201906四级真题（第三套）

Part IW riting30minutes2019年6月英语四级真题试卷Directions:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes to write anews reportto yourcampus newspaperon avisitto aHope elementaryschool organizedby yourStudent Union.You shouldwrite at least120words butnomore than180wordsPart IIListening Comprehension25minutes说明由于年月四级考试全国共考了套听力，本套真题听力与前套内容完全一2019622样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现Part IIIReading Comprehension40minutesDirections:In this section,there is a passage with tenblanks Youare requiredto selectone wordfor eachblankfrom alist ofchoices givenin aword bankfollowing the passage.Read thepassage throughcarefullybefore makingyour choicesEach choicein thebank isidentified bya letterPlease markthe correspondingletterfor eachitem on Answer Sheet2with asingle linethrough thecentre You may notuse anyof thewordsin thebank more than once.Just becausethey carftsing operaor ridea bicycledoesrf tmean that ani malsdon thaveculture Therdsno食肉动better exampleof thisthan killer whales Asone of the most_26_predators物，killer whalesmay notfit the_27_of acultured creatureHowever;these beastsof thesea dodisplaya vastrange ofhighly_28_behaviors thatappear to be drivingtheir geneticdevelopmentThe word“culturd comesfrom theLatin“coler”which_29—means“to cultivate“In otherwords,it refersto anything thatis_30_or learnt,rather than instinctive ornatural Amonghuman population^culture notonlyaffects theway wclive,but alsowrites itselfinto ourgenes,affecting whowe areFor instance,havingspent manygenerations huntingthe fatmarine mammalsof theArctic,the Eskimosof Greenlandhave developedcertaingenetic_31_that helpthem digestand utilizethis fatnichdiet,thereby allowingthem to_32_intheir coldcli mateLikehumans,killerwhaleshave colonizeda rangeof different_33_across theglobe occupyingevery oceanbasinon theplanet,with ane mpirethat_34_from poleto poleAs such,different populationsof killerwhaleshave hadto learndifferent huntingtechniques inorder togain theupper handover theirlocal prey彳昔物.This,in turn,has amajor effecton theirdiet,leading scientiststo_35_that theabilityto learnpopulation-specific huntingmethods couldbe drivingthe animaid geneticdevelop meatAacquiredB adaptationsCbrutalD deliberatelyEexpressedF extendsGhabitatsH humbleIi mageJlitereallyK refinedLrevolvesM speculateNstructureO thriveDirections:In thissection,you aregoing toread apassage withten statementsattached toeach statementcontainsinformation givenin oneof theparagraphs.Identify theparagraph fromwhich theinformation isderived.Youmaychoose aparagraph morethan onceEach paragraphis markedwith aletter:Answer thequestionsby markingthe correspondingletter on Answer Sheet

2.Living withparents edgesout otherliving arrangem entsfor18-to34-yeavoids人口的A Broaddemographic shiftsis maritalstatus,educational attainmentand employmenthavetransformed theway young adults in the U.S.are livingand anew Pew Research Center analysis highlightstheimplications of these changesfor the most basicelement of their lives—where theycall home.In2014,for thefirst timein morethan130years,adults ages18to34were slightlymore likely to be living intheir parents homethan theywere to beliving with a spouse or partner in their own householdB Thisturn ofevents isfueled primarily bythe dramaticdrop in the share of youngA m eri canswho arechoosingto settledown romanticallybefore age

35.Dating backto1880,themostcommon livingarrange mentamong young adults has been living with aromantic partner;whether a spouse ora significantother Thistype of arrangementpeaked around1960,when62%of thenation s18-^to34-yearmolds were living with a spouseorpartner in their ownhousehold,and onlyone-irrfive were living with their parentsCBy2014,

31.6%of young adults were living with a spouse orpartner in their ownhousehold,below theshareliving in the home of their parents321%.Some14%of young adults livedalone,were asingleparent or lived withone ormore room matesThe remaining22%lived in the兄弟姐妹，home of another familymember such as agrandparent,irrlaw orsibling a non-relative^or ingroup quarterslike collegedormitories.D Ifs worthnoting that the overall share of young adults living with their parents was notatarecordhigh in2014This arrangementpeaked around1940,when about35%of thenation s18-^to34-year-olds livedwithmom and/or dadcompared with32%in

2014.What haschanged,instead,is therelative shareadoptingdifferent waysof living in earlyadulthood,withthedecline of romantic couplingpushing living at hometo the topofamuch lessuniform list of living arrangementsA mongyoung adultsliving arrangementsdiffer significantlyby genderFor menages18to34,living at homewith momand/or dadhas beenthe dominantlivingarrangementsince2009,In2014,28%of young men were livingwith aspouse ofpartnerin theirownhome,while35%wereliving in the homeof their parents.Young women,however;are stillmore likely tobeliving with aspouseofromantic partner35%than theyare tobe livingwith their parents29%.F In2014,more young women16%than young men13%were headingup ahousehold withoutaspouseor partnerThis is mainlybecause women are more likely than men tobe singleparents living with theirchildren Fortheirpart,youngmen25%are morelikely than young women19%tobelivingin the homeof anotherfamilymember;anon-relative orin sometypeofgroup quartersGA varietyof factorscontribute tothe long-run increase in the share of young Adultslivingwiththeparents Thefirst in the postponemento£if notretreat from,marriage.The averageage offirst marriagehasrisen steadilyfor decadesIn addition,a growing shareof youngadultmay be avoiding marriagealtogetherA previousPewResearch Centeranalysisprojected thatas manyas同居one-irrfour oftoday syoungadultmay nevermarry.W hilecohabitation hasbeen on therisQ theoverallshareof youngadults eithermarried or livingwith an unmarriedpartner hassubstantiallyfallen since

1990.H Inaddition,trends inboth employmentstatus andwages havelikely contributedtothegrowingshareofyoung adultswho arelivingin thehomeof their parents,and thisis especiallytrue of youngmenEmployedyoung men are muchless likelyto liveat homethanyoungmen withouta job,and employmentamong youngmenhas fallensignificantly inrecent decades.The shareofyoungmen with jobspeaked around1960at84%.In2014,only71%of18-tcr34-yeai^old menwere employedSimilarly withearnings,young merfs wagesafter轨迹adjusting forinflation havebeen ona downwardtrajectory since1970and fellsignificantly from2000to

2010.As wageshave fallen,theshareofyoungmen livingin theho meof theirparent shas risenIEconomic factorsseem toexplain lessof whyyoungadult women areincreasingly likelyto liveat home.Generally,young women have hadgrowing successin thepaid labor market since1960and hencemight increasinglybeexpected tobeabe to afford to afford to live independentlyof their parents Forwomen,delayed marriage一一which isrelated,in part,to labormarket outcomesfor menmay explain moreofthe increase in theirli\nng inthe family ho me.J TheGreat Recessionand modestrecovery has also beenassociated with an increasein youngadults livingat home.Initially inthe wakeoftherecession,college enrollmentsexpanded,boosting theranks ofyoungadults livingathome.And giventhe weakjob opportunitiesfacing youngadultslivingathomewas partofthe privatesafety nethelp youngadults toweather the economic storm.一K Beyondgender;young adulfsliving arrangementsdiffer considerableby educationwhich istied tofinancialmeans.For youngadults withouta bachelors degree,as of2008livingathomewith their parentswasmore prevalentthan livingwith aromanticpartnerBy2014,36%of18-to34-yearmolds whohad notcompleteda bachelo^s degreewerelivingwiththeirparents while27%werelivingwith aspouseorpartner A mongcollege graduates,in201446%were marriedorlivingwithapartnei;and only19%werelivingwith theirparents.Young adultswithacollege degreehave faredmuch betterinthelabormarketthan theirless-educated counterpartywhich hasin turnmade iteasier toestablish theirown households

36.Unemployed youngmenaremorelikelyto live withtheirparents thantheemployed

37.In2014,the percentageof menaged18to34livingwiththeirparentswasgreater thanthat oftheirfemale counterparts

38.The percentageofyoungpeople whoare marriedorlive withapartner hasgreatly decreasedinthepastthree decadesor so.

39.Around themid-20th centuryonly20percent of18-to34-yeai^old livedin theirparents home.

40.Young adultswithacollege degreefound iteasier tolive independentlyoftheirparents

41.Young menare lesslikelytoend upas singleparents thanyoungwomen.

42.More youngadultwomenlive withtheirparentsthan beforedue todelayed marriage.

43.The percentageofyoungmen wholive withtheirparentshas growndue totheir decreasedpay inrecentdecades

44.The riseinthenumber ofcollege studentsmade moreyoungadultslivewiththeirparents

45.One reason for youngadults tolivewiththeirparentsis thatget marriedlate orstay singleall theirlivesSectionCDirections:There are2passages inthissectionEach passageis followedby somequestions orunfinishedstatements Foreach ofthem thereare fourchoices markedA,B,C andD.You shoulddecide on the bestchoiceand markthe correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet2withasingle linethrough thecentrePassage OneQuestions46to50are basedonthefollowing passage.According tothe majorityof Americans,women areevery bitas capableof beinggood politicalleaders asmen.The samecan besaid oftheir abilityto dominatethe corporateboardroom.And according to anew PewResearchCenter surveyon womenand leadershipmost Am eri cans findwo men indistinguishable frommen onkeyleadership traitssuchasintelligence andcapacity forinnovation,with manysaying theyre strongerthanmenin terms ofbeing passionateand organizedleadersSo why,then,are womenin shortsupply atthe topof governmentand business intheUnited StatesAccordingto the public,atleast,if snot thatthey lacktoughness,management talentor properskill setsIfsalso notall aboutwork-life balancesA Ithougheconomic researchand previous survey findingshave shownthatcareer interruptionsrelated tomotherhood maymake itharder for women toadvance intheir careersandcompete fortop executivejobs,relatively fewadults inthe recentsurvey pointto thisasakey barrierforwo men seeking leadershiproles Onlyabout one-irrfive saywomen sfamilyresponsibilities area majorreasonwhy therearen tmore femalesin topleadership positions in businessand politicsInstead,topping thelistofreasons,about four-irrten A mericans pointtoadouble standardforwo men seekingtoclimb tothe highestlevels ofeither politicsor business,where theyhave todo morethan theirmale选民counterparts toprove themselvesSimilar sharessay theelectorate andcorporate Am ericaare justnotready toput morewo menin topleadership positionsAsa result,thepublic is dividedabout whetherthe imbalance in corporate America willchange intheforeseeable futureieven thoughwomenhavemade majoradvances inthe workplaceWhile53%believe men willcontinue tohold moretop executive positionsinbusinessinthe future44%say ifs onlya matterof timebeforeas many womenarein topexecutivepositionsas men.Am ericansare lessdoubtful whenit comestopolitics:73%expect tosee a female presidentintheirlifetime.

46.What domost Americans thinkof women leaders accordingtoanew PewResearchCentersurveyA They have todo moreto distinguishthe mselvesBThey haveto striveharder towin theirpositions,C They are strongerthanmenintermsof willpowerD Theyarejust asintelligent andinnovative as men

47.What dowelearn fromprevioussurveyfindings aboutwomen seekingleadership rolesAThey haveunconquerable difficultieson theirway tosuccessB Theyare lackingin confidencewhen competingwith menC Their failuresmay havesomething todo withfamily dutiesDRelatively feware hinderedintheircareer advancem ent

48.What is the primaryfactor keepingwomen fromtaking topleadership positionsaccordingtothe recentsurveyAPersonality traitsBFamily responsibilitiesCGender bias.D Lackof vacancies.

49.What doesthepassagesay aboutcorporateAmerica inthe nearfutureA More and morewomen willsit inthe boardroom.B Genderimbalanceinleadership islikelytochange.CThepublicisundecided aboutwhether womenwillmake goodleadersD People have opposingopinions asto whetherit willhave morewomenleaders

50.What dom ostAmericansexpect tosee soononAm ericas politicalstageA Awo maninthehighest positionof governmentBMoreandm orewomenactively engagedin politicsCA majorityof womenvoting forafemalepresidentD Asmanywomenin topgovernment positionsasmen.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are basedonthefollowing passage.Peoplehavegrown tallerover thelast century,with SouthKorean women shootingup bymorethan20cm onaverage,and Iranianmen gaining

16.5cm.A globalstudy lookedattheaverage heightof18-yearmolds in200countries1914and

2014.The resultsreveal thatwhile Swedeswere the tallest peopleinthe world in1914,Dutch menhave risenfrom12th placeto claimtop spotwith anaverage heightof1825cm.Larvian women.M ean whilerose from28thplace in1914to becomethetallestintheworld acentury later;with anaverage heightof

169.8cm.James Bentham,a ccrauthoroftheresearch fromI mperialCollege,London,says the global trendis likelytobe dueprimarily to improvements innutrition and healthcare“An individuals geneticshas abig influenceontheir height,but onceyou averageover wholepopulations,genetics plays a lesskey role/he added.A littleextra heightbrings anumber ofadvantages,says Elio Riboli ofImperial College“Being tallerisassociated withlonger lifeexpectancy,he said.Thisislargely duetoalower riskof心,血管的dying ofcardiovascular diseaseamong tallerpeople”But whileheight hasincreased aroundtheworld,the trendin manycountries ofnorth andsub-Saharan Africacausesconcern,says RiboliWhile heightincreased inUganda andNiger duringthe early20th century,thetrend hasreversed inrecent years,with heightdecreasing among18-y earmoldsOnereasonforthese decreasesin heightistheeconomic situationinthe1980s“said AlexanderM oradiofthe Universithof Sussex.The nutritionalandhealthcrises thatfollowed thepolicy ofstructural adjustment,he says,led tomany childrenand teenagersfailing toreach their full potentialin temsof heightBenthambelieve theglobal rtendof increasingheight hasimportant implications“How tallwe arenow isstronglyinfluenced bythe environmentwe grewup in/he said“If wegive childrenthe bestpossible startin life now,they willbe healthierand moreproductive fordecades tocome.”

51.What doestheglobalstudy tellus aboutpeople sheightinthelast hundredyearsA Thereisare markabledifference acrosscontinentsB Therehasbeena markedincreaseinmost countriesCThe increasein pcopldsheight hasbeen quickeningDThe increasein womeri sheightis biggerthaninmens

52.What doesJames Benthamsay aboutgenetics intheincreaseof peopldsheightA Itcounts lessthan generallythoughtB Itoutweighs nutritionand healthcareiCIt impacts m ore onan individualthan onpopulation.D Itplaysamoresignificant rolein females thanin males

53.What doesElioRibolisay abouttaller peopleAThey tendtolivelongerB Theyenjoy aneasier lifeCThey generallyrisk fewerfatal diseasesDTheyhavegreater expectationsinlife

54.What dowe learnabout18-yeai^olds inUganda andNigerA Theygrow upslower thantheir peersin othercountriesB Theyare actuallyshorter thantheir earliergenerationsC Theyfind ithard tobring theirpotential intofull play.DTheyhave experiencedmany changesof government

55.What doesJames Benthamsuggest wedoA Watchclosely theglobal trendin childreris developmentBMake surethat our children grow up totheirfullheightC Tryevery means possibletoimprove ourenviron mentD Ensureourchildrengrowupin anideal environmentPartIV Translation30minutesDirections:For thispart,you areallowed30minutes totranslate apassage fromChinese intoEnglish.Youshould writeyour answeronAnswerSheetZ灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活从那时起,灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆等节日期间悬挂如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。