高考英语一轮复习模块三千变万化的动词第4讲动词的时态语态和主谓一致讲义教案

模块三千变万化的动词第4讲动词的时态、语态和主谓一致I.语法填空

1.2020•全国I卷It meansmeanwe havethe chanceto obtaininformation abouthowthe moonis constructedconstruct.

2.2020•全国H卷Thisis whydecorating withplants,fruits andflowers carriescarryspecial significance.

3.2020•全国HI卷The artistwas surehe wouldbe chosenchoose,but whenhe presentedhismasterpiece to the emperorschief minister,the oldman laughed.

4.2020•全国III卷They smiledand pointedpointdown theriver.

5.2019•全国卷HI loveing hereand seeingmy familyand allthe friendsI havemademakeover theyears.

6.2019•江苏高考The musicianalong withhis bandmembers hasgivengive tenperformancesin thelast threemonths.

7.2018•北京高考A rescueworker riskedhis lifesaving twotourists whohad beentrappedtrapin themountains fortwo days.I.语法填空四谨记

1.明晰高考考查类型动词的时态和语态题，大致可分为以下3种类型一是题干中提供时间状语，考生可直接根据所给的时间状语作出答案二是提供的时间状语有较强的干扰性和迷惑性，考生不能直接据此进行答题三是题干中不提供任何时间状语、而是给出一个上下文情景或一个结构较为复杂的句子，考生必须仔细分析语境，才能作出最佳答案2掌握独特的时间状语标志/看至II a力侬ys,often,seldom,sometimes,usually等要想到用一般现在时；2看到yes ter血y,last night,a fewdays ago,the otherday等要想到用一般过去时；3看到since,so far,up tonow,in thelast/past few years等要想到用现在完成时注意如果题干中没有时间标志词，而是有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，这时我们应该将两个动词动作发生的时间进行比较，依据动词发生的时间先后，确定正确的时态3,熟记固定句型中的时态意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数⑴集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式常见的集体名词有family,class,team,group,public,mittee,government,audience等XHis audienceconsists mainlyof youngpeople.^The audiencewere clappingfor overten minutes.2“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all,some,half,most,the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义^Twothirds of the peoplepresent areagainst theplan.XThe majorityof thedamage iseasy torepair.3“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式^The oldare more likely tocatch coldthan theyoung.⑷表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式^KFour thousanddollars isquite a lot ofmoney fora boy.

3.就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数1由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接的词语作主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致^Either youor Paulis responsiblefor thisthing.XNot onlyyou butalso yoursister islovely.⑵由there,here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致^There aretwenty boystudents and twentythreegirlstudents in the class.^Here is a pen,a fewenvelops andsome paperfor you.【小题快练】•单句语法填空

①Three fourthsof thesurface of the earthis coveredcoverwithwater.

②What theywant toget arebea numberof goodbooks.©Neither myparents normy eldersister likeslikerunning.

④My fatheras wellas hisworkmates has beenbe toBeijing.

⑤Ten dollarsis beenoughfor thisbook.China plansto releaseone ortwo giant pandas into the wild.So farthe spot

1.selectin eastChina sJiangxi province.It will be the first timeto releasea giantpanda intothewild outsidesouthwest China s Sichuan Province,

2.13pandas hadbeen releasedbythe end of last year.An expertmeeting washeld inJiangxi,where itwas decidedthat pandaswould betransportedfrom Sichuan.Then theywill bereleased intothe JiangxiGuanshan NationalNatureReserve.The naturereserve

3.have amild climateand aquite goodecosystem,with abundantbamboo

4.resource andlittle humaninterference,which isgood forgiantpandas toreproduce.Researchers also

5.brief introducedthe researchmethod toexperts.The methodincludes

6.giantpandareintroduction program.Thereintroduction programrefers to

7.release captivebred圈养繁殖的pandas totheirpast distributionareas.They willlive in these areasafter wildtraining

8.rebuildthe wild population.Researchers willobtain

9.value data.And thedata showshow pandasadapttotheenvironment andclimate after they stayat thewild habitats.The programhas highresearch valuefor studyingsome problems.Why didpandas dieout in theirhistorical distributionareas Howdid climatechanges influencethe currentpandapopulation Theprogram willalso helpexpand thedistribution range

10.giant pandas.Besides,it canreduce theextinction risksof theirwildpopulation.

1.【解析】has beenselectedo考查时态和语态该句主语the spot是第三人称单数，和谓语动词select是被动关系，再根据时间状语so far可知，此处用现在完成时的被动语态,故填hasbeen selectedo

2.【解析】whereo考查定语从句先行词为“China sSichuanProvince”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故填whereo

3.【解析】has考查主谓一致本句主语“reserve”是第三人称单数，且这里是陈述客观事实，所以用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式故填has

4.【解析】resourceso考查名词单复数resource是可数名词，此处用复数形式故填resourceso

5.【解析】brieflyo考查副词空后为introduced,根据副词修饰动词，应用副词形式brieflyo故填brieflyo

6.【解析】a考查冠词根据句意“这个研究方法包含一个大熊猫再引进计划”，表示“一个o用不定冠词，名词giant以辅音音素开头，故填a

7.【解析】releasingo考查非谓语动词根据refer tosth.”中“to”为介词，其后用v.ing形式作宾语故填releasing

8.【解析】to rebuildo考查非谓语动词这里是用动词不定式表示目的故填to rebuild

9.【解析】valuable考查形容词此处data是名词，这里应该用形容词修饰它，故填valuableoo

10.【解析】of考查介词range意为“范围，种类”，常与“of”连用故填of

11.短文改错Senior Threestudent willface thequestion afterthey pass by thecollege entranceexamination.Should Ichoose a good majorand a good university”Some studentspreferto considermajors firstso that they canlearn which they are interested in.It willalsomake itpossible forthem taketheir favoritejobs in the future.However,those whothinkdifferently believesthat theenvironment isimportant toone sdevelopment.They alsobelievethat studentsgraduated fromleading universitiesare oftenmorelikelyto findgoodjobs.In myopinion,a bestchoice isto choosea goodmajor atagooduniversity.But if they can t obtainboth,the firstthing toconsider wasagoodmajor.Because nomatterwhere they study,we canstill achievea lotin acertain fieldif theytry theirbest.答案

1.【解析】第一句student改为students考查可数名词单复数根据从句aftertheypass...中的they可知，Senior Threestudent应该是复数形式故student改为studentSo

2.【解析】第一句去掉介词by考查固定短语短语pass theexam“通过考试”，不需耍介词by;passby意思为“经过”故去掉by

3.【解析】第二句and改为or考查连词根据句意，此处应该用连词or,意思为“或者”，表示选择关系故and改为or

4.【解析】第三句which改为what考查宾语从句引导词“whichtheyareinterestedin”是o宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导宾语从句，意思为“……事情/东西”，在从句中作宾语故which改为what

5.【解析】第四句take前加too考查非谓语动词句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语应是不定式短语to taketheir favoritejobs in the future故take前力口to

6.【解析】第五句believes改为believe考查主谓一致句子的主语those是复数意义，谓语动词believes的单复数应与those一致故believes改为believe

7.【解析】第六句graduated改为graduating考查非谓语动词分析句子结构，graduated fromleadinguniversities^在句中作定语；主语students和graduate之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应该用现在分词短语作后置定语故graduated改为graduating

8.【解析】第七句第一个a改为the考查冠词best是形容词的最高级形式，前面应该用定冠词the故第一个a改为the

9.【解析】第八句was改为is考查时态整篇文章叙述的是现在的情况，是一般现在时，此处也应该相应地用一般现在时故was改为is

10.【解析】第九句we改为they考查代词根据上下文中的they cant obtainboth...no matterwheretheystudy和iftheytry theirbest可知，此处we也应相应地用代词they故we改o为theyIII.写作运用补全下面写作，注意动词的运用Hello,everyone!I wouldlike toshare withyou myfirst travelabroad.

1.Last summervacation,I,together withseveral classmates,took partin anexchange programwithan Americanschool.（去年暑假，我和几个同学一起参加了与一所美国学校的交流项目）Duringour visit,we stayedin hostfamilies,which gaveus anopportunity to learn aboutAmericansociety.The mainpart ofour programwas toexperience theschool life.

2.pared withChinesestudents,Ameeicsn studentssru moreopen andactive.（与中国学生相比，美国学生更加开放和活跃）Besides,they haveless homeworkand fewerexams.

3.But wealsohave a10tinmon,like beingcrazy aboutNBA.（但我们也有很多共同点，比如对NBA的狂热）When thevisit wasover,1made friendswith someAmerican students,who beeveryinterested inChinese culture.

（3）祈使句为〃/储述句，陈述句常用一般将来时

4.分清主动被动，辨析语态看到动词为及物动词，后面缺少宾语要想到用被动语态II.短文改错

1.（2020•全国II卷）Actually,I starttolearnkung fuwhen Iwas sevenyears old.（startf started）

2.（2020•全国III卷）My daddon tlike thesoup and I don t enjoyapples.（第一个dont改为doesn,t）

3.（2019•全国卷H）And theother isthat Iwanted tohelp peoplein need,（is改为was）

4.（2019•全国卷HI）Though itmay appearsimple,it requiredalotof ideasand efforts.（required改为requires）

5.（2018•全国卷H）Still Iunwilling toplay thegame withthem sometimes.（在I后加was）

6.（2018•全国卷I）During mylast winterholiday,I wenttothecountryside withmyfather tovisit mygrandparents.I finda bigchange there,（find改为found）II.短文改错三定法

1.明晰常见错误类型谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有吩般现在时与一般过去时错用；

②印前后动词时态不一致；

③主谓不一致；少动词，特别是曲动词；8第三人称单数形式错用；@主动语态和被动语态错用

2.“六根据”定时态、语态（/）根据语篇和上下文整体把握时态；

（2）根据时间状语判断时态；

（3）根据连词连接成分的对称原则辨清时态；3根据主句谓语识别从句时态在复合句中，主句用一般现在时，从句可根据需要用各种时态；主句用一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态；⑸根据固定句式要求改正时态；

（6）根据主动被动辨析语态3“四看”定谓语单复数⑺看主语为第

一、二人称还是第三人称，确定谓语动词形式；2看到主语为动名词短语/打A不定式或从句，要想到谓语应为第三人称单数形式；3看到“分数不分数打/名词”作主语，要想到谓语的数取决于名词；4看到仍ue励等结构，要想到就近一致原则I考点1〉一般时态

1.一般现在时do/does;is/am/are⑴表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态常与表示习惯的副词词组always,everytime,now andthen,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,usually,every day/night等连用⑵按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时只限于go,arrive,leave,start,stay,return,begin,e等动词⑶普遍真理4用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来^The earthgoes roundthe Sunonce ayear.※曲plays basketballevery day.X2020•江苏高考If youlook atall sidesofthe situation,you11find probablya solutionthatsuits everyone.^The filmstarts attwo oclock.

2.一般过去时did;was/were1表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况⑵表示过去习惯性动作【点津】would/used to do:表示过去常常做※呢used togo thereevery year.※怩often playedtogether whenwe werechildren.一Haven tseen youfor ages!Where haveyou been一I wentto Ningxiaand stayedthere forone year,teaching asa volunteer.【小题快练】•单句语法填空©Every fewyears,the coalworkers havehavetheirlungs Xrayedto ensuretheir health.

②The realreason whyprices werebe,and stillare,too highis plex,and noshortdiscussion cansatisfactorily explainthis problem.

③Playing footballnot onlymakes usgrow uptall andstrong butalso givesgiveus asense of fairplay andteam spirit.©It has been along timesince wemet meetin Chinalast time.唐融进行时态

1.现在进行时am/is/are doing⑴表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行2表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用的这类动词有go,e,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,have,wear等3表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶等常与always,constantly,continually等副词连用※尼is listeningto atape,but hecanthear itclearly.※卜匕is leavingtomorrow toplay hisfirst match.※收are alwaysfinding newbeauties inShakespeare spoetry.

2.过去进行时was/were doing1表示在过去具体的时间正在发生的动作或者表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at thattime,at thatmoment,at this time yesterday,at tenoclock yesterday等连用⑵过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义⑶过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩※匕were playingfootball atthis timeyesterday afternoon.2018•北京高考Susan hadquit herwellpaid joband wasworking asa volunteerin theneighborhoodwhen Ivisited herlastyear.^She wasalways arguingwith himand fightingwith him.

3.将来进行时will/shall bedoing表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要从将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作常见的标志性的时间状语有this timetomorrow,from1:30p.m.to4:30p.m.,the dayaftertomorrow等如XI willbe discussingthesituationwith colleaguesthistimetomorrow.【小题快练】•单句语法填空

①I’11go tothe libraryas soonas Ifinish whatI amdoingdo.

②The managerwas worriedabout thepress conferencehis assistantwas givinggiveinhis placebut,luckily,everything wasgoing onsmoothly.

③What willyoube doingdothistime tomorrowI考点3〉将来时态

1.一般将来时will/shall do1“shall/will+动词原形表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态“wiH+动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定2“be going to+动词原形”表示

①现在打算或计划将来要做的事情；

②表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事情3“be to+动词原形”表示

①预先安排好的计划或约定；

②表示说话人的意志、意图、义务、命令等；

③表示注定要发生的事情4“be aboutto+动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用※■匕shall bepunished ifwe breakthe rule.※卜卜daughter sgoingtowork nextyear.^They areto attemptto bethe firstto circlethe Earthnonstop byballoon.you kindlyobey theinstructions Iam aboutto give

2.过去将来时过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句中XThey saidthey wouldgive thepolice theirfull cooperation.【点津】除“should/would+动词原形”外第一人称通常用should,其他人称通常用would,过去将来时还有以下常见表达方式was/were goingto do,was/were abouttodo,was/were todo,但是表示过去的某种习惯性动作时，常用would do/used todohad afeeling youwere goingto bedifficult aboutthis.※此was aboutto offeran explanation,but shewas beginningto laugh.【小题快练】•单句语法填空

①一What timeis it一I haveno idea.But justa minute,I willcheckcheck itfor you.

②If itdoesn,t raintomorrow,the sportsmeet will,be heldholdintheplaygroundof ourschool.3You promisedyou wouldkeepkeepus safe.唐点心完成时态

1.现在完成时have/has done1表示发生在过去而对现在仍有影响的动作，常用的时间状语already,just,yet,never,before,lately,recently,inthelast past fewyears,up tonow,so far等⑵表示从过去某时开始而延续至今的动作或状态，常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用⑶在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时间前已完成的动作4This/It is the first/second...time+that从句，that从句中谓语要用现在完成时5It This isthebest worst,most interesting等+名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用现在完成时X2018•北京高考Chinashighspeed railwayshave grownfrom9,000to25,000kilometersin thepastfewyears.X2020•天津高考The numberof medicalschools reached18intheearly1990sandhasremained aroundthat levelsince.won tpay youuntil youhave finishedthis job.XThis isthe firsttime Ihave leftmy countryand setfoot onforeign soil.

2.过去完成时had done⑴表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去⑵表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语by then,bythat time,by theendof,by thetime+句子等3表示“愿望、打算”的动词如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,intend用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划⑷在^hardlyscarcely...when...v,“no sooner...than...”句型中,主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……”^By thattime,I hadalready madethe decisionto leave.2019•天津高考I hadhoped tosend Petera giftto congratulatehim onhis marriage,but Icouldn tmanage it.＞^We hadno soonerhad supperthan webegan torepair themachine.M5＞完成进行时现在完成进行时have/hasbeendoing⑴表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在并且还要继续下去的动作※“匕have beenwaiting forhim fortwo hours.⑵表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作X2020•天津高考一You area greatswimmer.—Thanks.It sbecause Ihave beenpractising alot thesedays.【小题快练】•单句语法填空

①For manyyears,people havbeendreamingdreamof electriccars.However,making themhasbeen moredifficult thanpredicted.

②By thetime wearrived,everyone hadreceivedreceive medicalcare.32020•江苏高考Instead ofgetting downto anew taskas Ihad expectedexpect,heexamined theprevious workagain.

④Thisisthefirsttime mycousin hasadaptedadaptto hernew job.唐脑＞被动语态被动语态的构成为“be+过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态，除be外被动语态的构成形式还有get/bee+过去分词只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态常考的不及物动词或短语last,cost,spread,happen to,take place,belong to,break out,go out,run out,work outo

1.被动语态的构成以do为例时体现在过去将来过去将来is/am/was/were will/shall一股would/should bedoneare donedone bedoneis/am/are was/were进行being donebeing donewill/shallhave/has hadbeen完成would/should have been donehavebeenbeen donedonedone

2.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题1主动变为被动时双宾语的变化XThe reportersasked the president some questions.fThe presidentwas askedsomequestionsby thereporters.fSome questionswere askedthepresidentby thereporters.⑵主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作补语的不定式前需加t位置不变^1heard himsay goodbyeto hisfriends.fHe washeard tosay goodbyeto hisfriends.⑶短语动词变被动语态时，勿掉“尾巴”XThis dictionarymust be taken goodcare of.4情态动词,be goingto,be to,be sureto等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”XThis bookmay notbetakenout ofthe readingroom.5get+过去分词构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等XThey getpaid twiceas muchas Ido,but thejob isexactly thesame asmine.matter howwell youknow Paris,it iseasy toget lost.

3.主动形式表示被动含义1表示感受、感官的系动词如feel,sound,taste,look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义，借指其本身具有的属性、特征等2当sell,read,draw,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn等不及物动词后带状语well/easily等修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义^The musicisn tpleasant tolisten to.^This kindof radiodoesn tsell well.【小题快练】•单句语法填空©After gettinglost ina storm,a memberofthenavy teamwas rescuedrescuefourdayslater.

②Entire villageshavebeenwashedwashaway.Roads andbridges havebeen destroyedandcrops ruined.

③The churchtower whichis beingrestoredrestore willbe opento touristssoon.The workis almostfinished.©My penwriteswrite smoothly.5In thenear future,more advancesintherobot technologywillbemademake byscientists.

⑥This clothfeelsfeelmuch softerthan thatone.西点»主谓一致

1.语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数⑴动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数^Serving thepeople ismy greathappiness.^Whether we11go dependson theweather.【点津】what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式XWhat liesattheroot ofhis troublesisasenseofinsecurity.^What theschool needsare qualifiedteachers.2主语后有with,together with,along with,except,besides,as wellas等单词或短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致派2019•天津高考Amy,as wellas herbrothers,was givena warmwele whenreturning tothevillage lastweek.3and,both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物，谓语动词用单数形式^Both youandIare students.XThe singerand danceris saidto performin ourschool onMay Day.⑷定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致^He isone ofthe menwho werechosen torepresent thegroup.^He isthe onlyone ofthose boyswho iswilling totake onanother assignment.

2.意义一致原则。