重难语言知识之链接动词解析版-备战2022年高考英语热点材料重点题型突破

备战年高考英语热点材料重点题型突破2022重难语言知识之链接动词08【重点提示】英语中，人们常把appear,seem,fail,happen,tend,turn out等动词和不定式符号一起叫做链接动词catenative verbs,把链接动词和动词不定式连用这种结构叫做链接动词结构例如He seemed to know the answerto thequestion.I happened to meethim in the streetyesterday afternoon.在这两个句子中，和都是链接动词，和叩则都是链接动词seemed tohappened toseemedto know hpenedtomeet结构L链接动词结构是一个不可分割的整体，是整个句子的谓语部分我们把等动词和不定式连在一seem,happen起，看作整个句子的谓语部分是由含链接动词结构句子的自身特点所决定的下面我们来看一个英语句子Sam appeared to realize the importance of the matter.在分析这个句子时，如果我们把和切分成两个部分，将看作谓语动词，将看appeared to realize appearedto realize作另一个语法成分，这样的语法成分就说不清楚了，因为它不可能是谓语动词的宾语，不可能是修饰谓语t realize动词的状语，也不可能是主语补足语但是，如果把这个不可分割的整体看作是句子的谓语，把appearedto realize看成是该谓语的宾语，这样问题便迎刃而解了the importanceof the matter

2.构成链接动词结构中的主要动词必须带上动词不定式，句子的意思才完整例如John seemedto be coming.Sam happened to fall.这两个句子语法上的主语是和但我们不能用通常的方法问因为这两个句John Sam,“Who seemed”“Who happened子中的意思都不完整这两个问句应该分别接和即seemed,happened to becomingto fall,“Who seemedto becoming”这就是说，链接动词结构中的主要动词，只是句子谓语的一部分，该动词单独不能作句子的“Who happenedto fall”谓语

3.把含链接动词结构的句子变成疑问句和否定句时，其操作词是do,例如Sam failed torealizethe importanceof thematter.这个句子的疑问句和否定句分别是Did Samfail torealizethe importanceof the matterSamdidnt failtorealizetheimportanceof thematter.上述句子的被动结构为可知，此处指成长，与是并The importanceof thematter failedto berealized bySam.from a child anadultdevelopment列成分，应用名词故填growth growth考查介词句意青春期是一个成长和发展的时期，因为你从一个孩子变成了一个成年人根据句意可知，此处

23.是固定搭配此.“从到故填m…to..too考查动词句意这也是一个自我发现的时期，因为你要为自己的决定和行动承担更多的责任根据

24.more可知，此处指为自己的决定和行动承担更多的责任，应用动词由语responsibility for your decisions and actionsassume,境可知，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时故填assume考查形容词句意如果你环顾四周，你可能会发现你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法一他们清楚地看到自己，

25.充分意识到自己的优点和缺点，而其他人往往过于关注自己的缺点，而忽略了自己的优点根据语境可知，此处指你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法，应用形容词修饰名词故填favorable,view favorable考查名词句意如果你环顾四周，你可能会发现你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法——他们清楚地看到自

26.己，充分意识到自己的优点和缺点，而其他人往往过于关注自己的缺点，而忽略了自己的优点根据语境可知，此处指自己的优点，与对应，应用名词复数形式故填weaknesses strengths考查动词句意如果你环顾四周，你可能会发现你的一些朋友对自己有相当好的看法——他们清楚地看到自

27.己，充分意识到自己的优点和缺点，而其他人往往过于关注自己的缺点，而忽略了自己的优点根据while otherstend可知，此处指其他人往往忽略了自己的优点，应用动词与是逻辑主谓to focustoo heavilyon theirfaults overlook,others关系，应用现在分词作状语，表主动故填verlooking考查动词句意如果你有较高的自尊心，你在处理你想做的事情时就会更自信，不太可能受影响去做你不愿做

28.的事情根据语境可知，此处指处理你想做的事情，应用动词与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词,handle,you表主动,和一起构成时间状语故填when handling考查比较级句意如果你有较高的自尊心，你在处理你想做的事情时就会更自信，较少可能受影响去做你不

29.愿做的事情根据可知，此处指较少可能受影响去做你不愿做的事情，应用“较少可能be moreconfident lesslikely故填less考查动词句意此外，高自尊也增加了你面对挑战时坚持不懈的可能性，这可能有助于你走向成功根据句

30.意及所给句子可知，此处是固定短语“面对故填be facedwith faced考查定语从句句意此外，高自尊也增加了你面对挑战时坚持不懈的可能性，这可能有助于你走向成功根据

31.句意及所给句子可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面整句话的内容，作主语，应用关系代词引导which故填which令一关注有礼学科网中小学资源库扫码关注可免费领取套教学模版180PPT令海量教育资源一触即达令新鲜活动资讯即时上线在被动结构中，链接动词不象主要动词，而象情态动词failedto

4.含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成被动结构，但这并不是说所有含链接动词结构的句子都有其相应的被动结构形式，有些含链接动词结构的句子是没有相应的被动结构形式的例如The writermanaged tofinish his book withintwo years.The playertends to pitch theball toohigh.这两个句子中和都是链接动词结构,但这两个句子都没有相应被动结构形式managed tofinish tendstopitch含链接动词结构中的句子能否转换成被动结构，与这种结构中的第一个动词有关一般说来，如果该动词的动作受句子主语支配，含由这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子不能转换成被动结构；如果该动词的动作不受句子主语的支配，含这种动词组成的链接动词结构的句子可以转换成被动结构上述两例中的和的动作分别受managed tends句子的主语和的支配，故这两个句子不能被转换成被动结构请再看下面两个句子the writerthe playerHelengot toknowthe truth of thematter.Helen happenedtoknowthetruth of thematter.这两个句子都是含链接动词结构的句子，但第一个句子中的受主语的支配，故没有相应的被动结构；第got Helen二个句子中的不受主语的支配，故该句子可以被转换成被动结构happened HelenThetruthof thematterhappenedto be knownby Helen.

5.有些含链接动词结构的句子可以被转换成如It seems/appears that...”一样的结构例如一She seemsto havebeen to many countriesIt seemsthat shehas beentomanycountries.The newsturned outtobetrue.—It turnedout that the newswas true.They happenedto hearher singing in the next room.—It happenedthat theyheard hersingingin thenextroom.但并非所有含链接动词结构的句子都可以被转换成上述结构例如就不能转换成上“He managedto getthe chance.”述结构【重点突破】

一、阅读选择1How aboutchanging yourbody languageand facialexpressions,depending onthe backgroundof theperson infront ofyouWould you sit or stand differently and pay attention to your hand gesturesThese arejust ahandful of the smallchanges inbehaviour thatcan contributeto whatis knownas your cultural，intelligence orCQ-and thereis growingevidence thatsuggests theyare wellworth learning.（简历），“The numberone predictorof yoursuccess intodays borderlessworld isnot yourIQ,not yourresume and noteven yourprofessional skills/9writes socialscientist David Livermore in his bookThe CulturalIntelligence Difference.46It9syour CQ.”Much ofthe researchon CQhas beendone bySoon Ang,a professorof managementat NanyangTechnological Universityin Singapore.In thelate1990s,her jobwas updatingcomputer systemsinSingaporeto dealwith asoftware problemthat wouldpossiblybring downthe worldscomputer networks.Ang puttogether aninternational teamof programmersto solvetheproblem.They weresome ofthe brightestminds in the business,yet shesoon foundthat theyjust couldntwork together.Theprogrammer failedto worktogether effectively.Often,the memberswould appear to agreeon asolution,but thencarry itout incompletelydifferent ways.Clearly,it wasnta questionof expertiseor motivation.Instead,she sawthat thesehighly giftedemployees werestumblingover each others cultural differences,leading toa breakdownin communicationand understanding.These insightswould leadAng toteam upwith theorganizational psychologistP.Christopher Earley.Together theybuilt acomprehensivetheory ofCQ,which theydescribed as“the capability to functioneffectively in a varietyof culturalcontexts”.一Typically CQis measuredthrough aseries ofquestions that assess fourdistinct components.The firstis“CQ Drive^^themotivation tolearn aboutother cultures.Then thereis CQKnowledge”,which isan understandingof someofthegeneralcultural differencesyou mayface.CQ Strategy”,examines howyou makesense ofthose difficultconfrontation andlearn from，them whileCQ Actioninvolves yourbehavioral flexibility-whether youare ableto adaptyour conductflexibly.

1.Whats thefunction ofthe firstparagraphA.To introducewhat CQis.B.To explainwhy peopleneed CQ.C.To showhow toimprove CQ.D.To encouragepeople to make changes.

2.What doesDavid Livermorethink ofCQA.Its ananti-traditional element.B.Its decisivefor onessuccess.C.Its impractical.D.Its nodifferent fromIQ.

3.Why didthe programmerswork inefficientlyA.They spokedifferent languages.B.Some ofthem werenot experts.C.They lackedpassion forteamwork.D.They hadbarriers formutual understanding.

4.What wouldbe the best titlefor thepassageA.How CQworksB.CQ determinessuccessC.IQ orCQD.How tomeasure CQ【答案】ABDB【解析】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了什么是“文化智力（）”以及其对成功的重要作用CQ推理判断题根据第——段

1.How aboutchanging yourbody languageand facialexpressions,depending onthe background（何根据你面前oftheperson infront ofyou Wouldyousitorstanddifferentlyandpayattentiontoyourhandgestures$□人的背景来改变你的肢体语言和面部表情呢？你会用不同的姿势坐着或站着，注意你的手势吗？）”以及第二段“These arejust ahandful ofthe smallchanges inbehaviour thatcan contributeto whatis knownas yourcultural intelligence”,or（这些只是一小部分行为上的小变化，它们会CQ-and thereis growingevidence thatsuggests theyare wellworth learning.影响你所谓的“文化智力”（）而且越来越多的证据表明，它们非常值得学习）”可知，这篇文章的重点是告诉CQ,我们行为上的微小变化可能会影响你的文化智商，故可推知，第一段的作用是介绍什么是文化智力故选A推理判断题根据第三段

2.“The numberone predictorof yoursuccess intodays borderlessworld isnot yourIQ,not yourresume（简历），andnoteven yourprofessional skills/9writes socialscientist David Livermore inhisbookThe Cultural（社会科学家在他的《文化智力差异》一书中写道“在当今这Intelligence Difference.Ifs yourCQ.”DavidLivermore个无国界的世界，预测你能否成功的头号因素不是你的智商，不是你的简历，甚至不是你的专业技能而是你的文化智力”户可推知，认为文化智力对一个人的成功是决定性的故选DavidLivermoreB细节理解题根据第六段

3.“Clearly,it wasnta questionof expertiseor motivation.Instead,she sawthat thesehighly gifted』employees werestumbling overeach othersculturaldifferences,leading toa breakdownin communicationand understanding显然，这不是专业知识或动机的问题相反，她看到这些极具天赋的员工在彼此的文化差异上磕磕绊绊，导致沟通和理解的崩溃广可知，他们的工作效率低是因为他们在相互理解上存在障碍故选D主旨大意题根据第二段

4.“These arejust ahandful ofthe smallchanges inbehaviour thatcan contributeto whatis knownas，.（这些只是一小yourculturalintelligence orCQ-and thereis growingevidence thatsuggests theyare wellworth learning部分行为上的小变化，它们会影响你所谓的“文化智商”（）而且越来越多的证据表明，它们非常值得学习广结CQ,合文章主要说明了什么是“文化智力（）”以及其对成功的重要作用故选项“文化智力决定成功”最符合文CQ B章标题故选BThe Dogand theJoeyLeonie Allanlives in an areaof Australiawhere peopleoften findwildlife in their yards.One springmorning,Leonie tookherdog Rexfor awalk asusual.The walkwas casual,but Rexwas actingstrangely afterward.As Leonieworked inthe yard,Rexkept lookingdown onthe roadwhere theyhad taken their walk.Then hebegan standingvery still,with hisnose pointingtowardwhat hewanted Leonieto notice.（血统），Rex,a mixedbreed is part pointer”.Pointers aredogs thatnaturally standvery stilland pointwith theirentirebody inthe directionof wildlifethey seeor smell.They aretrained notto huntanimals butsimply to point towhere theyare.They areexcellent in tracking and finding animals.（调查）.Leonie becameworried whenRex leftto investigateShe thoughthe mighthave foundsomething dangerous.Shecalled the dog back.But whenRex returned,inhismouth hehad ajoey,a baby kangaroo aboutfour monthsold.Picking upananimal wasunusual behaviorfbr Rex,since hehadnt beentrained to do so.Leonie wassurprised thatRex hadtaken the joeygently by the neckand broughtit toher.The babyjoey didntappeartobe afraidat all.“He obviouslysensed thebabykangaroowas stillalive,“Leonie said,and somehowhad gentlytook itby theneck andbroughtit tome.^^（依偎）Rex andthejoey,which Leonienamed Rex Jr.,spent theafternoon playingtogether.The joey was snuggling upto him,jumping to him,and Rexwas sniffingand lickinghim-it wasquite sweet,“Leonie toldthe newspaperreporter.RexJr.was bottle-fed andraised ata wildlifesanctuary（庇护所）・Ayear anda halflater,he wasreleased backinto the一wild inan areawhere hecould bemonitored.Now RexJr.ispartof agroup ofkangaroos,living anormal kangaroolife thankstoRex,a gentledog thatknows howtopoint.

5.The“pointer“gets itsname becauseof itsabilityto.A.discover wildlifeB.be gentlewith wildlifeC.avoid dangeroussituations D.get alongwith otheranimals

6.When Rexwent toinvestigate,Leonie wasworried because.A.she thoughthe mightget lostB.she knewhe wastired afterthe walkC.she didnot wantto stopworking inher yardD.she didnot wantRex toput himselfin danger

7.Which wordbest describesRexs behaviourtoward thejoeyA.Sympathetic.B.Curious.C.Protective.D.Respectful.【答案】ADC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文文章主要讲述了一只狗救了一个袋鼠宝宝的故事推理判断题根据文章第二段

5.“They aretrained notto huntanimals butsimply topoint towhere theyare.They areexcellent.（它们接受的训|练不是猎杀动物，而只是指向它们所在的位置它们在追踪和发现动intrackingandfindinganimals物方面非常出色）”可知，指示犬往往在发现了猎物后将身体指向猎物，它们在追踪和发现动物方面非常出色从而推知，指示犬因其能够发现猎物而得名故选项A推理判断题根据文章第三段.（她认

6.She thoughthe mighthave foundsomething dangerous.She calledthedogback为他可能发现了什么危险的东西她把狗叫了回来户可推知，此处指去调查时，很担心，因为她不想让Rex Leonie置于危险之中故选项Rex D推理判断题通过文章第三段（轻轻地叼住了小袋鼠的脖子户以及倒数第二段

7.“takenthejoey gentlyby theneck“The（小袋鼠依偎着它，跳向它，则嗅joeywassnugglinguptohim,jumping tohim,and Rexwas sniffingand lickinghim Rex着它，舔着它广可推知，对小袋鼠十分关爱，时刻保护着它故选项Rex C3As ashort-distance track and fieldrunner athigh schooland college,I oftenfound myselfwondering whichoftheeight or（跑道）sometimes ninelanes onthe trackwas the fastest.It wasconventional wisdomthat the middle lanes—lanes threethrough six-were the best.This idea,inaway,is bakedinto therules oftrack and field.In eventswith multipleheats——from thecollege levelall the一way to the Olympicsthe peoplewho runfaster timesin earlierheats areassigned tomiddle lanesin laterheats.Tn otherwords,（分酉己）.the fastest runners arerewarded withwhat are,supposedly,better lane assignmentUsing20years oftrack and field datafrom theInternational Associationof AthleticsFederations,I foundthat the long-held（冲刺），beliefs about lane advantages are not supported bythe data.And infact,for the200-meter sprintthe evidencesuggeststhat lanesoften regardedas theleast desirableare actuallythe fastest.In mostraces,the fastestrunners areassigned to the middle lanes accordingtothecompetition rules.Not surprisingly,thefastest runners-who areinthemiddle lanes-often win.Are theseracers winningbecause thoselanes are the fastestor becausethoserunners tend tobethe fastestNexttime yourewatching anyoftheshorter trackandfieldevents inthe Olympics,listen andsee ifanyone repeatsthe oldadagethat themiddle lanes arethe fastest.The datashows thisisnt true,so ifsomeone inthe outsidelanes takesa surprisegold,（入围者）.youll knowit isnot becauseof theirlaneassignment,but becausethey werea slowqualifier

8.What was the traditionalbelief inthe trackandfieldlanesA.All lanes were thesame.B.The innerlanes were the best.C.The middle lanes werethebest.D.The outsidelaneswerethebest.

9.How didthe authorget hisfindingA.By referringto longterm data.B.By usingother researchresults.C.By watchingthe latestsprinters*competition.D.By experimentingwhich lanewasthe fastest.

10.What does the underlinedword“adage“probably meanin paragraph5A.Saying.B.Style.C.Package.D.Stage.

11.Which ofthe followingdoestheauthor approveofA.Losing racerstend tobe inthe slowestlane.B.Winning racerstend tobe inthefastestlane.C.Winning racersoften runfastest.D.Racers winbecause theirlanes arethefastest.【答案】CAAC【解析】本文是一篇议论文文章论述了作者对田径比赛中的跑道优势的新认识细节理解题根据第一段中的

8.It wasconventional wisdomthat themiddle lanes—lanes threethrough six—werethebest.（人们通常认为中间的跑道——号到号跑道——是最好的广可知，田径跑道的传统观念是中间跑道是最好的故36选C细节理解题根据第三段中的

9.Using20years oftrackandfield datafrom theInternational Associationof Athletics（利用国际田径联合会Federations,I foundthat thelong-held beliefsaboutlaneadvantagesarenotsupportedbythedata.20年的田径数据，我发现，长期以来关于跑道优势的观点并没有得到数据的支持户可知，作者通过参考长期数据得出了他的发现故选A词句猜测题根据第一段中的一一

10.It wasconventional wisdomthatthemiddlelaneslanes threethroughsixwere thebest.（人们通常认为中间的跑道----------3号到6号跑道-------是最好的）”及划线词后面的“themiddlelanesarethe（中间跑道是最快的户可推知，此处指传统或古老的说法由此推知，划线词与（谚语，格言，警句）意fastest saying思接近故选A推理判断题根据第二段中的

11.In otherwords,thefastestrunners arerewarded withwhat are,supposedly,better lane（分配）（换句话说，跑得最快的人会得到更好的跑道分配作为奖励广及第四段中的assignment.“Not surprisingly,the一一（毫不奇怪，跑得最快的人在中间的人往往会fastestrunnerswho areinthemiddlelanesoften win.获胜）“可推知，作者认为获奖选手是那些经常跑得最快的人故选C

二、语法填空1Last weekI wentto visitmy formerneighbor,Mr.Yang.He andI usedto

12.next toeachotherfor manyyears.About half（相似的）a yearago,an o

13.came thatthe oldbuilding,with manyother

14.ones,should bepulled downtomaker

15.for amain（定居）street.So wehad tomove apart.Mr.Yang has

16.inthesuburbs neara beautifulpark.His apartmentis much117,thanbefore.The onlyproblem isthat it

18.quite along time to gettothedowntown area.

19.,Mr.Yang doesntseem toworry about（总巨离）.thelong

20.He saysthatanew subwayline willbe builtinafew years,

21.means lifewill certainlybe moreconvenientinthefuture.【答案】

12.live

13.order

14.similar

15.room

16.settled

17.larger

18.takes

19.However

20.distance

21.which【解析】本文讲述了作者去拜访老邻居杨先生的故事和他现在的居住状况

12.根据上文可知，我们是老邻居，所以我们以前相邻住了很多年used todo“过去常常做.・・・・・，根据句意可知应该填live根据下文可知，拆迁的命令传来故此处应该用表示命令故填

13.order rder意为“相似的”，形容词修饰后面的故填

14.similar onessimilar根据句意可知，老的建筑物被拆除为了给一条主道让出空位是不可数名词，意为“空间”

15.room makeroom for.为让出空位故填sth room定居是根据上文的可知,此处用现在完成时,所以用过去分词故填

16.settle,has settledsettled根据后面的内容可推知，他现在的房子比以前的大得多，表示比较，所以用形容词的比较级，故填

17.larger这是一个固定句型,做某事花费时间这主语为用第三人称单数，故填

18.it takes...timetodo sth.”it,taketakeso上下文之间表示转折，虽然需要花费很长时间，但是他并不担心，故填

19.However意为距离长长的距离，故填

20.distance thelong distancedistanceo这是一个非限制性定语从句，代指上文整句话，并在从句中做主语他说几年后将会建一条新的地铁，这

21.which意味着将来的生活会更加的方便故填which2Adolescence isa time of

22.and developmentas youchange fromachild

23.an adult.It isalso atimeofself-discovery,asyou24,more responsibilityforyourdecisionsandactions.If youlook around,you mayfind someof yourfriends havea fairly

25.view ofthemselves——they seethemselves clearlyand arefully awareof their

26.and weaknesseswhile otherstendtofocustoo heavilyon theirfaults,

27.their goodpoints.If youhave high self-esteem,you willbe moreconfident when

28.the thingsyouwant todo and

29.likely tobe influencedtodothe thingsyou wouldrather notdo.Besides,highself-esteem alsoincreases thelikelihoodof perseverancewhen youare

30.with challenges,

31.may helppave yourway tosuccess.【答案】

22.growth

23.to

24.assume

25.favorable

26.strengths

27.overlooking

28.handling

29.less

30.faced

31.which【解析】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了青春期的一些心理变化考查名词句意青春期是一个成长和发展的时期，因为你从一个孩子变成了一个成年人根据

22.as youchange。