初中英语重要语法精讲精练宾语从句（江苏专用）

专题宾语从句10

一、宾语从句的概念宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语［例］（动词宾语）l.We knowMr Greenteaches English.（介词宾语）

2.Miss Zhangis angryat whatyou said.I lovewhat

二、宾语从句三要素连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用引导，无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略.

1.that that【例】连接（词）从句l.She told me that she wouldlike to go with us.

2.He said that hecould finishhis workbefore supper.•当由一般疑问句或者选择疑问句充当宾语从句时，用或引导，意为“是否”2if whether［例］

1.1dont know if/whether hestill liveshere afterso manyyears.

2.He askedme whether if Icould helphim.但在下列情况下只能用whether

①在具有选择意义，又有或时，尤其是直接与连用时，往往用or or not or not whether［彳列］Let me know whetherhe will come ornot.=Let me know whetherornothe willcomeI wonderwhether westay orwhether wego.2在介词之后用whethero［例］我关心的是他是否喜欢英语Em interestedin whetherhe likesEnglish.我担心是否伤了她的感情I worryabout whetherI hurther feelings.3在不定式前用whethero【例】他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人He hasnt decided whether to visitthe oldman.我不矢口去否I dont know whethertogo.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去He hasn*tdecidedwhethertogo bybus orby train.

④置于句首时，不能换用whetherif【例】这是否真的我说不上来Whether thisis trueornot,I cantsay.

⑤若用会引起歧义时，则用if whethero如Please letme know if youlike thebook.可理解为.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书a.Please letmeknowwhether youlike thebook你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我b.If youlike thebook,please letmeknow.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导

3.［例］

1.1dont knowwhy thetrain islate.

2.The teacherasked thenew studentswhich classhe wasin.

2.语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分，【例】

1.1think thatyou willlike thisschool soon.

2.Can you tell me how Ican getto zoo

3.She askedme ifI knewwhose penit was.注意如果what，s wrong/what与the matter在句中充当宾语从句，语序不变如果疑问词what或who在从句中作主语，其引导的句子作宾语从句时语序也不变【例题精讲】例

1.1want to know whafswrong withyou.例

2.She doesnt know whatsthe matterwith him.例

3.Jack didntknow whathappened.例

4.1want to know whatson thedesk.

3.时态.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态1［例］

1.1dont know when he willcome back.

2.He tellsme thathis sistercame backyesterday.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过

2.去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式［例］l.She saysthat sheis a student.xShe saidthat she was astudent.«

2.She saysthat she will flyto Japanin a week.xShe saidthat shewould flyto Japanin aweek.A/

3.She saysthat shehas finishedher homeworkalready.xShe saidthatshehad finishedher homeworkalready.4）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从

3.句时态都用一般现在时【彳列】l.The teachersaidthat the earthgoes roundthe sun.

2.He told me thatJapan is an islandcountry.注意如果主句中出现could you/would you,这些不是过去时，而只是表示委婉语气，用法视为一般现在时，所以从句依具体时态而定Could youtell mehow Ican getto thelibraryCould youtell usif hehas beento theGreat Wall

三、宾语从句注意要点和既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的if when不同和引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引if when导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如“和“当……时候、当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查【例】你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？

1.—Do youknow whenhewillcomebacktomorrow一对不起，不知道当他回来了，我将告诉Sorry,I dontknow.When hecomes back,Ill tellyou.你一我不知道他是否会来

3.I dontknowifhewillcome.一如果不下雨，他会来的He willcome ifit doesntrain.

四、宾语从句的简化方法一当主句谓语动词是（和主观决定有关）等，且宾语从句的主语hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构［彳列］一Li Minghopes hewill be back very soon.Li Minghopes tobebackverysoon.一We decidedthat wewould helphim.We decidedto helphim.方法二当主句谓语动词是（和记忆认知有关）等动词，且主句主语与从句主know,learn,remember,forget,tell语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构［彳列］She hasforgotten howshe canopen the window.—She hasforgotten howto openthewindow.［例］一Could youtell mehow Ican getto thestation Could youtell mehowto getto thestation方法三当主句的谓语动词是（命令），（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句rder require可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构［彳列］一方The headmasterordered thatwe shouldstart at once.The headmasterordered usto startatonce.法四某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化［例］He insistedthat heshould gowith us.—He insistedon goingwithus.The poorboy doesntknowwhenand wherehewasborn.—The poorboy doesntknow thetime andthe placeof hisbirth.方法五某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语形式（作宾语补足语）”结构+V-ing［例］一Liu Pingfound that there wasa wallet lying on the ground.Liu Pingfound awalletlyingonthe ground.方法六动词后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化seem［仞］It seemedthattheboys weregoing towin.—The boysseemed towin.特殊句式的转化［例］一I found that itwas difficultto learnEnglish well.I foundit difficultto learnEnglish well.Soon wefoundthatthegroundwas coveredwith thicksnow.—Soon wefound theground coveredwith thicksnow.

五、宾语从句的反义疑问句主句的谓语动词是等,并且主句的主语think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess是第一人称而且为一般现在时，宾语从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致（）I think he isntastudent.x（）I dontthink heis astudent.4I dontthinkheisastudent,如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We findthat henever listensto theteacher carefully,does he把下列句子合并成一句1These flowersare from Guangdong.He said.He saidthese flowersfromGuangdong.2Light travelsfaster than sound.My teachertold me.My teachertoldmelight fasterthansound.3Can theyspeak FrenchI wantto know.I wanttoknow______________________________________French.4Are the children playinggames Tell me.Tellmethechildrengames.5How manypeople canyou seein thepicture WhoknowsWho knows_________________________________________________in thepicture6What doeshe oftentalk aboutThe girlwondered.The girlwondered oftenabout.7Who knockedatthe door so loudly I dontknow.Idontknow atthedoorsoloudly.【答案】

1.that,were

2.that,travels

3.whether theycan speak4・whether,are playing

5.how manypeople youcansee

6.what hetalked

7.who knocked用合适的连接词填空

1.Wang Haitoldmehe didntgo hikingyesterday afternoon.how,why

2.She saidit wouldntmatter much.that,if

3.He alwaysthinks hecan dobetter.how,who

4.They don*tknowwe aregoing hiking,when,what

5.She wanted toknowher coatwould beready thenext day.when,if【答案】l.why

2.that

3.how

4.when

5.if动词填空

1.1didnt realizeI leavethe keyat homeuntil Igot tomy car.So Ihad togo back.

2.Jack saidhereturn thetwo booksto thelibrary inaweek.

3.The oldscientist wasawarded agold medalfor whathe doforthe developmentof modemscience sincethemid-twentieth century.

4.It wasa pitythat younot attend themeeting lastFriday afternoon.

5.The teacherwantedtoknowifIfinish mycomposition.

6.It wasraining hard,but noneof themsaid theystopworking inthe fields.

7.Xiao Wangdidnt wantto tellme anythingabout whathe justhear.

8.My brothersaid heletme havethe bikeas soonas hehad cleanedit.【答案】

1.had left

2.would return

3.had done

4.didn9tattend

5.had finished

6.would stop

7.had heard

8.would let链接中考扬州市中考

202214.—Excuse me,could youtellme一You cantake No.6bus there.Its about15minutes ride.A.how faris the Slender West Lake B.how fartheSlender WestLakeisC.how canI getto theSlender WestLake D.how Ican getto theSlenderWestLake【答案】D【解析】句意——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去瘦西湖吗？一一^你可以在那里乘坐6路公交车大约15分钟的车程考查宾语从句句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“You cantake No.6bus there”可知上句询问应如何去某地，用how引导宾语从句故选D宿迁市中考一

202214.Jenny,do youknow—Er,next Tuesday.A.when the sports meetingwill takeplace B.when willthe sports meeting takeplaceC.where thesportsmeetingwill takeplace D.where willthesportsmeeting takeplace【答案】A【解析】句意——珍妮，你知道运动会什么时候举行吗？——额，下周二考查宾语从句句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据“next Tuesday”可知上文询问时间,用when引导宾语从句故选A（连云港市中考）一

202213.Couldyouplease tellme一You cantake No.2Bus.A.when wasthe nearest hospital builtB.how canI getto thenearest hospitalC.when thenearest hospitalwas builtD.how Ican getto thenearesthospital【答案】D【解析】考查宾语从句和问路的方式D表示“我怎样能够到达最近的医院”（无锡市中考）一

20228.Julie wasplaying thepiano everytime Isaw her.一You know.A.every doghas itsday B.many handsmake lightworkC.practice makesperfect D.the earlybird catchesthe worm【答案】c【解析】考查谚语辨析这句话的意思是每次我看见茱莉亚她都在弹钢琴你知道“孰能生巧”的道理（泰州市中考）

20229.—Mum,do youknow An engineer.——Thafs interesting.I guessyou oftenfix thingsfor othersin yourschool.A.what domy classmates call meB.what my classmates call meC.why domyclassmatescallmeD.why myclassmatescallme【答案】B【解析】句意——妈妈，你知道我的同学叫我什么吗？一名工程师——这很有趣我猜你经常在学校帮别人修东西考查宾语从句此处是宾语从句，需用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“Anengineer.可知，是“叫我什么”,用what故选B。