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专题形容词副词03形容词、副词的基本考点:形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1.形容词变成副词
2.形容词和副词的位置
3.形容词和副词词义辨析
4.一)、形容词的种类)以不同后缀结尾的形容词1以结尾的形容词,A.-ful careful,helpful,usefulB.以-less结尾的形容词,careless,homeless,helpless,useless以结尾的形容词,C.-able,-ibleD.以-al结尾的形容词,international,national,traditionalE.以-ive结尾的形容词,expensive,active以结尾的形容词,famous,dangerousF.-ous)以结尾的形容词2-ly如friendly,motherly,manly,womanly与人有关,像…样的,A.如与日期有关,每…的,monthly,yearly,weekly,B.如活泼的,可爱的与抽象名词结合,充满…的lonely,lively lovelyC.comfortable,probable,enjoyable,possible,impossible)形容词3-ing)形容词4-ed)合成形容词低洼的,令人心碎的5low-lying heart-breaking二)、形容词的用法)作定语1形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后他住在一座漂亮的房子里e.g.He livesin a beautiful house.今天的报纸上没有什么重要的内容There is nothing importantin todayknewspaper.作表语,放在系动词等之后2be,feel,look,smell,taste,sound,get,become,keep,turn,seem可知中国结、中国剪纸、中国戏曲都是中国传统文化,故knot,Chinese paper-cutting andChinese opera”选C(苏州市中考)(最容易的)
202233.Asking questionsis one of theways tolead youto activelearning.【答案】easiest【解析】句意问问题是引导你积极学习的最简单的方法之一“最容易的”,用于easiest“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构中,故填easiest(苏州市中考)
202235.Its necessaryfbr teenagersto learnhow tospend theirpocket money(明智地).【答案】wisely【解析】句意青少年有必要学习如何明智地使用他们的零花钱“明智地”,在句中修饰动词,wisely故填wisely(苏州市中考)
202236.The doctorsadvice onkeeping healthy is wtaking.【答案】(w)orth【解析】句意医生关于保持健康的建议值得采纳根据飞The doctoradvice onkeeping healthyis w・・・taking.可知,医生的建议值得采纳,此处是be worthdoingsth,值得做某事”,故填(w)orth(扬州市中考)()
202246.Let merepeatwhat hejust said.exact【答案】exactly【解析】句意让我准确地重复他刚说的话动词用副词修饰表达“准确地”用的副“repeat”“exact”词形式故填“exactly”exactlyo(扬州市中考)
202249.After anights rain,the mountainsare much greener andthe airis much.()fresh【答案】fresher【解析】句意下了一夜的雨,山更绿了,空气也更清新了“清新的”,根据fresh“the mountainsare以及可知此处用形容词的比较级作表语故填muchgreener”“much”freshero(宿迁市中考)一
202255.Many studentsin ourclass likeJames becausehe nevergets angryeasily.一(有耐心的).I agreewith you.He isvery【答案】patient【解析】句意一一我们班许多学生喜欢詹姆斯,因为他从不轻易生气——我同意你的观点他非常有耐心根据中文提示可知,此空应填形容词“有耐心的”作表语,故填patient patient(宿迁市中考)
202256.Natural resourcesare veryimportant forus andwe shoulduse them(明智地).【答案】wisely【解析】句意自然资源对我们很重要,我们应该明智地利用它们由中文提示可知,英语中“明智地”是是一个副词,在句中修饰动词故填wisely,use,wisely(宿迁市中考)()
202260.While TanDun wasyoung,he oncemade musicwith notspecial objectslike stonesand paper.【答案】common【解析】句意谭盾年轻时曾用石头、纸等普通物品创作音乐此空缺少形容词修饰名词结合objects,提示词以及可知,这些都是普通的物品,“普通的”,故填“like stonesandpaper.”common commono根据短文内容,用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空,使短文完整(无锡市中考)(持久的)
202238.Helen developeda friendshipwith herteacher.【答案】
38.lasting(无锡市中考)(现场直播)
202240.1hope theFIFA WorldCup willbe coveredas usual.【答案】
40.live(无锡市中考)()
202242.Jerry studiedmany languagessimple forpleasure.【答案】
42.simply(无锡市中考)()
202244.Jim isno longafraid ofmaking newfriends atschool now.【答案】
44.longer(泰州市中考)(有声读物)
202262.Audiobooks areso welcomethat thenumber of the listenersis increasing()rapid.【答案】rapidly【解析】句意有声读物是如此受欢迎,听众的数量正在增加此处在句中修饰动词,用副词形式,故填rapidlyo(泰州市中考)()
202266.Students havelittle homeworkthan beforebecause of the“double reduction^^policy(“双减”政策).【答案】less【解析】句意由于“双减”政策,学生的作业量比以前少了根据可知此处应用的比较级“than”little故填less,lesso(镇江市中考)()
202238.Eddie,look atyour tidyroom.Youd betterkeep everythingin order.【答案】untidy【解析】句意埃迪,看看你那凌乱的房间你最好保持一切井然有序根据“Yoifd betterkeep everything可知,房间是凌乱的,“不整洁的,凌乱的”,是形容词修饰其后的名词,故填in order.”untidy untidyo(镇江市中考)()
202240.The machinewas repairedlast Saturday.Now itis runningsmooth.【答案】smoothly【解析】句意:这台机器是上周六修理的现在运行顺利“顺畅的”,是形容词,此处应用副smooth词修饰动词,故填smoothly(镇江市中考)(苗条的)
202242.In myfamily,dad is the strongest,mum is the and I am the cutest.【答案】slimmest【解析】句意在我的家里,爸爸是最强壮的,妈妈是最苗条的,我是最可爱的“苗条的”,根slim据可知,此处应使用形容词最高级,故填“dad is the strongest,mum isthe...andIamthecutest”slimiTiesto.他的主意听起来很棒e.g.His ideasounds great批注:有少数形容词只能作表语,不能作定语,如alone,alive asleep,afraid,alight,ashamed^drunk,illy well,unable,y上述形容词不能作前置定语,但可作后置定语如:sure.alive,asleepHe isthe greatestpoet alive.有少数形容词只能做定语,不能作表语,如(活的)little,live elder,eldest.)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后,常与等动词连用3make,leave,keep,End他们每天保持教室干净e.g.They keepthe classroomclean everyday.我们发现学好英语很重要We findit importantto learnEnglish well.)形容词的名词化有些形容词放在定冠词之后,表示一类人,常见的有:4good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,等black/white,living/dead,beautiful/good老年人应该受到很好的照顾e.g.The oldshould betaken goodcare of.三)、形容词的位置)形容词与不定代词等连用时,要放在这些词后面1something,anything,nothing,everything如Is thereanything interestingin todaysnewspaper)如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时、其前后排列顺序一般如下2限定词(…)+数量词(先序数词后基数词)+观点+大小+形状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+a/the,this/some/her名词如一件又脏又日的黑色衬衣a dirtyold blackshirt I批注:顺口溜“大小形状和新老,颜色国籍出(处)材料%多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的,其顺序为:
①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+
②序数词+基数词+
③一般性描绘形容词+
④大小、长短、形年龄、新旧+
⑥颜色+
⑦国籍、出处+
⑧材外
⑨用途、类别,⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词例如一朵美丽的小花abeautifullittle redflower我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子I havea big,round,red,wooden,Chinese table.四)、副词的定义和种类副词的定义用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词叫做副词不少副词同时也可用作介词或其它词类如(副词,作时间状语)你以前读过这本书吗?Have youread thisbook beforeHewill arrivebefore teno^lock.(介词,before teno9clock是介词短语,作时间状语)他将在10点钟前到达副词的分类)时间副词1表示发生时间的副词表示动作(事件)发生的时间A.这类副词常见的有:()等ago,before,lately,later on,now,recently,then,today,tomorrow,tonight,yesterday表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词等一般位于系动词、情B.always,often,usually,sometimes,never,ever,hardly态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前)地点副词2地点副词有等地点副词和动词连用A.outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,back,off,up,anywhere时不加介词批注:地点副词和动词连用时不加介词,如前面不能加介词home,there,here她在国外留学e.g.She isstudying abroad.还有一些部分与介词同形的副词它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词B.
①用作介词起立!Stand up!
②用作副词猫爬上了树A catclimbed upthe tree.)程度副词3有等有些程度副词可以修饰形容词原级,有些能修饰形容词比较级very,quite,rather.too,much,so例如:你比我唱的好多了You singmuch betterthan me.他们的房子比我们的好多了Their houseis muchnicer thanours.五)、副词的用法副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子请仔细看黑板e.g.Please look at theblackboard carefully.这辆轿车相当昂贵The caris quiteexpensive.很不幸,他错过了火车Unluckily,he missedthe train.批注:等副词常用来修饰句子actually/luckily/generally/unfortunately六)、副词的位置注意:修饰形容词和副词时,要放在所修饰词之后enough如.他起得足够早,可以赶上公共汽车He gotup earlyenough tocatch thebus)按一般规则,既有地点状语又有时间状语时,地点状语应放在时间状语之前3我们昨天下午在教室开了一个会e.g Wehad ameeting in the classroomyesterday afternoon.他昨晚在家看电视He watchedTV athome lastnight.七)、形容词与副词的转换形容词可以通过变换规则转换成形容词)大部分形容词加;1ly;;e.g.careless——carelessly quiet——quietly different——differently)以结尾的形容词变为;2le lely;;;;e.g.possible——possibly terrible——terribly comfortable——comfortably gentle——gently simple——simply批注:初中阶段唯一一个需要去掉字母的单词e true-truly)以结尾的形容词变为;3y yily;;;;;e.g.easy——easily angry——angrily noisy——noisily happy——happily heavy——heavilyhealthy——healthily)不规则变化4本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变;A.;;;;;;e.g.fast——fast early——early high——highhard——hard late——late far——far wide——wide形容词和副词为完全不同的单词alone——alone B.e.g.good——well虽然以结尾,但却是形容词,不能直接用来修饰动词;C.ly;;;;很有可能的e.g.friendly livelylovely lonelylikely有些形容词本身即为副词,同时也有加的副词形式但加不加意思不一样,使用时需注意D.ly ly(形容词,宽阔的,睁大的)-—(副词,睁大地)(副词,广泛地),(形容词,晚的)e.g.wide wide/widely latelate(副词,晚地),(最近)(形容词,高的)--(副词,高地)(副词,高度地)lately highhigh/highly八)、形容词、副词比较级和最高级知识点1比较级、最高级的规则变化great—greater—greatest)单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形式是在词1fast—faster—fastest尾加构成erestwide---wider---widest)以结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级2-enice-nicer-nicest是在词尾加构成rsthappy-happier-happiest)以辅音字母结尾的单音节形容词、副词的比较级3yearly---earlier---earliest和最高级,把改为后加、构成yier estclever--cleverer-cleverest)少数双音节形容词、副词的比较级和最高级也是在4healthy-healthier-healthiest词尾加构成erestbig-bigger-biggest)重读闭音节的形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是双5thin-thinner-thinnest写最后一个辅音字母加、er estobeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful)大多数双音节和多音节形容词、副词的比较级和最6carefully-more carefully--most carefully高级是在前面加和来构成more mostearly-earlier-earliest)以结尾的副词,如果是后缀的,加和7ly lymore mostwarmly---more warmly—most warmly来构成比较级和最高级如果不是后缀的,加、ly er构成比较级和最高级estSpring isthe bestseason inKun Ming.)副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于形容词的8He ismy bestfriend.最高级前一定要有限定词,如物主代词等而副the,He jumpsfarthest in his class.词的最高级前可以不用定冠词thegood---better---best;bad/badly/ill---worse---worst)比较级、最高级的不规则变化9many/much---more---most;little-less--leastfar---further/farther-furthest/farthestHe isthe beststudent in his class.副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于形容词的10He runsfastest in his class.最高级前一定要有限定词,如物主代词等而副the,词的最高级前可以不用定冠词the知识点2形容词、副词的比较等级的用法原级的用法e.g
1.Xiao Wangis astall asXiao Yu.原级+表示两者在某方面程度样1as+as notso as+
2.He didthe workas carefullyas her.原级+表小前者不如后者as+名词+表示同等比较2the samease.g
1.A isthe same size asB.A的尺码与B一样和尺码一样
2.A andB areof thesamesize.A B3修饰原级的词very,too,quite,so...e.g
1.He isa verygood boy.
2.He watchedthe tigerquite carefullyin thezoo.比较级的用法e.g
1.Our teacheris taller than us.形容词、副词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较表
12.It iswarmer todaythan itwas yesterday.示在两者中间一方比另一方“更加…”连词后可than
3.The clothesin thisshop aremore expensivethan接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、those inthat shop.动词、动词不定式、结构和结构ing ed批注:than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致
4.Judy doesher homeworkmore carelessthan Lily.e.gimportant---less important---least important形容词前如加和则表不“较不“和“最2less leastThis room isless beautifulthan that one.不”=Thisroomisnotso beautifulas thatone.less...than=not asso...ase.g
1.The moreyou study,the moreyou know.一方随另一方的程度而变化时用比较级3the+...the+
2.The more,the better.比较级表小”越…就越…”
3.The harderhe works,the happierhe feels.4)本身程度发生改变时用“形容词或副词比较级+e.gIts gettinghotter andhotter.同一个形容词或副词比较级,表示“越来and+The girlhas doneher homeworkmore andmore越…”carefully sincelast term.多音节词的只需用+形容词或副词”“more andmore构成此用法5比较级前可用a little,a bit,a lot,any,still,far,e.gThis bookis farmore expensivethan thatone.等词语表示超过另方的程度much,even He works muchharder thanhis brother.6)表示一方比另一方更…多少时,可以在比较级前e.gMy brotheris twoyears olderthan me.加名词)当两者比较,只出现一方,且句中含有7of the two e.g He isthetaller ofthetwoboys.时,比较级前要加表示特指两者当中较…的一the,个8)倍数的表达e.gThis bridge is threetimes aswide asthatone.
①倍数二+as…as This bridgeistwice widerthan thatone.
②倍数+比较级+than=Thisbridgeis threetimes widthof thatone.
③倍数+名词the++of)否定+比较级用法二最高级的用法9e.g Icant finda betterone.般用于情景交际中=This oneisthebest.)用比较级的形式表达最高级的意思在这种情10e.g Heis tallerthan anyother studentinhisclass.any况下,往往是将一个人或是一件事与其他所有的人、里面已排除了other studenthe物或其他中任意一个人、物进行比较自己不可以试比较Shanghai is larger than any cityin Australia.与自己相比较,所以常在状语中用any,other,else Shanghaiislargerthananyother cityin类的字眼China.Heistallerthananyone elseinhisclass.最高级的用法1)三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the+e.g ZhangHua isthe tallestof amongthe three.最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”的结构表示其中Heworksthe hardestinhisclass.表示范围的介词使用规律为或接个体数量;接范围of amongin2)用于特殊句型中,如one of+最高级+名词复e.g Shanghaiis oneofthebiggest citiesin China.数)与序数词连用e.g TheYellow Riveristhesecond longestriver in3China.链接中考(扬州中考)
20229.Ifsof theboy to leave thetap running.A.endless B.homeless C.meaningless D.careless【答案】D【解析】句意这个男孩离开时忘记关水龙头很粗心大意考查形容词辨析无止境的;无家可归的;无意义的,无价值的;粗心大意endless homelessmeaningless careless的根据“toleavethe taprunning”,可知表达这个男孩走的时候没关水龙头很粗心故选Do(宿迁中考)
202210.Amy didvery wellin herreport.She isto pay attention to every detail.A.enough carefulB.careful enoughC.enough carelessD.careless enough【答案】B【解析】句意艾米的报告做得很好她很细心,对每一个细节都很注意考查形容词辨析以及的用法仔细的;粗心的根据可知,enough carefulcareless“payattentiontoeverydetail”对每一个细节都很注意,说明是一个很细心的人,排除和选项修饰形容词要放在其后,故选C Denough B(连云港中考)
20228.We arethatthe GreatWall isoneofthe wondersofthe world.A.friendly B.brave C.nervous D.proud【答案】D【解析】考查形容词的词义辨析这句话的意思是“我们感到自豪伟大的长城是世界奇迹之一”
12.On April16th,astronauts ZhaiZhigang,Wang Yapingand YeGuangfu cameback toEarth fromtheTiangong spacestation.A.widely B.especially C.highly D.safely【答案】D【解析】考查副词的词义辨析这里选的是“安全地”的意思,表示“安全地返回地球”safely(无锡中考)
20223.Oh,she smiles!She nods!She understands!Weve gotdog in theworld.A.a clevererB.the cleverestC.a shyerD.the shyest【答案】B【解析】考查形容词的最高级这句话的意思是“我们已经得到了世界上最聪明的狗”(无锡中考)
202211.―Cindy,can Ilookatyour notebookIt looksspecial.—Sorry.I usuallywrite downsomething init.A.perfect B.practical C.pleasant D.private【答案】D【解析】考查形容词的词义辨析笔记本上一般记的东西属于个人的隐私,这里选择选项,表示“私D人的”(泰州中考)
20226.The summervacation iscoming.Dont swiminthelake,when youare alone.A.probably B.possibly C.especially D.exactly【答案】c【解析】句意暑假快来了不要在湖里游泳,尤其是一个人的时候考查副词辨析可能;可能;尤其;确切地根据probably possiblyespecially exactly“Doift swiminthe可知,不要在湖里游泳,尤其是独自去故选lake,...when youare alone.”C(泰州中考)
20222.cultures suchas Chineseknot,Chinese paper-cutting andChinese operaare deeplylovedby students.A.Social B.Modern C.Traditional D.Natural【答案】c【解析】句意中国结、中国剪纸、中国戏曲等传统文化深受学生喜爱考查形容词辨析社会的;现代的;传统的;自然的根据Social ModernTraditional Natural“Chinese。
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