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文本内容:
动词时态与语态
（1）
一、动词的分类和形式动词是表示动作和状态的词动词有时态、语态和语气种形式的变化
3、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种
1、动词的种基本形式动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词
24、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词）实义31动词分为及物动词和不及物动词还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；）连系动词有两种一2种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程、五种不同的短语动词）“动词+介词”;）“动词+副词”；）“动词+副词+介词”;4123）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；）形容词（包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词乙45“be+
二、动词的时态、一般现在时的用法）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态）表示主112语的特征、性格和能力）表示客观事实或真理）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为（只34限于是等开始或移动意义的词）go,come,leave,start,stop,be、一般过去时的用法）表示过去的动作或状态）叙述过去连续发生的事情）表2123示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作、一般将来时的用法）表示将来的动作或状态）表示将来的经常动作
312、现在进行时的用法）表示说话时正在进行的动作）表示现阶段正在进行的动作412（说话时动作不一定进行）、过去进行进的用法）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作）表示移动512的动词等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作）come,start,stay,leave,go3was可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作going todo、现在完成时的用法）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与连用）表示过去发生而持61just2续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来常与连用，但不能与终止性的since,for for,since动词连用）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
3、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对71现在所产生的结果、影响一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具2体动作、过去完成的用法）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作常与等介81by,before词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时2间的动作，常和（有时可省去）或构成的短语或引导的从句连用for sincesince、过去将来时的用法表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态9语法复习八动词时态和语态练习
一、「5CCBCB6~10ABCAB1T15CBADA16~20BBDCD21~25DBBCA2630DBABD3135BAAAD3640CAAAB4145ACCAC4650ADBBB51〜52BC练习
二、53-55BAB56-60BDADC61-65DCDDB66-70ACCCA71-75DACCA76-80CABAB81-85CADCD86-90BBDBB91-94CCCC练习一动词时态与语态
（1）
1.When Isaw Mary,she onthe piano.A.is playingB.plays C.was playingD.played
2.She thedoor beforeshe goesaway.A.had lockedB.is lockingC.has locked.D.was locking.
3.A hunteris aman whoanimals.A.catch B.catches C.will catchD.was catching
4.What_____if Idrink thisA.happens B.is happeningC.will happen
5.I willvisit youif D.is happenedFatherme.A.let B.lets C.is lettingD.will let
6.Look out!That treefall down.A.is going to B.will beC.shall D.would
7.My uncle______to see me.He11be heresoon.A.comes B.is comingC.had comeD.came
8.They can，t leaveuntil theytheir work.A.did B.are doingC.have done D.has done
9.“Has heseen thisfilm”〃Yes.He itseveral daysago.A.saw B.has seenC.had seenD.was seeing
10.Now Mikeisn，t here.He________Mr Green，s.Perhaps heback ina fewminutes.A.went to;is comingB.has goneto;will comeC.has beento;will beD.is going to;has come
11.That dayhe.his clothesbefore hecame toseeme.A.has washedB.washed C.had beenwashing D.was washed
12.1havent finishedmyA.have writtenit B.have beenwriting itcomposition.I fortwo hoursand ahalf.C.wrote itD.am writtingit
13.I willtake mydaughter withme when I ShangHai,A.go to B.will go to C.have beento D.have goneto
14.This brightgirl thetruth infront of the enemy.A.didnt sayB.couldn，t speakto C.said D.didnt tell
15.The bridgewhich lastyear looksreally beautiful.A.was builtB.built C.was setup D.had beenbuilt
16.〃When schoolbegin”Next Monday.A.has B.does C.did is going toD
17.I willhere tillyou give me somemoney.A.leave B.not leaveC.come D.return
18.I heresince Imoved here.A.will workB.worked there,IC.work D.have beenworkingEvery timeI will
19.buy himsomething nice.A.went B.will goC.go D.have gone
20.It wassaid thathis father______________.A.has diedB.died.C.has beendead D.had died
21.We won，t gounless yousoon.A.had come B.came C.will comeD.come
22.six years since Ibegan studyingEnglish.A.They have been B.it isC.It wasD.There are
23.They theSummer Palacethree times.A.have goneto B.have beento C.have been in D.have goneinto
24.“How longhaven，t weseen eachother〃〃Well,it_________nearly twoyears sincewelast.A.is/have metB.was/had metC.is/met D.has been/had met
25.“Have youseen theart exhibition“〃No,there.”A.it wasnot beingheld B.they didn，t holdC.it had not heldI,they wereholding it
26.Don，t getoff thebus untilit.A.stop B.will stopC.stopped D.has stopped
27.z，Where therecorder Ican，t seeit anywhere.〃I itright here.A.did youput/have putB.have youput/putC.had youput/was puttingD.were youputting/have putButnow itsgone.
28.They askedme to have adrink withthem.I saidthat it was10yearssinceIA.had enjoyedB.was enjoyingC.enjoyed D.had beenagood drink.enjoying
29.Dont cometonight.I wouldrather youtomorrow.A.comeB.came C.will comeD.coming
30.you A.Do/marry B.Have/married C.Have/been marriedD.Are/married
31.When heall the newspapers,he，11go home.A.sells B.has soldC.will havesold D.will besold
32.“This clothwell andlong.〃〃0k・I’11take it.A.washes/lasts B.is washed/lasted C.washes/is lastedD.is washing/lasting
33.“Hurry up,you onthe phone.〃〃0h,Im coming.Thank you.A.are wantedB.are beingwanted C.want D.are wanting
34.I seeyou,but Ididn，t,for Ihadnotime.A.had wantedto B.has wantedto C.wanted D.was wanted
35.I inGuang Zhoufor sixyears bythis October.A.have livedB.was livingC.will beliving D.shall havelivedfrom thecollege.A.will begraduating B.should begraduating
36.By thistime next year heC.will havegraduated D.is graduating
37.Our teacher told us that theearth fromwest toeast.A.turns B.turn C.has turnedD.had turned
38.My brotherwhile hehis bicycleand hurthimself.A.fell/was ridingB.fell/were ridingC.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/was riding
39.Bill saidhe_______twenty-one the nextyear.A.was goingto be B.was about to beC.could beD.was to be
40.It ishigh timeyou inbed now.A.are B.were C.will beD.would be
41.After awhile anagreement.A.was arrivedat B.was arrivedin C.was arrivedD.has beenarrived
42.The airliner fromBeijing at3:00p.m.A.is aboutto arriveB.has arrivedC.arrives D.isgoingto arrive
43.1,that stepis notsafe!A.Look aroundB.Look upC.Look out
44.“Have youD.Look downhimto giveup smoking”〃No.I,but he wouldn，tlisten.A.persuaded/tried B.tried/persuaded persuaded/persuaded C.tried/tried D.
45.The researchlaboratory isgoingto thenewtype ofcomputer to use.A.take B.make C.put D.send
46.I don，t knowwhen he,but whenhe,I11let youknow.A.will come/comes B.comes/will comeC.comes/comes D.willcome/will come
47.How muchdo youthink thatvase A.is costB.used C.was paidfor D.cost
48.I thathewould be ableto leavetomorrow,but itsbeginning tolook diffcult.A.hope B.had hoped C.hoped D.am hoping
49.“Come on,Peter,I wantto showyou something.”“Oh,how niceof you,I youto bringme a gift.”A.never think/are goingB.never thought/were goingC.didn tthink/are goingD.hadn tthought/were going
50.It sa niceflat,but it_______________a properbathroom.A.haven tgot B.hasn tgot C.wouldn,t getD.doesn thave got
51.She hada shockwhen sheheard thenews,A.hadn t she B.didn tshe C.wouldn,tsheD.won tshe
52.This liquidthe saltat roomtemperature.A.became mixedwith B.was mixedbyC.mixes withD.has beenmixing by动词时态和语态2
一、时态的呼应在复合句，从句主要是宾语从句中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，1如She knowsyou have beeninBeijing forfive rears.、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下2列情况如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，1从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如如果从句中的谓语动词She saidshe wasbusy then.2所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时,如I didr/t know如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所that shehad beento Londontwice.3表示的动作之后,从句须用过去将来时,如:如果They didrt knowwhen theywould havea rest.4从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，50When Iwasa littlechild,my fathertold methat theearth isround.5如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时,但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，50Tome saidhe wasbornin
1975.
二、被动语态英语动词的语态有两种主动语态和被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态的句子中，动作的执行者，一般由介词引起的短语来表示,如:主动我们常帮助他们by Weoften helpthem.They areoften helpedby被动他们常被我们帮助us.、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成1be、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态2的基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者，如一般现在时:1NowEnglish istaught inall middleschools inour country.2一般过去时TheGreat hall of thePeople was一般将来时过去将来时:built in
1959.3When willthe workbe finished4He toldusthat the work现在进行时wouldbefinished thenext day.5过去进行时Your tractoris beingrepaired now.6The childwas beingexamined bythe doctorwhen现在完成时过去完成:they camein.7The workhasnt been finished yet.8The newplan had beencarried outbefore thesecond experimentbegan.、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作31执行者时，如Paper wasfirst madein China.2当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如Thenewmachine wasinvented bya20-year-old youngworker.、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，41可按下列步骤进行
①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；
②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；
③最后在被动语态之后加介词并将主动结构的主语放在之后经常被省略，by,by构成介词短语；
④由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词的各be种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词不同的形式来表示的，如be Trees如果主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，一般是将间接are plantedevery spring.2宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处如将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词或如to for,Grandma toldme aninteresting story last night.I wastold aninterestingstorylast night./An interestingstory wastold tome主动语态中的宾语加带有宾语补足语时，改为被动语态时，就将宾语改为主语，lastnight.3将宾补保留在原处，而成为被动语态句中主语的补足语了宾补可以有下列几种情况
①宾补为动词不定式，如在动司They askedherto sing a song.f Shewas askedtosingasong.i make,see,等之后,不定式的在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如hear,watch,notice toTom
②宾补为分词，如was seento comeout ofthe lab.They heardthem singingat thetime.f Theywere
③宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如heard singingat thattime.She keptme busy all the如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动morning,f Iwas keptbusyallthe morning.4语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性，如She alwaystakes含有情态动词的动词改为good care ofthechildren.-The childrenare alwaystaken goodcare of.5被动语态时是将情态动词后面的动词原形改为被动语态，因其前有情态动词，所以构成被动语态的助动词就要使用原形，如be Theymust finishthe workbefore Friday.—The workmust be和等结构，其作用相当于finished beforeFriday.6be goingto,be to,used to,have tohad better情态动词或助动词，在改为被动语态时，只需将后面的动词原形改为被动语态即可,如The arenot goingtoput offthe footballmatch.—The footballmatch isnotgoingto beput off.练习
二、动词时态与语态
253.An exhibitionof paintingsatthemuseum nextweek.A.are to be heldB.is to be heldC.are holdingD.will hold
54.Im sorry,sir.Your recorderisnt readyyet.It inthe factory.A.is beingrepaired B.is repairedC.has beenrepaired D.hasnt repaired
55.Every possiblemeans,but noneprove successful.A.has triedB.has beentried C.is being tried D.tried
56.that theycan passthe writtenexam thistime.A.That ishoped B.It ishopedC.That hopesD.It hopes
57.My little sister has broken mywatch.——My watchby mylittlesister.A.is brokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.has beenbroken
58.He wascleaning hisroom whenI entered the house.——His roomby himwhenIenteredtheroom.A.was beingcleaned B.was cleanedC.was beingcleaning D.has beencleaned
59.1shall have——This novelreading byme by dinner time.A.will havefinished B.will has been finishedC.will havebeing finishedD.will havebeenfinished
60.You ought to keepthese threerooms clean.——These threeroomsby you.A.are oughtedto keepclean B.ought tokept cleanC.ought to be kept clean D.oughtto havebeenkeptclean
61.You areabouttowrite apoem,arent you——A poemby you,A.is aboutto bewritten,arent youB.is aboutto bewriting,isnt itC.is aboutto bewriting,aren*t youD.is aboutto bewritten,isnt it to himby
62.She had better leavea noteto him.——A noteher.A.had better left B.hadbebetterleftC.had betterbe leftD.hadbetterbeenFinished readingthe novelbydinnertime.left
63.He doesntdo hishomework every day.——His homeworkby himeveryday.A.doesnt bedone B.arent done C.dont bedoneD.isnt done
64.We must take care of ourparents when they areold.——Our parentsold.whentheyareA.must betaken careB.must betook carscareofC.musttakecareof D.must betaken
65.People lookdown uponhim becausehe isa liar.A.is lookeddown B.is lookeddown upon——He becausehe isa liar.
66.Father will givemea dictionaryon my birthday.C.looks downupon D.looks down——A dictionaryme byFather onmybirthday.A.shall begiven totoB.willgiveC.shall giveto D.will begiving
67.We electedher leader.A.is electedleader——She byus.B.was leaderelected C.was electedleader D.leader waselected
68.——People wholive alongthis roadreceive theirmail inthese boxes.——Why areallofthe.A.grey paintedmailboxes B.mailboxes greypaintedC.mailboxes painted grey D.paintedgreymailboxes
69.1saw himenter theroom.——H theroom.eA.is seenenter B.is seento enterC.was seento enterD.was seenenter
70.The questionasked byhim ishardA.to answerB.to beanswered C.to beanswering D.for answer
71.How sweetthe musicA.sounds to beB.is soundedC.is soundedto beD.sounds
72.In warmweather fruitand meatlong.A.dont keepB.cannot bekept C.are notkept D.are notkeeping
73.He receiveda telegram•Mother Sick/A.written B.said C.reading D.writing
74.The classroom30feet long.A.measures B.is measuredC.has D.has length
75.Do yourememberA.how itis doneB.it howto bedoneC.How isit doneby D.howto do
76.to havebeen rich.A.They sayB.It issaid C.He issaid D.That wassaid
77.Mathematics isdifficultA.to learnB.for learningC.to belearned D.of learning
78.My hairis solong thatI mustgotoa barbersshop andA.have to cut itB.have itcut C.get ittobecut D.tocutit
79.The pencilwell.A.writes B.is writtenC.was writtenD.writing
80.——I cantsee theblackboard verywell.——Perhaps youneed.A.to examineyour eyesB.tohaveyour eyesexaminedC.tohaveexamined youreyes D.tobeexamined youreyes
81.——Where isthe coffeetable——Tom justhad itaway.A.move B.moving C.moved D.moves
82.Good medicinetothemouth.A.tastes bitterB.tastes bitterlyC.is tastedbitter D.is tastedbitterly
83.Which girlwon the prizeA.By whichgirl isthe prizewon B.Which girl was the prize wonC.By whichgirl didshe wintheprizeD.By whichgirlwastheprizewon
84.---Where didyou getthat handsomepicture—It wasby myfather.A.given forus
85.A B.a gifttousC.given tous D.agiftfor usyounghen isa chicken.A.named B.known C.spelled!D.called
86.——How doesAlma likeher newwork——She withthe hour.A.cant satisfyB.isnt satisfiedC.doesnt satisfyD.hasnt satisfied
87.——Why doyou callyour sonMouse——He bythe name.wantsA.to callB.tobecalled C.tobecalling D.being called
88.His idea,though good,needs out.A.beingtriedB.to tryC.tried D.tobetried
89.The manliving inthenextdoor isknown thepolice.A.with B.to C.by D.ofA.up of,up ofB.into,into C.of,ofD.from,from
91.here lastnight.A.Something strangewas happenedB.Strange somethingwas happenedC.Something strangehappened D.Strange somethinghappened
92.——Id liketo buythat coat.——Im sorry,A.itwas soldB.its sellingC.its beensold D.it hadbeensold
90.Cotton isfirst madethread andthen itwas wovencloth.
93.Gunpowder wasdiscovered inthe twelfthcentury,but.A.man did not putittouse in war two hundred yearsliterB.until twocenturies moreitwasused in warC.not usedinwaruntil twohundred yearslaterD.inwardidnotuse ittwohundredyears afterwards
94.The five-year-old girlby herparents.A.is lookedB.has looked for C.is beinglookedforD.hasbeenlooked。
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