡Would youprefer teaorcoffee他睡着了还是醒着Is heasleep orawake你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机Are yougoing toAmerica byboat orby air是去是留由你自己决定You maygo orstay,according asyou decide.你是华北人还是华南人Are youfrom NorthChina orSouth China、表示一种否定的条件，意为“否则”2快点，否则我们要迟到了Come on,or wellbe late.赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了Hurry up,or youllbe latefor school.穿暖和点，否则你会感冒的Dress warmly,or elseyoull catchcold.小心，否则你会把那花瓶打碎！Be careful,or youllbreak thatvase!过马路要常小心，Cross theroad verycarefully.Look bothways,oryoumight beknocked down.要看两边，不然会被车撞倒、可表示“要不就是”
3.他一定在说笑话，要不就是疯了He must be joking,or elsehes mad这书一定在这儿，要不就是你丢失了The bookmustbehere,or elseyouve lostit.、用于否定句中代替4and.他不聪明，也长得不好看He wasnot cleveror good-looking比较他们既唱歌又跳舞They sangand danced..他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞They didntsing ordance、用于习语（工作大体上完成了5from workismoreorlessfinished.他们由个或更多部族构成They consistof1700or moretribes.1700还有一两个细节我想弄清楚Theres justoneortwo detailsIwantto makesure about,你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去Either yourmother oryour fathermay comewithyou,
（三）、表示因果关系的并列连词主要有（因为）,（因此）等如for so]他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法He shookhis head,for hethought differently..他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了He toldmetodo it,soIdid itThechild hada badcough,so hismother tookhim tothe doctor.这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生You aresupposed toget ridof carelessness,for itoften leadsto seriouserrors.你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误注意表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用for••连词的用法for、•用作连词，主要表示理由，用于引起的分句对前面的话进行解释，常用逗号把它和前面的1foi分句分开如她生气了，因为她不懂法语She was angry,fbr shedidntknowFrench.他准是出去了，因为屋里没有灯He mustbe out,for thereisnolight inthe room.他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法He shookhis head,for hethought differently.白天很短，因为这时已经是十二月The dayswere short,for itwas nowDecember.我们很少住旅馆，因为我们住不起We rarelystay inhotels,for wecant affordit.你本不必浇那些花，因为就要下雨了You neednthave wateredthe flowers,for itisgoingto rain.He tookthe foodeagerly,for hehas eatennothing sincedawn.他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，因为他从天亮就没吃过东西He wasbusy packing,for hewasleavingthat night.他那时正忙着打点行李，因为那天晚上他就要走了她冬天不出门，因为他特别怕冷She doesnot goout inthe winter,for shefeels thecold agreat deal.、表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用2for表示原因时的四个“不能”for、引导的从句不能位于它所解释的动词之前1for因为下雨，他叫了一辆出租车（这里不能用）Because itwas wethe tooka taxi.for、引导的从句不能位于或任何连词之后2for not,butHe stole,not becausehe wantedthe moneybut becausehe likedstealing.他偷东西，并不是因为他想要钱，而是他有这种毛病（这里不能用）forI、引导的从句不能用于回答问题3for一你为什么这么做Why didyoudoit一因为我生气才这么做的（这里不能用）Ididit because1wasangry.for、!•引导的从句不能单单用来复述已讲过的话，而必须包括新的内容4fHe spokein French.She wasangry becausehehadspoken inFrench.他讲法语因为他讲法语，她生气了（这里不能用）for但是说She wasangry,fbr shedidntknowFrench.她生气了，因为她不懂法语（这里用是正确的，也可用）for because注意之所以有这些用法上的限定，其理由是引导的从句不能直接说明某一特定动作发生的原for因，而只能提供一些起帮助解释作用的附加说明例如天短了，现在已是月了The dayswere short,for itwasnowDecember.12He tookthe foodeagerly,for hehas eatennothing sincedawn.他狼吞虎咽地吃了起来，因为他从天亮就没吃过东西When Isaw herintheriver Iwas frightened.For atthat pointthe currentswere dangerous.我看见她在河里时，吓坏了那个地方水流非常危险。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0
