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年北京卷英语真题2023学校:姓名班级考号
一、完形填空（羞怯的）.I was always timidBeing newto theschool mademe even],so itwassurprising Id2to anyonearound me.Now I was payingthe price-to writea five-page essayon“Why I Should Not Talk in Class”.That wouldtake allnight!After Igot home,though.I tookmy timepetting thecat-postponing thepain.When Ifinally satdown to3,1began with the reasons Ms Black would want tohear.Talking keptme and my neighboursfrom
4.One paragraphdown;now whatIchewed onmy pencil.Aha!What iftalking werethe firststep towardslife as a criminalWithout theeducation I was throwing away,Id turn to theftand goto prison.When Igot out,people wouldsay,“Sheused to talk in class.The pagesbegan
5.But whenmum gothome fromwork,I was still6,Five pages!Thatsimpossible!”“Well,youd betterget backto work,“she said,and Iwant toread itwhen yourethrough.Soon afterdinner,I handedthe essayto mum.I halfexpected a7-at leastan Ihope youve learned your lesson”.8,mum laughedand laughedas sheread.The nextday,when MsBlack readthe essayto theclass,everyone laughed.I could9they werentmaking funof me:they laughedbecause I had thepower totell afunnystory.My10still neededsome nudging（激发），but Idid learnI wasntshy inprint
1.A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier
2.A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat
3.A.weep B.rest C.write D.read
4.A.learning B,playing C.planning D.laughing
5.A.standing outB.flying byC.breaking upD.checking in
6.A.celebrating B.longing C.complaining D.warning
7.A.lecture B.reason C,reward D.solution
8.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Instead
9.A.hope B,imagine C.tell D.predict
六、建议信.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华你的英国好友正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为44Jim主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议请你用英文给他回复，内容包括⑴活动形式；⑵活动内容注意
（1）词数10左右；⑵开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua参考答案:
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.D
9.C
10.B【导语】本文是记叙文文章主要主要讲述了作者很害羞，刚来到新学校后更加害羞，不爱说话于是老师让作者写一篇五页的“我为什么不应该在课上讲话的文章作者写的文章很搞笑，第二天当老师在课堂上读作者的文章时，同学们都笑了起来考查形容词比较级词义辨析句意初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊
1.天这是很令人惊讶的更自由的；更害羞的；更冷静的；更A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier高兴的由上文（羞怯的）”和“可知，前后是程度的加深，我很害羞，“I was always timideven”所以刚到新学校更加害羞了，故选B考查动词词义辨析句意初来乍到使我更加害羞，所以我应该和身边的任何人聊天这是很
2.令人惊讶的点头；指；听；闲聊由下文A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat“Now I was payingthe price（现在我在付出代价就“我-to writea five-page essayon Why IShould NotTalk in Class.为什么不应该在班里说话“写一篇五页的文章）和I beganwith thereasons MsBlackwould want可知，布莱克老师想知道我为什么不在班里说话的原因，由此可知，当老师想让我和to hear.”同学们说话时,，我认为要我和身边的任何人聊天这是很令人惊讶的，故选考查动词词义辨
3.Do析句意当我终于坐下来开始写作时，我首先说出了布莱克老师想听的理由哭泣；A.weep休息;写；读由上文B.rest C.write D.read“to writea five-page essayon“Why IShould NotTalk可知，此处是同词复现，我开始写这篇五页的文章，故选inClass”writeCo考查动词词义辨析句意:谈话使我和我的邻桌不能学习学习;玩；
4.A.learning B.playing C.planning计戈U；D.laughing笑由上文“Now I was payingthe price-to writea five-page essayon和WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.That wouldtake alleight!I beganwith thereasonsMsBlack可知，现在我要写一篇五页的文章，那要花费我一晚上,所以说和邻桌谈话wouldwantto hear.”会阻止我和邻居学习，且以谈话会妨碍学习来解释，说明自己爱学习，这也是老师愿意听到的，故选A考查动词短语词义辨析句意书页开始飞逝突出；飞越;飞逝；
5.A.standing outB.flying by分手；登记由上文C.breaking upD.checking in“Without theeducationIwasthrowingaway,Id turn台可知，我开始to theftand goto prison.When Igot out,people wouldsay,“She usedto talkinclass写出很多内容，所以此处用来说明我很快写出了很多页，故选fly byB考查动词词义辨析句意但是当妈妈下班回家的时候，我仍然在抱怨，“五页！这不可能！
6.庆祝；渴望；抱怨；警告由下文A.celebrating B.longing C.complaining D.warning““Five pages!可知，我认为我不可能写完这五页的内容，所以在抱怨，故选Thats impossible!”C考查名词词义辨析句意我有点期待得到一种说教——至少一句“我希望你已经吸取了教
7.训说教;原因；奖励；解决办法由下文I”A.lecture B.reason C.reward D.solution“at leastan“I.”可知，“我希望你已经吸取了教训『这是一种说教，故hopeyouve learnedyour lesson”选Ao考查副词词义辨析句意相反，妈妈一边读一边笑因止匕；此外；
8.A.Therefore B.Moreover同时；代替；反而前后句子C.Meanwhile D.Instead“I halfexpected a7和内容相反，-at leastan“I hopeyouvelearnedyourlesson”.”mum laughedand laughedas sheread.“应用我本期待得到妈妈的奖励，然而妈妈非但没有奖励，反而在读我的文章时一边读一instead,边笑，故选D考查动词词义辨析句意我能判断出他们不是在取笑我他们笑是因为我有能力讲一个有
9.趣的故事希望;想象;告诉;看出，判断出；区分;A.hope B.imagine C.tell D.predict预计由下文“they werentmaking funof me:they laughedbecause I had thepower totell afunny可知，我能判断出来，他们笑是因为我讲的故事搞笑，而不是在取笑我，故选story.»C考查名词词义辨析句意我的自信心仍然需要一些推动，但我确实学到了我在写作的
10.时候并不害羞耐心；自信；忍受；独立A.patience B.confidence C.tolerance D.independence由下文（激发）,和第一段提到“still neededsome nudgingbut Idid learnI wasntshy inprint.”的我很害羞可知，我的自信心不足，需要一些推动，故选B
11.would throw
12.exactly
13.had arrived【导语】这是一篇记叙文讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗考查时态句意搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有位客人都准时出现
11.30时，我感到非常惊讶表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态应用过去将来时故填would throwo考查副词句意搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有位客人都准时出现
12.30时，我感到非常惊讶修饰介词短语应用副词故填on timeexactly,exactlyo考查时态句意多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到
13.场，女主人还穿着睡衣从句中表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时故填had arrived
14.seen
15.cities
16.has established【导语】本文是说明文红树林，生长在陆地和海洋之间，有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭，到目前为止，中国已建立了一批红树林保护区考查状语从句的省略句意从远处看，红树林显得更加壮观逗号前面是引导的状
14.when语从句的省略，当状语从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有动词，从句可以省略主be语和动词在从句中，主语为和动词是被动关系，从句应用一般现be the mangrove forests,see在时的被动语态，完整形式为省略主语和动词，故填when they are seenfrom afar,be seeno考查名词复数句意红树林有助于软化海浪，保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭此处应用名
15.词作宾语，为可数名词，应用复数形式表泛指，故填city cities考查时态和主谓一致句意到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区由
16.Up tonow（到目前为止）可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是助动词应用故填China,has,has establishedo
17.to
18.where
19.to address
20.facing【导语】这是一篇新闻报道尼娜在个国家跑过马拉松她所有的跑步活动都有一个目的32呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水会议她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争她的努力鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来考查介词句意她所有的跑步活动都有一个指导目的呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题表
17.示“关注短语为故填call attentionto to考查定语从句句意最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那
18.里参加了一个水会议非限制性定语从句修饰先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填Chicago,whereo考查非谓语动词句意她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的
19.斗争分析句子结构可知在句中作目的状语，故用不定式故填address toaddress考查非谓语动词句意她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们
20.答案第页，共页311的斗争分析句子结构可知与逻辑主语构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语,face people故填facing
21.B
22.C
23.B【导语】这是一篇应用文文章主要介绍了一个成为国际奥委会青年领袖的项目以及要求
21.细节理解题根据部分中4-Week LearningSprint“The4-Week LearningSprint,which willtake placeduring November2023,is avirtual learningprogramme.The sessionscan beattended liveor watched（为期周的学习冲刺是一个虚拟学习计划，back after they aremade availableon theIOC channel.4将于年月进行这些会议可以现场观看，也可以在频道播出后观看广可知，在为202311IOC期四周的学习冲刺中，参与者将参加虚拟学习课程故选B细节理解题根据部分中
22.4-Week LearningSprint“After successfullycompleting the4-WeekLearning Sprint,you willneed tosubmit aplan for a sport-based project,which you will work on if.（在成功完成为期周的冲刺学习后，您需要提交一份以体育selected as an IOC Young Leader4为基础的项目计划，如果您被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，您将参与其中户可知，如果被选为国际奥委会青年领袖，需要做一个以运动为基础的项目故选C.细节理解题根据部分中23Requirements for the Applicants“You have at least one yearof work.（你至少有一年的工作经验）”可知，对申请人的要求是至少一年工作经验故选experience B
24.A
25.D
26.B
27.C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向推理判断题根据第一段
24.“My heartraced whenI saw the email senders name.The emailstartedoff:Dear MrGreen,thank youfor yourinterest and the review process took longer than expected.^^Itended with We are sorry to inform you...“and myvision blurred（模糊）.（当我看至（J邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了这封邮件是这样开头的“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，审核过程比预期的要长”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了）”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑故选A细节理解题根据第三段
25.“So Iwas shockedwhen,not longafter theemail,Professor MaryDevon,who wasrunning theprogramme,invited meto observethe workbeing donein her lab.I jumped一一at thechance,and a few weekslater Iwas equally shocked andoverjoyed when she invited me totalkwith herabout potentialprojects I could pursue in herlab.What sheproposed didntseem asexciting（因此，当我收到这封邮件as the original projectI hadapplied to,but Iwas going to giveit myall.后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽・德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴广可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作故选D.推理判断题根据第四段26“I foundmyself workingwith arobotics professoron techniquesforcollecting data from thedesert remotely.That project,which Icould completefrom mysofa insteadof inthe burning heatof thedesert,not onlysurvived thelockdown butworked wheretraditional methods（我发现自己和——个机器人教授一起didnt.In the end,I hada new scientific interest to pursue.研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求）”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心故选B推理判断题根据最后一段
27.Rather thansetting plansin stone,Ive learnedthat sometimesI needto take the opportunities thatare offered,even ifthey dontsound perfectat thetime,and makethe most（我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要of them.充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划）”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向故选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合c文章的主旨故选C
28.D
29.C
30.A【导语】本文是说明文近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定推理判断题第一段首句
29.In recentyears,researchers fromdiverse fieldshave agreedthat.（近年来，来自不同领域的研short-termism isnow asignificant problem in industrialised societies究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题户提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The historianFrancis Coleargues that the Westhas entereda periodwhere only the presentexists,a presentcharacterised atonce by the crueltyof theinstant andbytheboredom of an unending（历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的now”.Francis Cole时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”户引用历史学家的话来Francis Cole强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用的话是为了强调一Francis Col个问题，故选D推理判断题根据最后一段中（外星人）
30.“As apsychologist oncejoked,if alienswanted toweakenhumanity,they wouldntsend ships;they wouldinvent climate change.Indeed,when itcomes toenvironmentaltransformations,we candevelop aform ofcollective poormemory”,and eachnew.（一位心理学generation can believe thestate of affairs theyencounter is nothing out of theordinary家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的广可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说,如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C推理判断题通读全文，尤其是第一段
31.“In recentyears,researchers fromdiverse fieldshave agreed.（近年来，来自不同领域that short-termism isnow asignificant problemin industrialisedsocieties的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题厂提出一个问题短期主义，和第二段（偏向）“It has been provedthat peoplehave abias towardsthe present,focusing onloudattractions in the momentat theexpense of the health,well-being andfinancial stabilityof theirfutureselves orcommunity.In business,this biassurfaces asshort-sighted decisions.And onslow-burning（牺牲）problems like climate change,it translatesinto theunwillingness to make smallsacrifices today（事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，that couldmake a major differencetomorrow.只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响厂可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选Ao
32.A
32.C
33.B
34.D【导语】本文为说明文文章主要探讨了是否也在不断地进化的问题ALife推理判断题根据第三段
31.“As muchas manyALifers hateemphasizing theirresearchs applications,（尽管许多讨厌强调他们研the attemptsto createartificial life could have practical payoffs.ALifer究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报）”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So farno onehas convincinglymade artificial life.This trackrecordmakes ALife a ripetarget forcriticism,such asdeclarations of the fieldsdoubtful scientificvalue.AlanSmith,a complexityscientist,is tiredof suchcomplaints.Asking about the point“of ALifemight be,well,missing the point entirely,he says.The existenceofaliving systemis notabout theuse ofanything.Alan says.Some peopleask meJ Sowhats the worth of artificial life9Do youever think,（至目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生What is theworth of your grandmother U命这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨他说，询问的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点“一ALife个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关说“有人问我「那么人工生命的价值是什么？’”Alan你有没有想过，，你祖母的价值是多少？川广可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于对的辩护，Alan SmithAlan SmithALife作者表示支持故选词句猜测题根据划线词上文A
32.“Artificial intelligencemay beconsideredALifes cousin in thatresearchers inboth fieldsare enamoredby aconcept calledopen-ended evolution（演化）（人工智能可能被认为是的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开.ALife放进化的概念）可知,人工智能可能被认为是的表亲，说明人工智能和enamored”ALife ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点故划线词意为“吸引故选C推理判断题根据第三段
33.“Artificial intelligencemay beconsidered ALifescousinin that（演化）（人工智能researchers inboth fieldsare enamoredby aconcept calledopen-ended evolution.可能被认为是的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引）ALife“可知，和有一个共同的特点故选ALife AIB主旨大意题根据最后一段
34.They mayapply universally to all acts of evolution.Ultimately ALifemay be nothing special.But eventhis dismissal suggests something:perhaps,just likelife itself.（它们可能普遍适用于所答案第throughout theuniverse,the riseof ALifewill prove unavoidable7页，共页11有进化行为最终，可能没有什么特别的但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情也许，ALife就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，的崛起将被证明是不可避免的广结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化选项“生命在进化创造的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适ALife DALife的标题故选D
35.D
36.F
37.G
38.B
39.C【导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议根据空前内容
36.Its ajoyful andstressful timeof yearin theUnited Statesfor students and theirfamilies as theymake decisionsabout whereto attendcollege.Families oftenturn torankings systemsto（对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因help make a decision.为他们要决定去哪里上大学家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定广可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统而根据下文第三段Emerging researchsuggests that courses in lower-ranked universities,on average,scored higher on teaching than courses in（最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于higher-ranked universities.排名较高的大学的课程）”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题选项DC6However（然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素教the rankingsignore acritical factor:the qualityof teaching.学质量户延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略故选D
37.根据空前内容“When Italk tofamilies asa scholarof higher education,they9re oftensurprised that（作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交teaching excellenceis not counted in rankings.谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名广可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶选项F^They^e evenmore surprisedat howteaching（更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值户延续上文内is undervalued by universities.容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量其中和上文的保持一致故选“more surprised”“surprised”F空前内容
38.“Emerging researchsuggests thatcourses inlower-ranked universities,on average,scored（最新的研究表明，排名较彳氐的大higheron teaching thancourses in higher-ranked universities.学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程厂以及空后内容“The absenceofteaching excellencefrom the rankings issurprising giventhe linkbetween high-quality teaching and答案第页，共student success.Quality teaching is one of the most importantpredictors ofa wide811页.（考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令range ofcollege outcomes人惊讶优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一广讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑至U教学选项.（事实GIn fact,universities oftenshift emphasisfrom teachingto otherranking factors上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上户与上下文内容相一致，故选G根据空前内容
39.“Rankings,however,are onlyone reasonwhy alow valueis placedon teachingin（注highereducation.Administrators oftendont viewteaching excellenceasa way toincrease enrolment册）（然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因管理者通常不会orfunding.将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式户可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果选项因此，它在BTherefore,ifs nothighly valuedin hiringor promotion4招聘或晋升中不受重视广是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视故选Bo根据下文内容
40.“Nevertheless,not muchwill changeuntil schoolswith high-quality teaching arerewarded withmore resources,higher rankingsand increasedenrolments.In thelong term,universities,organisations thatrank schools,and othersshould workto maketeachingavalued,core partof the（尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，mission.不会有太大变化从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分广可知，作者认为想要强调教学质量还需要更多努力根据Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系选项CQuality teachinghas beenan importantreputation-buildingfactor.（高质量的教学一直是建立声誉的重要因素）”强调了高质量教学的重要性，而下文则话题一转，指出了高质量教学的难处故选C
41.Habits arebuilt throughlearning and repetition.
41.A routine involves repeated behaviour whileahabit is a deep-rooted urge.
42.Picking upa new habit takes a few week,while buildinga healthyhabittakes a shorter time.Because buildinga healthyhabit takes many months.
43.I have a goodhabit ofgoing to bed earlyand gettingup early.Therefore,I canstudy energeticallyevery morning,which makesme studyefficiently.Also,I amvery healthy.【导语】这是一篇说明文习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响
10.A.patience B.confidence C-tolerance D.independence
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个恰当的单词，在给出1提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空守时.Every cultureis riddledwith unwrittenrules,such asones onpunctuality ImBritish.Soon aftermoving toSwitzerland,I11throw ahouse-warming partyand wasgreatly surprisedwhenall30guests showedup12exact ontime.Years later,having movedto France.I turnedup at theappointed hourfor adinner,only tofind thatno otherguest13arrive andmy hostesswasstillin hersleepingsuit.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个恰当的单词，在给出1提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Mangroves,known as“red foresf9in China,grow betweenland andsea,characterised bytheircomplex roots.When14see fromafar,themangroveforests appearmore splendid.Mangroves canhelp softenwaves andprotect15city fromcoastal winds.For thesereasons,they arepraised ascoastal guardians”.Up tonow,China16establish anumber ofprotected areaswithmangroves.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个恰当的单词，在给出1提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空Nina hasrun marathonsin32countries.All ofher runshaveaguiding purpose:to callattention17global waterissues.Nina recentlyfinished heryear-long seriesof runsin Chicago,18thousandswere attendinga waterconference.She calledfor action19addressthe strugglesof peoplearound theworld20face“too littlewater ortoo dirtywater”.Her effortshave encouragedothers totake partbyrunning througha globalcampaign called6CRun Blue”.
三、阅读理解考查细节理解根据第二段中（习惯是通过学
40.Habits arebuilt throughlearning and repetition.习和重复建立起来的）”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的故填Habits arebuilt throughlearning andrepetition.o考查细节理解根据第三段中
41.While a routineinvolves repeatedbehaviour,its notnecessarily.（虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它performed in response to a deep-rooted urge,asa habit is不一定是为了应对深度-根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样广可知，常规不同于习惯在于常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度-根深蒂固的冲动，故填A routineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour whileahabit is a deep-rooted urge.考查细节理解根据最后一段中
42.“While you are able to pickupa newhabit in a few weeks,it takes.（虽然你可以在儿周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个many monthsto build a healthyhabit健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间）“可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间所以句子“Picking upa newhabit takesa fewweek,while building中错误，应该为故填a healthyhabit takesa shortertime.”a shortertime”many months,Picking upanew habit takesafewweek,while buildinga healthyhabit takesa shortertime.Because buildingahealthy habit takesmany months.o开放试题，言之有理即可题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约个字）”，
43.40答案可以是我有早睡早起的好习惯因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高而且，我彳艮健康故填I havea goodhabit ofgoingtobed earlyand gettingup early.Therefore,I canstudy energeticallyeverymorning,which makesme studyefficiently.Also,I amvery healthy.
44.Dear Jim,Hearing thatyou are planning a club activity with the theme of Green Beijing“and needmy help,Iam writing to offer you my suggestions.I thinkyou cancarry outthis activityin aninteractive andexperiential manner,which meansstudentscan participateand havea betterunderstanding ofGreen Beijing“through gettinginvolved indifferent activities by themselves.You canshowcase garbageclassification onsite,plant treesandpublicize sharingeconomy,which willall fitinto thetheme ofGreen Beijing”.Hopefully,you willget someinspiration from my suggestions.Wish yousuccess.Yours,Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文要求考生给好友策划的“绿色北京”社团活动给出一些Jim建议【详解】.词汇积累建议1suggestion—tip提供徐一r provide开展carryout—conduct主题一theme topic,句式拓展2同义句转换原句Hearing thatyou areplanning aclub activitywith thetheme ofGreen Beijing,,and needmy dhelp,I amwriting to offer you my suggestions.拓展句Since youareplanning aclub activitywith thetheme ofGreen Beijing“and needmy help,I amwritingtoofferyoumysuggestions.【点睛】[高分句型1]Hearing thatyouareplanningaclubactivitywith thethemeofGreen（运用了弓|导宾语从句）Beijing“and needmy help,I amwritingtoofferyoumysuggestions.that[高分句型2]I thinkyou cancarry outthis activityin aninteractive andexperiential manner,whichmeans studentscan participateand havea betterunderstanding ofGreenBeijing,,through getting（运用了引导非限制性定语从句）involved indifferentactivitiesbythemselves.which（）The InternationalOlympic CommitteeIOC Young Leaders programmeempowers talentstomake apositive differencein theircommunities throughsport.Twenty-five Young Leaders arebeingselected everytwo yearsfor afour-year period.They promote the Olympicvalues,spreading themessage of sport for good.（冲刺）.To bean IOC YoungLeader,you need to firstcomplete the4-Week LearningSprint4-Week LearningSprintThe4-Week LearningSprint,which willtake placeduringNovember2023,is avirtual learningprogramme.The sessionscan beattended liveor watchedback aftertheyaremade availableon theIOCchannel.Each week,participants willbe askedto complete a topic-specific reflection task.The4-Week LearningSprint isopen toanyone,withthetarget audienceaged between20and
28.After successfullycompleting the4-Week LearningSprint,youwillneed tosubmit aplan forasport-based project,which youwill workon ifselected asan IOCYoungLeader.Requirements for the Applicants•You havesuccessfully completedthe4-Week LearningSprint.•You havecompleted yourhigh schoolstudies.•You haveat leastone yearof workexperience.•You havestrong publicspeaking skills.•You areself^motivated andcommitted.•You arepassionate aboutcreating positivechange inyour community.（同伴）.•You areopen tobeing coachedand advisedby expertsand peers•You are abletowork withpeople from different backgrounds.
21.In the4-Week LearningSprint,participants will.A.create changein theircommunity B.attend avirtual learningprogrammeC.meet peoplefromdifferentbackgrounds D.promotetheIOCYoungLeaders project
22.If selectedasanIOCYoungLeader,one willneedto.A.completeareflectiontaskeach weekB.watch sportson theIOC channelC.workona sport-based projectD.coach and advise theirpeers
23.Which is a requirementfortheapplicantsA.Spreading themessageofsportforgood.B.Having atleastone-year workexperience.C.Showing greatpassion forproject planning.D.Committing themselvesto becominganexpert.（振动）Sitting in the gardenfor myfriends birthday.I felta buzzin mypocket.My heartracedwhen Isawtheemail sendersname.The emailstarted off:Dear MrGreen,thank youfor yourinterestand thereview processtooklongerthanexpected.,,It endedwithWearesorrytoinform（模糊）.you...”andmyvision blurredThe position-measuring soilquality in the Sahara Desert aspartof anundergraduate researchprogramme-had feltlike theanswer Ihad spentyears lookingfor.Ihadput somuch timeand emotionalenergy intoapplying,and Ithought therejection meanttheend of the roadfor myscience career.So Iwas shockedwhen,not longaftertheemail,Professor MaryDevon,who wasrunning theprogramme,invited meto observethe workbeing donein herlab.I jumpedat thechance,andafewweeks laterIwasequallyshocked—and oveijoyed——whensheinvitedmetotalkwith heraboutpotential projectsIcouldpursueinherlab.What sheproposed didntseem asexciting asthe originalprojectIhadapplied to,but Iwas goingto giveit myall.I foundmyself workingwith arobotics professoron techniquesfor collectingdatafrom thedesert remotely.That project,which Icould completefrommysofa insteadof in theburningheat ofthedesert,not onlysurvived thelockdown butworked wheretraditional methodsdidnt.In theend,Ihad a newscientificinteresttopursue.When Iapplied tograduate school,I foundthree programmespromising toallow meto followmydesired researchdirection.And Iapplied withthe sameanxious excitementas before.When Iwasrejected fromone thathad seemedlike aperfect fit,it wasundoubtedly difficult.But thistime Ihad（视角）the perspectiveto keepit fromsending meinto panic.It helpedthat intheendIwasacceptedinto oneof theother programmesIwasalso excitedabout.Rather thansetting plansin stone,Ive learnedthat sometimesI needtotaketheopportunitiesthatare offered,even ifthey dontsound perfectat thetime,and makethe mostof them.
24.How didthe authorfeel uponseeing theemailsendersnameA.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.A.criticise thereviewprocessB,stay longerintheSaharaDesert
25.After talkingwith ProfessorDevon,the authordecided toC.apply to theoriginalproject againD.put hisheart andsoul into the labworkA.demanding B.inspiring C.misleading D.amusing
27.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.An invitationis areputation.B,An innovationisaresolution.C.A rejectioncan bea redirection.D.A reflectioncan bea restriction.
26.According tothe author,the projectwiththerobotics professorwasIn recentyears,researchers fromdiverse fieldshave agreedthat short-termism isnow asignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.The inabilityto engagewith longer-term causesandconsequences leads to someof the worlds mostserious problems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,and more.The historianFrancis Coleargues that the Westhas entereda periodwhere“onlythe present exists,a presentcharacterised atonce bythe crueltyoftheinstant andby theboredomof anunending now”.（偏向）It has been provedthat peoplehaveabias towardsthe present,focusing onloudattractions inthe momentattheexpense ofthe health,well-being andfinancial stabilityof theirfutureselves orcommunity.In business,this biassurfaces asshort-sighted decisions.And onslow-burning problemslikeclimatechange,it translatesintotheunwillingness to make small（牺牲）sacrifices todaythat couldmake amajor differencetomorrow.Instead,all thatmatters isnextquarters profit,or satisfyingsome othernear-term desires.These biasedperspectives cannotbe blamedon onesingle cause.It isfair tosay,though,thatour psychologicalbiases playamajorrole.Peoples hesitancyto delaysatisfaction is the mostobviousexample,but thereare others.One of them isabout howthemostaccessible informationinthe presentaffects decisionsabout thefuture.For instance,you mighthear someonesay:Its coldthiswinter,so Ineednt worryabout globalwarming.Another is that loudand urgentmatters aregiventoo muchimportance,making peopleignore longer-term trendsthat arguablymatter more.This iswhen apop stardraws farmore attentionthan,say,gradual biodiversitydecline.（夕卜星人）As apsychologist oncejoked,if alienswanted toweaken humanity,they wouldntsendships;they wouldinvent climatechange.Indeed,when itcomes toenvironmentaltransformations,we candevelop aform ofcollective poormemory”,and eachnew generationcanbelieve thestate ofaffairs theyencounter isnothing outoftheordinary.Older peopletoday,forexample,can remembera timewith insect-covered carwindscreens afterlong drives.Children,onthe otherhand,have noidea thatinsect populationhas droppeddramatically.
28.The authorquotes FrancisCole mainlyto.A.draw acomparisonB・introduce atopicC.evaluate astatementD.highlight aproblem
29.What canbe inferredfrom thelast paragraphA.Climate changehasbeenforgotten.B・Lessons ofhistory arehighly valued.C.The humanmind isbad atnoting slowchange.D.Humans areunwilling toadmit theirshortcomings.
30.What doesthe authorintend totell usA.Far-sighted thinkingmatters to humans.B.Humans tendtomakelong-term sacrifices.C.CuiTent policiesfacilitate futuredecision-making.D.Bias towardsthepresenthelps reducenear-term desires.What islife Likemost greatquestions,this oneis easyto askbut difficult to answer.Thereason issimple:we knowof justone typeof lifeand ifschallenging todo sciencewith asamplesize ofone.The field ofartificiallife-called ALifefor short-is thesystematic attemptto spelloutlifes fundamentalprinciples.Many ofthese practitioners,so-called ALifers,think thatsomehowmaking life isthesurest way to reallyunderstand whatlifeis.So farno onehas convincinglymade artificiallife.This trackrecord makesALifearipe targetforcriticism,such asdeclarations ofthe fieldsdoubtful scientificvalue.Alan Smith,a complexityscientist,is tiredof suchcomplaints.Asking about“thepoint“of ALifemight be,well,missing thepointentirely,he says.The existenceofaliving systemisnotabouttheuse ofanything.Alan says.Some peopleask meJ Sowhafs theworthofartificiallife9Do youever think,What isthe worthofyourgrandmother9As muchas manyALifers hateemphasizing theirresearch9s applications,the attemptsto createartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.Artificial intelligencemay beconsidered ALiffescousin（演inthatresearchers inboth fieldsare enamoredby aconcept calledopen-ended evolution化）.This isthe capacityforasystem tocreate essentiallyendless complexity,tobea sortofnovelty generator”.The onlysystem knownto exhibitthis isEarths biosphere.If thefieldof ALifemanages toreproduce lifesendless creativity”in somevirtual model,those sameprinciples couldgiverise totruly inventivemachines.Compared withthe developmentsof Al,advances inALife areharder torecognize.One reason一一isthatALife isa fieldin whichthe centralconcept life itself isundefined.The lackofagreement amongALifers doesnthelp either.The resultisadiverse lineof projectsthat eachadvancealong theirunique paths.For betteror worse,ALife mirrorsthe verysubject itstudies.Its（混乱的）（平行线）muddled progressionisastriking paralleltotheevolutionary strugglesthathave shapedEarth biosphere.Undefined anduncontrolled,ALife drivesits followersto repurposeold ideasand generatednovelty.It may be,of course,that thesecharacteristics arentin anyway surprisingor singular.Theymay applyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.Ultimately ALifemay benothingspecial.But eventhisdismissalsuggestssomethingperhaps,just likelifeitselfthroughout theuniverse,the riseofALife willproveunavoidable.
31.Regarding AlanSmiths defenceof ALife,the authoris_.A.supportive B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.doubtful
32.What doesthe wordenamored“underlined inParagraph3most probablymeanA.Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.
33.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.ALife holdsthe keytohumanfuture.B.ALife andAI sharea commonfeature.C.AI mirrorsthe developmentsofALife.D.AI speedsup theprocess ofhuman evolution.
34.Which wouldbe thebest titleforthepassageA.Life IsUndefined.Can AIBe aWay OutB.Life Evolves.Can ATHelp ALife Evolve,TooC.Life IsUndefined.Can ALifeBe DefinedOne DayD.Life Evolves.Can Attemptsto CreateALifeEvolve,Too
四、七选五Its ajoyful andstressful timeof yearintheUnited Statesfbr studentsand their families astheymake decisionsabout whereto attendcollege.Families oftenturntorankings systemsto helpmakea decision.35When Italk tofamiliesasa scholarof highereducation,theyre oftensurprised thatteachingexcellence isnotcountedinrankings.36Emerging researchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-ranked universities,on average,scoredhigher on teachingthancoursesinhigher-ranked universities.37The absenceof teachingexcellencefromtherankings issurprising giventhe linkbetween high-quality teachingand studentsuccess.Quality teachingis oneofthemost importantpredictors ofa widerange ofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,are onlyone reasonwhy alow valueis placedonteachinginhigher（注education.Administrators oftendont viewteaching excellenceasawaytoincrease enrolment册）or funding.38Research showsthatthemore timeinstructors spendonteaching,the lowertheirsalary.What isthe resultMany instructorscontinue toteach usingtraditional lectures,which leadtolower successrates.39Nevertheless,not muchwill changeuntil schoolswith high-quality teachingarerewarded withmore resources,higher rankingsand increasedenrolments.In thelong term,universities,organisations thatrank schools,and othersshould worktomaketeachingavalued,corepart ofthe mission.What shouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo Theyshould givestrong considerationtouniversities wherehigh-quality teachingis valued,even thoughthe schoolsmayberanked lower.A.Higher educationhas achievedits truepotential.B.Therefore,its nothighly valuedin hiringor promotion.C.Quality teachinghasbeenan importantreputation-building factor.D.However,therankingsignore acritical factor:the qualityof teaching.E.Efforts toimprove teachingattheuniversity levelhave recentlyemerged.F.Theyre evenmore surprisedat howteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.In fact,universities oftenshift emphasisfrom teachingto otherranking factors.
五、阅读表达阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题请在答题卡指定区域作答Habit formationistheprocess bywhich behavioursbecome automatic.People developcountlesshabits asthey exploretheworld,whether theyare awareofthem or not.Understandinghow habitstake shapemaybehelpful inchanging bad habits.Habits arebuilt throughlearningandrepetition.A personis thoughtto developa habitinthe刺激course ofpursuing goalsby beginningto associatecertain cueswith behaviouralresponsesthat helpmeet thegoal.Over time,thoughts ofthe behaviourand ultimatelythe behaviouritself are触发likely tobe triggeredby thesecues.环“A habitloop isawayof describingseveral relatedelements thatproduce habits.Theseelements arecalled thecue,the routine,andthe reward.For example,stress couldserve asa cuethatone respondsto byeating,which producesthereward-the reductionof stress.While aroutineinvolves repeatedbehaviour,its notnecessarily performedinresponsetoadeep-rooted urge,as ahabitis.Old habitscanbedifficulttoshake,and healthyhabits areoften harderto develop.But throughrepetition,its possibleto formnew habits.The amountof timeneeded to buildahabit willdependon multiplefactors,including theindividual andthe intendedbehaviour.While youareabletopickup anewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuilda healthyhabit.Take sometime tothinkabout whatleadstobadhabitsandre-evaluate whatyou getoutofthemordont.Considerand keepin mindwhy youwanttomakeachange,including howthe changereflects yourvalues.
40.How arehabits built
41.In whatway isaroutinedifferent fromahabit
42.Please decidewhich partis falseinthefollowing statement,then underlineit andexplain why.Picking upanewhabit takesafewweek,while buildinga healthyhabittakesashortertime.
43.What benefitshave yougot fromoneofyour goodhabitsIn about40words。
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