还剩9页未读，继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览，全部文档请下载后查看！喜欢就下载吧，查找使用更方便
文本内容:
influenced by automatic thoughts.
37.It is the controlledsystem thathelps peoplecounter balancemental biasesintroducedby theautomatic system.As aresult,jumpers weremore likely to acceptthe conclusionsmade at firstblush withoutfurther questioning.A lackof controlledthinking is also morebroadlyconnected to their problematicbeliefs andfaulty reasoning.38A methodcalled metacognitivetraining can be usedto targettheirbiases,which canhelp peoplethink moredeliberatively.In thistraining,participantsare confrontedwith theirown biases.They canlearn about the misstepsand other ways ofthinkingthrough theproblem athand.It helpsto chipaway atparticipants overconfidence.In everydaylife,the questionof whetherwe shouldthink thingsthrough orinsteadgo withour gutis afrequent andimportant one.39Sometimes themost importantdecisionwe makecan beto takesome moretime beforemaking achoice.A.Happily,there maybe somehope forjumpers.B.Also,jumpers hadproblems withoverconfidence.C.But afair numberof individualsare quickto jumpto conclusions.D.It iscertainly possiblefor themto overthinkthings to take adecision.E.We planto continuethe workto traceother problemsintroduced byjumping.F.The jumpers,however,did notengage incontrolled reasoningto the same degreeasnon-jumpers.G.Recent studiesshow thateven gatheringjust alittle bitmore evidencemay helpusavoid a major mistake.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第
40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题请在答题卡指定区域作答You mightnot haveheard of the fresh start effect,but if youve evermadeaNew Yearsresolution,you，re familiarwith it.Il refers to thehuman tendencyto take action towardsachievinga goalafter aspecial occasionor keydate haspassed.The fresh start effect is simple.Most peoplewant to improve themselvesin someway.When wehit importantmilestones,were oftenlikely toreflect:are wewhere wethoughtwed be1）yacertain ageWas thisyear asuccessful year,or didwe wasteit Annuallandmarkslike birthdays,or thestart of a newyear,signify a new timeperiod andanopportunity toleave slip-ups behindand to set newgoals forbetter behavior.Research showsthat anticipation ofa new beginning is a key motivator for the freshstart effect.For example,people aged29,39,49etc.were48%more likelyto runa marathonfor the firsttime.When they were approachinga newdecade,theyweremore likelyto searchformeaning in their livesand tryto improvethemselves.The reasonis simple.When weseeour pastself asseparate fromour currentself,we feelit easierto introducenewgoals andtakeaction.What，s interestingaboutthefresh starteffectisthat wedont needto waitfor bigmilestonestotakeadvantage ofthis suddendose of motivation.Studies showthat the firstday ofeach monthand eveneach weekcan alsoinspire us.These days,known astemporallandmarks”,encourage usto stepback andevaluate ourcurrent situation.And whenwedo this,we gain the motivationto bebetter:we becomemore drivenand moreproductive.That iswhy peopleare morelikelytostart dietsor exerciseplans onMonday,rather thanthenext day.Fresh startsare excitingopportunities tolearn fromyour mistakesand moveforward.So ifyoure currentlyexperiencing lossofmotivation,questioning themeaning of yourwork,or justfeel likeyou，re stuckin arut,why don，t youuse thefresh starteffectin yourown life
40.According to the passage,what isfreshstarteffectv
41.Why isit that anticipationofanewbeginningis akeymotivatorfor thefreshstarteffect”
42.Please decidewhich partis falsein the following statement,then underlineit andexplainwhy.A freshstart likethefirstday ofeach weekisatime whenw forgetabout ourmistakesand moveforward.
43.Besides thefreshstarteffect,in what otherwaysdo youmotivate yourselfin yourlife（In about40words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三
（1）班班长李华你班即将开展五一劳动节活动请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括
1.活动目的及安排；
2.注意事项注意
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua英语答案第一部分知识运用（共两节30分）第一节（共10小题:每小题L5分，共15分）IB2D3C4A5D6B7A8C9C10B第二节（共10小题;每小题
1.5分，共15分）
11.to
12.won
13.their
14.attending
15.whose
16.imaginations
17.whether
18.has beenaccepted
19.shared
20.to chase第二部分阅读理解（共两节38分）第一节（共14小题:每小题2分,共28分）A:
21.B
22.C
23.DB:
24.D
25.A
26.DC:
27.C
28.C
29.A
30.BD:
31.C
32.B
33.D
34.A第二节（共5小题:每小题2分,共10分）
34.C
36.B
37.F
38.A
39.G第三部分书面表达第一节略第二节略
1.A.sound Bpattern C.number Dsymbol..
2.A.playful B.grateful C.cheerful D.meaningful
3.A.failed B.softened C.sank D.relieved
4.A.hated B.missed C.explored D.appreciated
5.A.gradually B.narrowly C.constantly D.accidentally
6.A.sign B.magic C.flavour D.wish
7.A.hope B.joy C.courage D.support
8.A.necessary B.convenient C.ready D.useful
9.A.struggled B.argued C.laughed D.compromised
10.A.rule B.bond C.barrierD.balance第二节共10小题；每小题分，共15分阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空请在答题卡指定区域作答AXu Mengtao,the flag-bearer forthe Chinesedelegation at the closingceremony of2022Winter Olympics,has gotmultiple worldchampionships.But herroad11glory wasnot smooth,since it was accompaniedby manyinjuries.It washer passionfor sports,her persistenceanddetermination thathelped hercontinue andshe finally12win thegold medalat herfourthOlympics.Her successgoes beyondsports asit motivatesboth athletesand ordinarypeoplein j3they pursuit of dreams.BBased onAR andVR,the metaverseaims tobring peoplecloser togetherin anonlinesetting,enabling themto beconnected inways theycouldn，t bebefore.Imagine14attend ameeting from the comfortofyourcouch,where youdon，t dressup,but youravatar does.Youre seatedatavirtual tablewith otherpeople15reactions andbodylanguage can be judgedjust as wellas theywould bein reallife.A metaversecould verylikely bringthese16imagine toreality,and soon.CEveryone hasa sense of humor,but itspretty evidentthat noteverybody hasa goodsense of it.Psychologists axedivided on17humor isinbornor learnable.However,there is one thingthat18accept universallyso far一the senseofhumor isuniquely human.It is associated withlaughter andlaughter isassociated withhappinessand courage.These arequalities19share with other formsof life.But ifhappinessisoneof the goals20chase inlife,then itisthesenseofhumor thatprovidesthe key.第二部分阅读理解共两节，38分第一节共14小题；每小题2分，共28分阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AOld and unrestored theatresare allaround usand yetso unnoticed.A newphotobookunveils theiroften overlookedbeauty.Proctor，s Theatre,Newark,New JerseyAlthoughavailable outdoorsfrom streetsellers,food wasbanned in theatres todisplayrespectability.In thelate1920s,however,the operatorsin Proctor s Theatre in Newarkbegantosetup standstoimprovethe economicsituation during9the GreatDepression.Popcorn andCoke would become asignificant part of the theatre sincome.Proctor,s Theatre,Troy,New York*Originally opened as Proctor s FourthStreet Theatrein1914,it hostedfamous comedianssuch asJack Bennyand BobHope.From1929,it wassuccessivelytaken over,renamed asProctor sTroy Theatreand switchedto screeningfilms.In the1960s,it beganplaying second-run filmsbefore closingin
1977.It waslisted ontheNational Registerof HistoricPlaces NRHPin
1979.In2010,the theatrewas repairedbutis currentlynot beingused today.RKO Keiths Flushing Theatre,New YorkOriginallyopened in1928,RKO Keiths FlushingTheatre wasdesigned byThomas Lamb.In1982,it waslisted on the NRHP.In1986,thetheatrewas boughtand closedby itsnewowner whoplanned tobuild ashopping centreon thesite,intentionally damagingthe hall.In2019,despite thepreservation efforts,the hallwas knockeddown tomake wayfor aresidentialtower block.Metropolitan Opera House,PhiladelphiaThe theatrewas originallyopenedasthe PhiladelphiaOpera Housein
1908.In the1920s,it wasrenamed asthe Metropolitan OperaHouse,showing silentfilms inaddition tohostingvarious operacompanies.In the1940s,it became a sportsarena.In1954,itwasturnedinto achurch.In thelate1990s,the buildingwas purchasedby MarkHatcher.The churchand the developercame toan agreementon arepair fora musicvenue thatwas completedandreopened in
2018.f
21.In thelate1920s,Proctors Theatre in Newark setup standsto_A.show respectfortheguests B.increase thetheatres incomeC.promote newlyreleased moviesD.compete withthe streetsellers
22.What canwe knowfrom the passageA.RKO Keith，sFlushingTheatre iswell preserved.
8.ProctorsTheatreinTroy playssecond-run filmsnow.C.MetropolitanOperaHouse haswitnessed changes in itsfunction.D.Proctor，sTheatreinNewarkhas beenofficially listedon theNRHP.
23.What isthepurpose ofthis passageA.To rankthe oldandunrestoredtheatres.B.To showthe developmentof Americantheatres.C.To encouragepeople toprotect theold theatres.D.To provideinformation onoverlooked oldtheatres.BTo theuntrained eye,a pingpong ball isjusta pingpongball.To aBeverly Clearyfan,it，s twomotorcycle helmetsfor mice.Ever sinceI readCleary sseries aboutRalph,the motorcycle一riding mouse,r veneverlooked atapingpongball一orthe world一the sameway.Amazing to think that it，s beenmorethan fortyyears sinceI checkedout The Mouse and the Motorcyclefrom myschool libraryinNorthport,and yetthat oneparticular imageisasclear tome asever.And whyshouldn，titbe Itsperfect.How I wanted amouse ofmy ownto ridea toymotorcycle aroundmy house!Thanks»to Clearys genius,a talkingmouse friendseemed notonly possiblebut probable.While muchof children，s literatureattempted toexplain theworld from the pointofview ofa wiseand gentleadult,Cleary createdcharacters whosaw theworld asonly childrencan.With greatinterest,I readevery bookthat boreBeverly Cleary，s name.She seemedlikea friendwho understoodme inways Ididn，t yetunderstand myself.r vewritten eightchildren，s booksand havealways keptBeverly ssenseofwonderin mind.I don，t rememberat exactlywhat ageI decidedIwantedto writebooks,but Iknowthat bysecond orthird grade,my teacherassigned aproject thatallowed usto focusonwhatever wewanted.My best friend pickeddolphins;I chosechildrens authors,with alargechunk ofmy projectbeing aboutwho elseBeverly Cleary!I toldthat storyrecently toa schoolgroup.One ofthe studentssaid,Thats fantastic!You didyour projecton childrens authorsand thenyou becameone!”“Yes,I said.And mybestfriendwho didher projecton dolphins—becamea dolphin!**“Really”the studentssaid inchorus.And thatperfectly sumsup whyI lovewriting forchildren:the beliefthat fantastic,magical thingscan happen.Best friendscan becomedolphins;mice canride toymotorcyclesand becomeour friends.9That swhat BeverlyCleaiy taughtme.In thehands ofa giftedstoryteller,anythingis possible...and sovery funny.
24.TheMouseandtheMotorcycle impressedthe authormainly becauseA.it recordedanimals，lifeB.it revealedthe wisdomof lifeC.it encouragedchildren toraise petsD.it describedtheworldfrom children，s eyesA.amazed B.doubtful C.scared
25.When learningthe authorsfriend becameadolphin,the studentsfeltD.confused
26.What isthepassagemainly aboutA.What theauthor createdto attractchildren.B.What theauthor didto turnimpossible intopossible.C.How Beverly Cleary arousedchildren，s interestin reading.D.How theauthor wasinspired tobe awriter byBeverlyCleary.CWhen achunk of ice fellfrom acollapsing glacier（冰川）ontheSwiss Alps，Mount Eigerin2017,partofthe longdeep soundit producedwas toolow forhuman earsto detect.Butthese vibrationsheld akey tocalculating theice avalanche，s（崩塌）criticalcharacteristics.Low-frequency soundwayes calledinfrasound thattravel greatdistances throughtheatmosphere are already usedto monitoractive volcanoesfrom afar.Now someresearchers inthisfield haveswitched focusfrom fireto ice:dangerous blockssnapping offglaciers.Previous workhas analyzedinfrasound fromsnow avalanchesbut neverice,says BoiseStateUniversity geophysicistJeffrey Johnson.This wasdifferent,Johnson says.〃A signatureofanewmaterial hasbeen detectedwith infrasound./zUsually glaciersmove fartoo slowlyto generatean infrasoundsignal,whichresearchers pick up usingdetectors thattrack slightchangesinair pressure.But acollapse一a sudden,rapid breakingof icefromtheglaciers mainbody一isaprolific infrasoundproducer.Glacial collapsesdrive ice avalanches,which posean increasingthreat to peoplein mountainousregions asrising temperaturesweaken largefields ofice.A glacierucanbecome detachedfromtheground dueto melting,causing biggerbreak一offs,“saysUniversity ofFlorence geologistEmanuele Marchetti,lead authorofthenew study.As thethreatgrows,scientists seeknew waysto monitor and detectsuch collapses.Researchers oftenuse radarto trackice avalanches,which isprecise butexpensive andcanmonitor onlyone specific location andneighboring avalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchetti says,is cheaperand candetect break一off eventsaround amuch broaderarea aswellas multipleavalanches acrossa mountain.It ischallenging,however,to separateasignal intoits components（such astraffic noises,individual avalanchesand nearbyearthquakes）without additionalmeasurements,says ETIIZurich glaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.The modelused byMarchetti isa firstapproximation forthis,“she says.Isolatingthe relevantsignal helpsthe researchersmonitoraniceavalanche，s speed,path andvolumefrom afarusing infrasound.Marchetti andhis colleaguesare nowworking toimprove theirdetectors topickupmoresignals acrossat-risk regionsin Europe,and theyhave setup collaborationsaround thecontinentto betterunderstand signalsthat collapsingglaciers produce.They arealsorefining theirmathematical analysisto figureout eachice cascade，s physicaldetails.
26.What canwe learnfrom Paragraph2and Paragraph3A.Infrasound hasamajorrole toplay indiscovering newmaterials.B.Ice avalanchesareabigger threattopeoplethan volcaniceruptions.C.Researchers aretrying touse infrasoundin detectingice avalanches.D.Scientists employinfrasound morein mountainareas thanin otherplaces.
27.Whichis anadvantage ofinfrasound overradarA.The combinationwithotherrelevant signals.B.The accuracyin locatinga certainavalanche.C.The abilityin pickingup signalsin widerareas.D.The sensitivityin trackingairpressure changes.
28.The underlinedword“this in Paragraph4refersto.A.distinguishing differentcomponents ofa signalB.detecting multipleavalanches at thesametimeC.calculating thespeed andpath ofice avalanchesD.monitoring thespecificlocationoficebreak一offs
29.Which ofthefollowingwouldbethe besttitle forthe passageA.From Fireto IceB.Glacier WhispersC.Nature isWarning D.Secret ofIce AvalanchesDInover25years,DeSimone hasspun hisresearch findingsinto commercialgold bylaunchingseveral businesses.As afaculty memberattheUniversity ofNorth Cai，olina,heprovided scientificadvice andheld equityinthebusinesses.But hehas neveractuallymanaged hiscompanies.His employersbar himfrom simultaneouslyholding anacademic postandan executiveposition.The dualroles canpresent hugeconflicts.Conflicts of interestCOIsoccur whenan individuals personalinterests一family,friendships,financial,or socialfactors一could compromisehis orher judgment,decisions,or actionsintheworkplace,and itmakes soundcareer sensetothinkabout howto managethem.Researchers shoulddisclose potentialor existingconflicts acrossall aspectsofacademic life.In mostplaces,COI managementruns onan honorsystem.Researchers decidewhichfinancial holdingsand relationshipsto discloseto universityadministrators.Journals andfundersadopt asimilar systemwhen theyask authorsand peerreviewers aboutpotentialconflicts relatedto manuscriptor grantapprovals.Most researchinstitutions offertraining tohelp facultymembers tounderstand whatconstitutesa potentialor existingconflict.Administrators thendecide whethertheinterest presentsa conflict,and whetherthat conflictcan behandled.If so,they createamanagement planto addressit.If not,researchers mustabandon thework,partner withresearchers atotherinstitutions,or leavetheir university.Perception playsa partin defininga potential conflict,warns Walt,a chemistat TuftsUniversity.Investigators whodevelop atechnology inthe laboratoryand thentransfer ittotheir companycould createa conflictofinterestintheeyes oftheir students,Waltsays.But thepotentialconflictcan beavoided bydrafting alicensing agreementthat barsdiscoveriesfrom automaticallybeing transferredtotheinvestigator，s company.Walt createdsuchan arrangementto assurehis studentsthat theyweren，t actuallyworking forhis privatecompanies.Relationships canpose conflictswhen conferenceorganizers arechoosing speakers.Members ofthe AmericanSociety forHuman Geneticsprogram committee,which selectsabstractsand talksfor theirannual meeting,must recuse（要求回避）themselves fromconsideringtalks by,for example,researchersattheir currentand pastinstitutions,closecollaborators andthose withwhom theyhave personalor familialties.Even differingpoints ofview canplay apart.Scacheri,a geneticistwho chairsthecommittee,says thatmembers whohave disagreedpersonally withpotential speakersmightalso beobliged torecuse themselves:〃If youfeel likeyou cantbe animpartial（公正的）reviewer,that isconsidered a COI.〃Handling COIs canbeburdensome*COI managersemphasize thatthegoalis notto suppressinnovation,but toexpose potentialconflicts sothat theycanbemanaged.“Nothing abouttheprocess ismeant tobe prohibitive,“says Grewal,aCOIofficer atMIT.Her institutionwantsto enablegood scienceandthebetterment ofhumanity.44During thatprocess,“she says,“ifyoumake somemoney,that sgood aswell.”
30.The exampleof DeSimoneinParagraph1is usedmainly to.A.raise aquestion B.report afindingC.introduce atopic D.present atheory
31.To betterdeal withCOIs,.A.researchers haveto quittheir jobattheuniversityB.researchers shouldreport theconflicts thatpossibly existC.institutions needto monitorthe staffscareer andrelationshipsA.institutions shouldtrain researchersto createmanagement plans
32.What canwelearn fromthe passageA.Grewal considersCOI managementexhausting andcostly.B.Walt arrangedto transferdiscoveries athis labto hiscompanies.C.Conference organizersshould avoidinviting unqualifiedspeakers.D.Scacheri believespersonal viewpointsmay impacta reviewer9s decision.
33.What canweinfer fromthe passageA.COIs canbe defineddepending oninterpretations.B.COIs benefitscientific innovationand betterhumanity.C.COIs ariseprimarily duetothepursuitoffinancial gains.D.COIscanbe gotrid ofby promotingfairness inworkplaces.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项How muchtime doyou spenddoing researchbefore youmake adecision Thereare peoplewhogo overevery detailexhaustively beforemaking achoice.35Psychologists callthisway ofthinking acognitive bias（偏见）,a tendencytoward aspecific mentalmistake.To studyjumping”,we examineddecision-making patternsamong morethan600peoplefrom thegeneral population.We foundthat jumpersmade moreerrors thannon-jumpers onproblemsthat requirethoughtful analysis.36In aquiz aboutUS civics,they overestimatedthechance thattheir answerswere rightsignificantly morethan otherparticipants did一even whentheir answerswere wrong.So whatis behindjumping Psychologicalresearchers commonlydistinguish betweentwopathways ofthought:automatic system,which reflectsideas thatcome tothe mindeasily,spontaneously andwithout effort,and controlledsystem includingconscious andeffortfulreasoning.Jumpers andnonjumpers areequally。
个人认证
优秀文档
获得点赞 0
