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第讲特殊句式4[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读
1.2018•全国卷HChinas approachto protectingitsenvironment whilefending feedits citizensuoffersuseful lessonsfor agricultureand foodpolicymakers语法填worldwide,n...状语从句中的省空
2.2016•全国卷H Itcould beanything一gardening,略、祈使句等cooking,music,sports一but whateverit is,make makesureits arelief fromdaily stressrather thananotherthing toworry about.考点一倒装句[题组试做]单句语法填空
1.2020•营口模拟Into thedark apartmentwalked walkDavid,who wasquitesurprised wheneveryone shouted“Happy birthday!”
2.Strange as/though itmight sound,his ideawas acceptedby allthe peopleat themeeting.
3.Hardly hadhaveshe goneout whena studentcame tovisit her.[要点解读]
1.完全倒装表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here,there,now,then,up,down,away,off,in,out,in theroom,on thewall等置于句首,且主语为名词时At themeeting placeof theYangtze Riverand theJialing Riverlies Chongqing,one ofthe tenlargest citiesin China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处,坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆
2.部分倒装1否定副词never,neither,nor,hardly,little,seldom,rarely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at notime,by nomeans,on nocondition,in nocase等置于句首时2only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句,且置于句首时3so/neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语,意为“……也是如此/也不……”4在not only...but also.•・句型中,若not only置于句首时,需将not only所在的句子部分倒装5not until...置于句首时,主句需部分倒装
(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中,so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时,主句需部分倒装Not untilrecently did they encouragethe developmentof tourist-related activitiesinthe ruralareas.直到近期,他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动Only after they haddiscussed thematter forseveral hoursdidtheyreach adecision.他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定考点二强调句[题组试做]单句语法填空
1.(2020•吉林省梅河口市联考)It wasonly when we tookhim tothe vetson Saturdaymorningand gothis chipscanned thatwe foundout forsure.
2.“An awfulaccident did,however,occur theother day,“the oldman repeated,trembling allover.[要点解读]
1.陈述句式It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who,强调物时只用that)一般疑问句Is/Was+it+...that/who...特殊疑问句疑问词+is/was+it+that...It waswhen Igot backto myapartment thatI firstcame acrossmy newneighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到我的新邻居们Was iton alonely islandthat hewas savedone monthaftertheboat wentdown他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗?
2.”not...until.”的强调句It is/was not until...that..・(注意时态)It wasnotuntilI camehere thatI realizedthis placewas famousfor notonlyits beautybut alsoits weather.直到我来到这儿,我才知道这个地方出名不仅仅因为它的美,还因为它的天气[易错提醒]强调谓语动词,用do/does/did+动词原形该结构只用于肯定句,并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时考点三其他常考特殊句式[题组试做]单句语法填空
1.(2020•招远月考)1hope youH visitChina nextmonth.If so,Id liketo beyourtour guide.
2.When watchingwatch thefilm inthe theatre,the audienceburst outlaughing.
3.It ishighly likelythat theremains thatare foundin Siberiathese dayshavebeen preserved.
4.2020•日照联考Generally speaking,rt iswidely believedthat thereare severalpositiveaspects asfollows.
5.2020•山东荷泽一模As isknown tous all,some studentshave breakfastregularlywhile othersdon,t.There arebeseveral reasons.
6.2020•河北衡水中学第三次调研Once upona time,there wasa boywhose parentsnamedhim Odd.[要点解读]
一、省略
1.状语从句的省略当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词,构成下列结构连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式Metals expandwhen heatedand contractwhen cooled.金属加热时就膨胀,冷却时就收缩
2.不定式的省略1在一定的上下文中,为了避免重复,可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词短语,只保留不定式符号to常用在expect,hope,intend,mean,try,want,wish等词后Firstly,people mayfeel forcedwhen askedto dothings thatthey don,t wantto.首先,当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的2but用作介词,意为“除……之外”时,前面有实义动词do,后接不定式时,要省略to;但前面没有实义动词do时,后接的不定式不省略tOoIf hetakes onthis work,he willhave nochoice butto meetan evengreater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作,除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择
3.if省略结构if SO如果这样的话if not如果不是这样的话if ever如果曾经有的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果可能的话if any如果有的话
二、感叹句
1.what引导的感叹句lWhat+a/an+a力+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!2What+/力+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语!
2.how引导的感叹句lHow+a匕+主语+谓语!2How+a/:+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语!3How+主语+谓语!What astrange plant=How strangea plant!Ive neverseen itbefore.这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过The shockingnews mademe realizewhat terribleproblems wewould face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题
三、祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等
1.祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you常省略祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont,也可用副词never构成祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加doDo yourhomework beforeyou watchTV.看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业
2.祈使句表示假设的情况1祈使句+and/or+简单句2名词词组多含有more,another+and+简单句Call metomorrow andr11let youknow theresult.明天给我打,我会让你知道结果的Start outright away,or we’11miss thefirst train.立刻出发,否则的话,我们将要错过首班车
四、there be句型
1.there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态,可以和助动词或情态动词连用并且be有时可用live,remain,stand,lie,exist,seem tobe,appear tobe,happen tobe,used tobe等替换There havebeen manygreat changesin ourcountry sincethen.自从那时起我国发生了很大的变化Once upona timethere livedan oldfisherman ina villageby thesea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫
2.there be句型的常考句型There isno point/senseThere isno doubtthat…毫无疑问There isno needfor sb.to dosth.某人没有必要做某事There isno difficulty/trouble indoing/with sth.做某事没有困难There isno possibilityof doingsth./that...做某事没有可能性
五、it的特殊用法
1.it作形式主语或形式宾语it作形式主语或形式宾语时,真正的主语或宾语可以是动词不定式、动名词或由that引导的主语或宾语从句,把真正的主语或宾语移到句后It isa goodhabit todo morningexercises.晨练是个好习惯It isa pitythat youdidn,t seesuch agood film.真遗憾,你没看这么一部好电影
2.it用于强调句型It+is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他It isProfessor Wangthat/who teachesus Englishevery Mondayafternoon.是王教授每周一下午教我们英语
3.it引起的几个易混时间句型
①It+be+时间段+since从句,“自从……以来已多久了”在该句型中,若since从句的谓语动词是终止性动词,则主句动作自该终止性动词动作开始时算起;若since从句的谓语动词是延续性动词,则主句动作或状态自该延续性动词动作结束时开始It isthree yearssince sheleft Beijing.自从她离开北京已三年了It isthree yearssince shelived inBeijing.她三年不在北京住了
②It+be+时间段+before从句,主句中的谓语动词用肯定式,意为“过多长时间才……”;主句中的谓语动词是否定式时,意为“没过多久就……”主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时will be;用was时,before从句的动词用一般过去时;用will be时,before从句常用一般现在时It wasnot long before shelearned thosepoems byheart.不久她就背会了那些诗歌It waslongbeforethe policearrived.不久警察就到了It will be hoursbefore hemakes adecision.要过几小时他才能做决定
③It+be+时间+when从句,主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是willbe,when从句用一般现在时代替将来时It wasalready8o clockwhenwegot home.我们到家时已经八点了It wasthe nextmorning whenwe finishedour work.次日凌晨我们才完成工作It willbe midnightwhen theyget there.他们要午夜到达那里【技法点拨】在语法填空中
1.注意分析句式结构,确定为何种特殊句式;
2.根据特殊句式的结构特点,填入适当的词。
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