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专题介词04介词的基本考点介词的分类
1.介词固定搭配
2.一)、介词的分类表示时间的介词
1.()表示“在…之时”的介词1in,on,at
①in表示某年、某季节、某月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等如在夏天in summer在一月in January在年in20122012在上午in themorning
②on表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚如在月日on August8th88在星期一on Monday在元旦on NewYears Day在一个寒冷的早晨on acold morning在周日下午on Sundayafternoon
③at表示某一时刻或比较短暂的时间如在点分at5:10510在.••的开端at thebeginning of...at the end of在••・的末尾在…岁时at theage of在晚上at night在正午at noon与此同时at thesame time注意等词之前一律不能直接加介词如:this,that,last,next,everyturn的短语总结turn off关闭(电器)turn up调turn on打开(电器)图turn down调低短语
28.up占据(时间,空间)take upputup张贴set up建立,设立调高音量turn up放弃起来give upget up吃光eat up用光清理干净use uptidy up打扫干净clean up提出,想出come upwith把变成turn....into【例题精讲】类型
一、词义辨析[例1]The teacher-free exam^^means thatstudents take their examsteachers.Students mustbemore honest.A.without B.against C.through D.with【答案】A【例】2They wentclimbing themorning ofMay Iand cameback theafternoon.A.on;on B.in;in C.on;in D.in;on【答案】C类型
二、固定搭配【彳列3]——We mustbe strictourselves.一I thinkso.A.with B.on C.in D.by【答案】A类型
三、介词短语辨析【彳列】4Mr.Wu isstanding the classroom.There is a teachersdesk him.A.in front of;in front of B.in the front of;in thefront ofC.in front of;in thefront ofD.in thefront of;in frontof【综合练习】
1.Dont stayinside sucha sunnymorning.Lets go out toenjoy thegentle windand.the sweetflowers.A.on B.in C.from【答案】A
2.Tim is going togive hisfather asurprise FathersDay.A.in B.at C.on D.・by【答案】c
3.Nobody couldsolve thisdifficult problemalone others9help.汕A.with B.for C.w outD.from【答案】c
4.We shouldbe kindto theold andtake carethem in daily life.A.of B.for C.with D.about【答案】A
5.Our readingclub sharesideas witheach otherone hourevery Tuesday.A.to B.on C.at D.for【答案】D
6.---His mother.Shes beenin hospitalfor afew days.A.for B.after C.at D.up【答案】B
7.The31st OlympicGames willtake placeAugust,
2016.A.in B.on C.At【答案】A
8.Jim livesa smallvillage and the airthere isvery fresh.A.on B.in C.under D.from【答案】B
9.--As anurse,her workgoes taking.care ofher patients.—Yes,she alwaysthinks ofothers.A.beyond B.beside C.behind D.between【答案】A”.
10.Xiaogan iswell known.the cultureof XiA.in B.for C.at D.on【答案】B链接中考(扬州中考)
20222.Place namesoften haveinteresting connectionsthe locallandscape andpeople.A.in B.on C.at D.to【答案】D【解析】句意地名通常与当地景观和人有着有趣的联系考查介词辨析在里;在上;在;至!根据in onat toJ“Place namesoften haveinteresting可知地名和当地景观和人有联系,connections...the locallandscape andpeople”have connections“和……有联系”故选to…D(2022年宿迁市中考)
2.spring,the daysare oftenwindy andbright.It9saperfect timeto flya kite.A.on B.In C.At D.With【答案】B【解析】句意春天,白天经常刮风,阳光明媚这是放风筝的最佳时机考查介词辨析用于具体的某一天前,或具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前;用于年、月、季节等泛on in指的时间前;用于具体的钟点前;和一起;根据可知,季节前用介词故at with“spring”in,选Bo(年连云港市中考)
20223.The trafficlight isgreen.Let*sgothe road.A.against B.among C.across D.above【答案】c【解析】考查介词之间的词义辨析是固定搭配,意思是“穿过马路”go across the roadA.in B.over C.with D.against(年无锡市中考)
20221.Our Englishteacher cameinto theclassroom asmile onher face.【答案】c【解析】考查介词辨析这句话的意思是“我们的英语老师走进教室,她的脸上带着微笑”,哲理的“面带微笑”用介词表示With(年泰州市中考)
20221.200families won2021Jiangsu MostBeautiful FamiliesAward thisyear,and15families fromTaizhou werethem.A.among B.between C.over D.on【答案】A【解析】句意个家庭获得了年江苏省最美家庭奖,其中有个来自泰州的家庭200202115考查介词辨析(三者及以上)之间;(两者)之间;超过;在上根among betweenover on据“200families won2021Jiangsu MostBeautiful FamiliesAward thisyear,and15families from可知,个家庭中,个来自泰州,用表示“在之间”故选Taizhou were...them.”20015among A.我在上周日去了杭州I wentto Hangzhoulast Sunday2表示“在・..之后”的介词after,in接时间段,只能用于过去式;接时间点,可以用于将来时after接时间段,用于将来时in
①He cameback afterthree days.三天后他回来了
②He willcome hereafter four.4点后他要来这里
③He willcome backin aweek.他会在一周以后回来表示一段时间的介词3for,since,by,from...to,until/till
①for表示一段时间可以指过去、现在或将来,着重说明“多久how long如.我的叔叔在华盛顿住了两年多My unclehas livedin Washingtonfor morethan twoyears
②since意为“自…起工多与完成时态连用,其后跟表示时间点的词如.保罗自岁以来一直都在首都工作Paul hasworked in the capitalsince he was eighteen18
③by意为“到…为止表示时间上的界限,常与完成时和将来时连用如a.We hadlearnt2,000words bytheendof lastterm.到上学期末,我们已学了个单词2000b.It issaid that there willbe ninebillion peoplein theworld bythe year
2050.据说到年世界人口将达到亿205090
④from…to表示从某一时间点到另一时间点的一段时间如My brotherworked inthis factoryfrom2004to
2009.从年到年我哥哥在这家工厂工作20042009表示某动作或状态延续到某一时间如@until/tillMy brothercame tothis factoryin2004and workedthere until
2009.表示工具、手段、方法的介词
2.表示“以…的方法、手段或泛指用某种交通工具;如1by
①Why dontwe gothere bybus instead我们为什么不坐公交车去那里呢?
②He makesa livingby sellingnewspapers.他以卖报为生
③He studiesEnglish byreading Englishbooks everyday.他通过每天读英语书来学习英语表不“用…工具如2with
①He wrotethe letterwith apen.他用钢笔写那封信
②How amazing!The boycan writewith histwo handsat thesame time.多令人惊讶啊!这个男孩能同时用两只手写字表示“以…方式;用…语言语调、笔墨、颜色”如3in
①Say itin English,用英语说
②He toldme thenews ina lowvoice.他低声告诉我那个消息表示地点、位置的介词
3.表示“在..丁的介词1at,in,on,to接小地点表示“在…附近;在…里面“at接大地点表示“在…范围之内:ind表示接壤on OO表示“在…范围之外”,并不接壤to oO如
①He arrivedat schoolat eightoclock.他,l点钟至I」达学校
②He arrivedin Wenzhouyesterday.他昨天到达温州
③Zhejiang isin theeast ofChina.浙江在中国的东部
④Russia ison thenorth ofChina.俄罗斯在中国的北面
⑤Zhejiang isto thesouth ofShandong Province.浙江在山东省的南面2表示“在___b方”的介词above,over,on;表示“在…下方”的介词below,under指“在方”,不强调是否垂直,与相对;表示“在…下方”,不一定在正下方above bbelow belowover指垂直的上方,但与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触,与under相对;under表示“在・・・正下方”表示在某物体上面并与之接触onover.under如:
①The birdis flyingabove myhead.这只鸟正在我的头上空飞翔
②There isa bridgeover theri ver.河面上有一座桥
③There isa dogunder thedesk.在课桌下有一只狗
④Please writeyour namebelow theline.请下这条线下方写卜你的名字
⑤There isa bookon thedesk.课桌上有一本书表示“在…前”的介词短语3in frontof,in thefrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面范围之外in frontof表示“在某一物体或空间范围的前部范围之内inthefrontof如
①The teachersdesk isin frontof theblackboard.讲台在黑板前
②I wassitting inthefrontof the cinema butthen someonesat infrontofme.我坐在电影院的前排,但是后来又有人坐在了我的前面表示运动方向和位置的介词
4.表示“通过;穿过”的介词1across,over,through表示“横穿”,表示从一边到另一边,与有关across on表示“越过“,表示夸过一段距离over表示“穿过”,表示通过一个空间,与有关through in如
①He swamacrosstherive匚他游过河
②The GreatWall runsover manymountains.长城穿过崇山峻岭
③I likeexciting trips.Id loveto travelthrough thejungle nextsummer,because ifsa goodplacet explore.我喜欢令人振奋的旅行我想明年夏天去穿越丛林,因为那是个探险的好去处表示“在…之间”的介词2between,among指在两个人或两个事物之间;指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间如between among
①Our schoolis betweenthe hospitalandthebookstore.我们学校在医院和书店之间
②Mike issitting amongthe students,so itsnot easyto findhim.麦克坐在同学之间,所以要找到他真是不容易表示“在…里面的介词3in,intoin表示“在…里面”,用于表示静止的位置into表示“进入.・・里面用于表示有特定重点的运动方向,经常与表示动作的动词连用,如等与相对的介词短语有(从…come,go,run,rush intoout of里出来),也表示有一定的运动方向如
①Her motherworks inthecinema.她的妈妈在电影院工作
②The childran intohis mothersarms.这个孩子跑进他妈妈的怀抱
③All thechildren rushedout of theclassroomwhen thebell rang.当铃声响起,所有的孩子都冲出了教室二)、介词与其他词类的固定搭配形容词与介词的固定搭配
1.有些形容词后面要求用固定的介词,这类介词常见的有about,at,for,from,in,of,to,witho()形容词1+about小心be carefulabout担心be worried about如母亲为他的健康担心Mother isworriedabouthis healthy.2形容词+atbe goodat擅长be madat对…发怒/恼火be surprisedat对…感到惊奇如:We weremuch surprisedatthenews thathewasout ofthe110m hurdlesrace.3形容词+forbe famousfor因…出名get/be ready for为…准备好be sorryfor后悔be latefor迟到;没赶上听到他推出跨栏比赛的消息,我们都很惊讶110m如.农民们正为明年的农作做准备The farmersare gettingreadyforthe nextyears farming形容词4+from与.••不同be differentfrom如.城市生活与乡村生活不同City lifeis differentfrom countrylife形容词5+in对…感兴趣be interested in如Manyforeigners areinterestedinmany Chinesetraditional thingslike paper-cut.许多外国人对像剪纸之类的中国传统的东西很感兴趣形容词6+of厌倦be tiredof害怕be afraidof如我对每天吃同样的早餐感到厌烦Pm tiredofthesame breakfastevery morning.形容词7+with忙于be busy with如汕他的父母都忙于他们的工作His parentswere bothbusywtheir work.名词与介词的固定搭配
2.有的名词后面要求跟固定的介词,常见的有名词1+in…有困难have difficultyin如Theyhave somedifficulties ivtaking careof themselvesbecause ofthe earthquake.由于地震,他们连照顾好自己也有困难名词2+to…的答案/回答the answerto答案;钥匙;关键the keyto如谁知道这个问题的答案?Who knowsthe answerto thequestion名词3+with与…谈话have atalk with与...说话have aword with如Ihad atalk withMike thismorning,今天早上我和麦克谈话了instead of代替away from离开next to紧挨着far from远离副词与介词的搭配
3.动词和介词的搭配
4.laugh at嘲笑take partin参加catch upwith赶上talk about谈论hear from收到…的来信pay for支付;付钱阻止某人做某事stop sb.from doing sth.spend on花费get up起床turn off关上help with在…方面帮忙三)、常考动词词组辨析打破
1.break vt.短语闯入(有被动)坏了,抛锚(没有被动)break intobreak down爆发(没有被动)break out欢呼
3.come on得了吧,快点,加油(表鼓励,催促等语气)come其他短语总结come upwith想出,提起come down崩塌出版come out
4.cut vt.剪下,切下cut-cut-cut短语砍树剪下切成打断,插嘴cut downcut outcut intocut in缩短cut...short死
5.die vi.短语die of死于(疾病)die from死于(天灾人祸)出名的,著名的
6.famous adj.短语be famousfor因出名......befamous as作为出名.短语注意到某人经常做某事/注意到某人做了某事的全过程7notice sb.do sth.
9.get on上车get up起床get away逃脱,离开
10.give up放弃give out=hand out分发go wrong弄错,出错go over复习go on继续go by(时光)流逝去从事躲起来go forgo intohiding注意到某人正在做某事notice sb.doing sth.1l.hand in上交hand out分发by hand手工的
12.hear of/about听说hear from收到某人的来信
14.knock onatthe doorknock intosb.撞上某人把从撞下来撞翻某物.knock sth.off thedesk knowover sth.把某人带入主角
15.lead sb.to.•…takethelead n.play thelead roleof离开某地动身去某地离开某
16.leave sp.leave for sp.leave sp.forsp.地去某地留一个字条leave a message leavethe lighton/off leavethe dooropen/closed让我一个人待着让水龙头一直流leave mealone leavethe taprunning寻找查字典照顾环顾四周
17.look forlook uplook afterlook around检查作业浏览看着看着外面的look overlook throughlook atlook out at看着的外面小心调查look out of look out lookinto
18.make friends看得出的材料be madeof+看不出的原材料be madefrom+产地be madein+生产者be madeby+用材料制作make...outof让某人做某事make sb.do sth.某人被让做某事Sb.be madeto do让某物/某人怎么样make sb./sth.adj.生火搞得一团糟犯错误make afire make amessmake mistakes编造组成make upmake upof对产生影响makeadifference to下定决心设法做某事make onesmind manageto do搬到搬进搬离搬出
19.move tomove intomove awaymove outof(从里)出来,向外,外出
20.out adv.短语出去解出,解决分发gooutwork outgive out结果是,原来是扑灭查明turn output outfind out小心看着的外面看着外面的look outlookoutof lookoutat短语总结
21.put安装张贴收好扑灭put input onput awayput out推迟放下put offput down的短语
22.Take起飞,脱掉承担带走take offtake ontake away吸收取出,拿出注意,察觉take intake outtake noticeof的短语和句型:
23.think三思而后行想起,想出think twiceabout sth.think of考虑认为做某事是怎样的think aboutthink itadj.to dosth.
24.through短语浏览给接通电话注意被动语态look throughput...through
25.time短语二玩得开心have agood timehave fun=enjoy oneself+doingsth.一次,每次有时候总是在不同的时代at atime attimes atall timesat differenttimes ontime准时及时时不时,偶尔in timefrom timeto time
26.短语总结trytry outfor参加的选拔......try onesbest todo尽力做某事试穿try on结果是,原来是
27.turn out。
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