新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义语法一名词

高考高频语法复习

一、名词对应学生用书PI58在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式•全国卷1•2019I Inrecent yearssome Inuitpeople inNunavut havereported increasesin bearsightingsaround humansettlements,leading toa believethat populationsare increasing.2・2019•全国卷IIIWhen theywere freefrom work,they invitedus tolocal eventsand letus knowofan interestingpeteto watch,together withthe storybehind it.3•2019-itlf xLOther Americanstudies showednoconnect betweenuniforms andschoolperformance.•全国卷42018I Twoof theauthors ofthe reviewalso madea studypublished in2014thatshowed amere fiveto10minutes aday ofrunning reducedthe riskof heartdisease andearly deathsfromallcause.•全国卷5•2018II Thisswitch hasdecreasedpollute inthe country*s majorlakes andreservoirsand madedrinking watersafer forpeople.•全国卷6•2018asciencewho studiesanimals suchas apesand monkeys.［答案与解析］考查名词根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故1-beliefo填beliefo考查名词由空格前的不定冠词与空格后的不定式可以确定空格处2-petitiono anto watch应该填名词形式故填petitiono考查名词句意其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没3•connection/connections有联系是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式no connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式故填connection/connections此处是可数名词，意为“原因”，句中的表示“所有“，后应用可数4-causes causeall名词的复数形式考查名词此处应填的名词形式做宾语5-pollutiono pollute6-scientisto根据空前的a可知，空处应填名词，意为“科学家”对应学生用书P158名词是表示人、事物或抽象概念的词历年高考试题对名词的单独考查着重在其复数和所有格这两点上7・名词的复数形式英语中的可数名词在运用中只要大于，就要用复数形式如“一个半小时”，要说1ne and a half，两小时为英语名词由单数变复数容易掌握同学们都比较hours=an hourandahalf twohourso熟悉为方便大家复习，现将有关规则列表如下类别构成方式例词规则变化形式book-books；mapmaps；boatf boats；lake-flakes；pigf pigs；field-fields；一般在词尾加Spen-pens；machinef machines；table-stables在以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后，加esbus-abuses；fbx-foxes；brush-brushes；approach-*^approaches在以或结尾的名词后，改或为f fef fehalffhalves；thief—thieves；self-selves；vesleaf-^leaves；life-olives；knife-knives在以辅音字母+结尾的名词后，加heroheroes；echo—echoes；potatofpotatoes；tomato—tomatoesesstomachf stomachs；chief-*chiefs；roof-*roofs；proof-*proofs；belieff beliefs；有少数词与以上规则相背，需熟记radio-radios；photof photos；piano—pianos不规则变化形式变内部元音fbot-feet；goosef geese；man^men；woman-women；toothteeth；mousef mice词尾加或en renox-oxen；child-*children单复同形单数复数deer deerfish fishaircraft aircraftseriesseries sheepsheep speciesspecies一词二变pennyf pennies；pennyf pencebacteriumf bacteria；外来词phenomenon-phenomena.名词所有格2构成方式例词不以结尾的名词，不论单数还是复数，一律加sJacks email;childrens booksS以S结尾的复数名词，加1the girlsdormitory;the teachersreading roomour boss1car=ourboss*s carEngels*works=以结尾的单数名词，加，或，s SEngels*s works。