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构词法01小贴土对于学英语来说，词汇无疑是第一关面对教材中大量的英语词汇和做题时题目中出现的新词汇，我们常常显得无所适从，苦于记忆单词效率低，遗忘速度快而构词法，则是开•♦•启英语词汇大门的钥匙构词法的学习，更重要的在于运用・♦♦♦英语的构词法主要有转化法，合成法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法等，我们重点掌握三种构词法合成法、转化法与派生法—个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性，而词形不变，单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切water v.浇水n.水动词■一名词O/•转化法）目watch v.观看n.手表open（adj.开着的）—open（v,开）I词■…动词dean（adj.;耨的）……dean（v.打扫）slow（adj.慢的）…slow（v.放慢）由两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词形容词+名词O+ed o名词/代词+名词newspaperwarm-hearted动词+名词0daybreak数词+名词+ed ethree-legged形容词+名词o highway数词+名词O five-star副词十名词outsideII形形容容词词++副名词词meanwhile2名词+v.・ing/v.・ing+名词0handwriting副词+副词e however311名词+形容词/形容词+名词O world-famous介词+名词4everywhere名词+过去分词o man-made介词+副词5名词+现在分词O English-speaking€形容词+现在分词o good-lookingbeforeha合成形容词O副词+现在分词o hardworkingndforever★表示〃重新，再，用在动词前是通过在同根上上加前缀或者后缀G构成一个新词定义rebuild--------------------------------------重新建造recycle再循环；表示意义相反，★主要用在动词.名词review或形容词前复习dislikereconsider重新考虑,不喜欢构disadvantage n.encourage词不利条件，缺点，鼓励®en〃使法•，disbelieve不相信仁international派discover发现国际的e inter-〃相互”生automatic法自动的，之常用在形容词前，♦考automobile auto自动的表示否定意义•前汽车indirect缀间接的antiwar反战的；anti-impossible\©不可能的antifreeze反对，抵抗IM防懒unhealthy不健康的multicultural multi-他0_irregular多种文化的〃多”意不规则的bicycle自义illegal行车；的不合法的bilingual bi-前©双语的〃双，二〃缀unhealthy不健康的；overwork过度工作over-incorrect」overdo〃太多，过分〃不正确的做得过分inactive不活动的self-centered自我中心的；;unsuccessful————lself-〃自己，本身〃ir不成功的self-confident自信的unsuccessfulunderline地铁，under-在卜©不成功的……下的，不足的〃underestimate低估--面--,★表示“可以……的；显示……性质”化学chemistO-able n./v.-*adj.家打O/0typist名字员respectable可敬的eatable可吃的示“从事……者”词Eia-ist»★表示“具有……性质的”o/后riLadj.scientistO/-——缀科学家紧张的著名的nervous famousdangerous★表示“充满……的”表示方式，结果，状态漂亮的B-ful n./v.-*adj.0/beautifulQ.-ment v.—n.0/成功的successful同意失agreement disappointment精彩的\wonderful望★表示“没有……的”表示状况，领域自由智慧-dom00freedom wisdom-th,-ty,-ence ance死亡城头death0honesty无业的Q-less n.-adj.O/jobless二重要性旗无线的importance Osilencecordless形”无家可归的\homele表示“使成为，使……进入状态”容leQ.-fy n./adj.—v.多云的富有的动cloudy wealthy美化使恐怖词beautify horrify-y n.-*adj.0/词滑稽的阳光明媚的funny sunny表示“使成为，使……化”后-isze adj./n.-v.可爱的lovely记住道歉缀—memorize apologize友好friendly的父亲般的fatherly有男子气概的.-ly Okn.—*adj.0manly愚蠢的foolish基础的bask科学的scientific医药的medical昂贵的expensive其它・个人的ish,-ic,-ical,-ive,-aln.-*adj.Q personal教育的educational政治的political进步的progressive___nervously紧张地noisily吵闲地广-ly adj.-adv.O/常考后副词后缀最后安静地finally quietly级表示人或物演讲者，扬声器旅客OX-er0speaker passenger表示人竞争者董事X--or v.-*n.O competitordirector\\I//典例分析:【典例1】The wholearea hasbeen affectedby snowstorms inAmerica.bad.参考译文」在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响.答案详解|提示词是形容词，意为“严重的”，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意bad为”在美国，整个地区受到了暴雪的严重影响.设空处的单词修饰动词且意思是‘严affected重地”，所以应填的副词形式所以答案为bad badly,badly.【典例2】参考译文」登山者成The mountainclimbersin findingthe wayand gotto thetop finally.successful功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶.答案详解提示词是形容词，意为“成功的”，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句successful意为“登山者成功地找到了路并最终到达了山顶.由于设空处单词在句子中作谓语，且后面的动词是过去式,所以应填动词的过去式所以答案为:got succeedsucceeded,succeeded.【典例3】These softwarewillus toconnect computersto theInternet moreeasily,ability参考译文这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来.答案详解提示词的名词，意为“能力”，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为，，ability这些软件使我们能够更轻易地把电脑和网络连起来.，，，由于设空处单词放在助动词后*11面且后面有宾语所以应填动词使能够，固定用法，使某人能us,enable enablesb todo sth做某事.所以答案为enable.【典例4】John feltvery thirstyand hedrank twoof water,glass参考译文|约翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水.答案详解提示词是名词，意为“杯子”，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为”约glass翰感到非常口渴，他喝了两杯水.由于设空处单词放在数词后面，表示“两杯水”，所two以应填复数形式所以答案为glasses,glasses.【典例5】Mr.Black willmake aspeech inour schoolhall at1200tomorrow.speak参考译文布莱克先生将于明天点在学校大厅举行一次演讲.12答案详解|提示词是动词，意为“说“，根据所给单词结合语境可以推测句意为”布speak莱克先生将于明天点在学校大厅举行一次演讲.由于设空处单词放在后面，构成12make a短语“做演讲”，所以应填所以答案为speech,speech.一.构词法一
1.合成法A.daily B-actor C・pancake D.discussion
1.Which ofthe followingwords isformed in the same way assnowball A.inventor B・raincoat C.dishonest D.careless
2.Which ofthe followingwords isformed likehomework？
3.-Lets goon foot.Its walkfrom hereto thecinema.A.a twentyminute B.a twenty-minuteC.a twenty-minutes D.a twenty-minutes
4.The GoldenGate Bridgeis afamous landmarkin SanFrancisco.The USA.Which ofthefollowing words is createdin thesamewayas theword landmarkA.unpleasant B.useless C.summertime D.surprising
5.Dear Peter,you havegrown up,and youcan decideyour future・you
6.Which ofthe followingwordsisformed likehandbagA.meaningful B,snowman C・protection D.impatient
7.Kate isgirl.She*s veryhappy atschool.A.a eighteen-year-oldB・an eighteen-year-oldC・an eighteen-years-oldD.a eighteen-years-old
1.5day
8.5-day C.5days D.5-days
9.The CenturyPark isfar fromhere,indeed itsabout walk.A.two hoursB,a twohoursC.a two-hours D.a two-hour
10.Well beaway fortwo weeksbecause wellhave a
8.After thefinal exams,I willhave avacation inHainan.A.two-weeks holidayB.two-weeksholidaysC.two-week holidayD.two-weeks holiday二.构词法2派生法（共29小题）
11.The boyslike playingbasketball becausethey thinkthey canberelax
12.Rich orpoor,young orold,we allhave problems.And unlesswe dealwith them,we caneasybecome unhappy.
13.The studentmissed thetour aroundDonggao Park.enjoy
14.luck,John gotback thenotebook thathe hadlost at the cafe.
15.Linda is a topstudent,she ishard-working.real
16.It isimportant forus toprotect naturewise.
17.Larry hasput ontoo muchweight becauseof hisdiet,healthy
18..Mother wasvery angrybecause Iwrote care.
19.They couldntbelieve theirears whenthey gotthe expectedresult.
20.Nowadays,Wechat iswide usedamong youngpeople.
21.Granny isseventy yearsold nowand she isalittle forget.
22.The EiffelTower,a culturalicon ofFrance,was completedattheend ofthenineteencentury.
23.He is one ofthe greatsciencein theworld.
24.The greatheld abig paintingexhibition inShanghai lastAugust.art
25.・Its terriblecold today.You shouldput onmore clothes.
26.Tom issuch aboy thathe alwaystells a lie whenhe makesa mistakehonest
27.When it*s rainingoutside,the streetsusually becomemuch busier.heavy
28.People aroundare happyto makefriends withMike becauseof his.honest
29.We watchthe・raise ofthe nationalflag inthe playgroundevery Mondaymorning.
30.The fruitand vegetablesare goodfor thehealth developof children.
31.I haventreceived anyletters frommy penfriend inEngland recent
32.It wasof youto tellalieabout yourage inthe interview,honest
33.My sisterison the leftand1m the one onthe right,ten
34.The storyis toldin picturesinstead ofwith words.main
35.You needto pressthe buttonto turnoff theradio.five
36.We foundthat armylife hadchanged theyoung man.complete
37.It maynot takea long time tofind ato theproblem.solve
38.Sandy enjoysreading booksand shebelieves itcan herwhole life.rich
39.Which ofthe followingsuffixes isused toform anadjectiveA.-less B.-ness C.-tion D.-ment三.构词法-
3.转化法共31小题
40.-I dontwant totake the plane there.Im afraidof flying.-In fact,theplaneis safeamong differentforms oftransport.
41.Our Englishteacher oftenasks usto havea discussin groupsof four.
42.If youwant toeat morehealth,you shouldeat lessmeat and more vegetables.
43.While thegirl shop,the aliengot out.
44.He hasnttold thetrue.He islying.
45.Look,the babyis wake.He islooking atus witha smile.
46.She lookedangry atfirst butlater shehappily talkedwith others.
47.Madame Curiewill alwaysbe rememberedfor herdiscover ofradium.雾霾
48.The environmentis moreandmorepolluted.How Iwish theheavy hazecould_appear inourcity.
49.We finallycame toan agree-I wouldcook andAnn wouldclean.
50.Those thiefcar wasseen parkingbehind thebank.
51.Everyone likesMillie inour classbecause shetalks toothers polite.
52.Dont lookhere andthere whileiron theclothes.Its dangerous.
53.Always rememberthat noone canwithout workinghard.success
54.Last summerI wentfor abudget tripwith myfather to.It wasgreat fun.German
55.The roomwas filledwith smoke,and itwas becomingdifficult to.breath
56.We oftenask ushow wecan domore forour country.
57.World EnvironmentDay isonthefive ofJune.
58.I wonderhow mucha pandausually weightwhen itis bom.
59.Toms parentsare withhim becauseheisworking veryhard,please
60.The doctorwas tootired afterheonthe patientfor alongtime.operation
61.The articletells usthat sometimesmoney doesntbring tous.happy
62.Mum hasbought alot offood fromthe supermarketnearby.freeze
63.Several workerswere injuredintheaccident.serious
64.We shouldtry inevery waynot tolet thosefactories meenvironment,pollution
65.The wholearea hasbeen affectedby snowstorms inAmerica.bad.。
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