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年北京市高考英语试卷2023第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑（羞怯的）.卜I was always timidBeing newto theschool mademe even,so it was surprisingrd2to anyonearound me.Now I was payingthe price-to writea five-page essayon WhyI ShouldNotTalk inClass”.That wouldtake allnight!After Igot home,though.I tookmy timepetting thecat-postponing thepain.When Ifinally satdown to3,1began with the reasonsMs Blackwould want to hear.Talking keptme and my neighboursfrom4,One paragraphdown;now whatI chewedon mypencil.Aha!What iftalking werethe firststep towardslife as a criminalWithout theeducation I was throwingaway,Id turn totheft andgo toprison.When Igot out,people wouldsay,“She usedto talkin class.The pagesbegan、But whenmum gothome fromwork,Iwas still6“Five pages!Thafs impossible!^^“Well,youd betterget backto work,“she said,and Iwanttoread itwhen yourethrough.,9Soon afterdinner,I handedthe essayto mum.I halfexpected a7-at leastan“I hopeyouve learnedyourlesson”.8,mum laughedand laughedas sheread.The nextday,when MsBlack readthe essayto theclass,everyone laughed.I could9they werent（激发），making funof me:they laughedbecause I had thepower totell afunny story.My10still neededsome nudgingbut I didlearn Iwasnt shyin print.
1.A.freer B.shyer C.calmer D.happier
2.A.nod B.point C.listen D.chat
3.A.weep B.rest C.write D.read
4.A.learning B.playing C.planning D.laughing
5.A.standing outB.flying byC.breaking upD.checking in
6.A.celebrating B.longing C.complaining D.warning
7.A.lecture B.reason C.reward D.solution
8.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.Instead
9.A.hope B.imagine C.tell D.predict年北京市高考英语试卷2023第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑【题答案】1〜1【答案】
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.C
7.A
8.D
9.C
10.B第二节（共15分）A【题答案】11〜13【答案】
11.would throw12exactly
13.had arrivedB【题答案】14〜16【答案】
14.seen
15.cities
16.has establishedC【题答案】17〜20【答案】
17.to
18.where
19.to address
20.facing第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑【题答案】21〜23【答案】
21.B
22.C
23.B【题答案】24〜27【答案】
24.A
25.D
26.B
27.C【题答案】28〜30【答案】
28.D
29.C
30.A【题答案】31〜34【答案】
31.A
32.C
33.B
34.D第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项【题答案】35〜39【答案】
35.D
36.F
37.G
38.B
39.C第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4题;第⑴、
（2）题各2分，第
（3）题3分，第⑷题5分，共12分）【题答案】40〜43【答案】
40.Habits arebuilt throughlearning andrepetition.
41.A routine involves repeated behaviour whilea habit is a deep-rooted urge.
42.Picking upa newhabit takesa fewweek,while buildinga healthy habit takesa shortertime.Because buildingahealthy habit takes many months.
43.I have a goodhabit ofgoing to bed earlyand gettingup early.Therefore,I canstudy energeticallyevery morning,which makesme studyefficiently.Also,I amvery healthy.第二节（20分）【题答案】44【答案】Dear Jim,Hearing thatyou areplanning aclub activitywith thetheme ofGreen Beijing“and needmy help,I amwriting toofferyou my suggestions.I thinkyou cancarry outthis activityin aninteractive andexperiential manner,which meansstudents canparticipateand have a betterunderstanding ofGreen Beijing“through gettinginvolved indifferent activitiesby themselves.You canshowcasegarbage classificationon site,plant treesand publicizesharing economy,which willall fitinto thetheme ofGreenBeijing”.Hopefully,you willget someinspiration from mysuggestions.Wish yousuccess.Yours,Li Hua
10.A.patience B.confidence C.tolerance D.independence第二节共15分A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用1括号内所给词的正确形式填空守日寸.Every cultureis riddledwith unwrittenrules,such asones onpunctuality ImBritish.Soon aftermovingto Switzerland,I11throw ahouse-warming partyand wasgreatly surprisedwhen all30guests showedup12exact ontime.Years later,having movedto France.I turnedup at the appointedhour for a dinner,only tofind thatno otherguest13arrive andmy hostesswasstillin hersleeping suit.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用1括号内所给词的正确形式填空Mangroves,known asred foresf,in China,grow betweenland andsea,characterised bytheir complexroots.When14see fromafar,the mangroveforests appearmore splendid.Mangroves canhelp softenwaves andprotect15city fromcoastal winds.For thesereasons,they arepraised ascoastalguardians”.Up tonow,China16establish anumber ofprotected areaswith mangroves.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空在未给提示词的空白处仅填写个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用1括号内所给词的正确形式填空Nina hasrun marathonsin32countries.All ofher runs haveaguiding purpose:to callattention17global waterissues.Nina recentlyfinished heryear-long seriesof runsin Chicago,18thousands wereattending awater conference.Shecalled foraction19addressthe strugglesof peoplearound the world20face“too littlewater ortoo dirtywater”.Her effortshave encouragedothers to take partby runningthrough aglobalcampaign called6tRun Blue”.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑The InternationalOlympic CommitteeIOCYoung Leaders programmeempowers talentsto make a positivedifferencein theircommunities throughsport.Twenty-five Young Leaders arebeing selectedevery twoyears forafour-year period.They promote the Olympicvalues,spreading themessage ofsport forgood.（冲刺）.To bean IOC YoungLeader,you need to firstcomplete the4-Week LearningSprint4-Week LearningSprintThe4-Week LearningSprint,which willtake placeduring November2023,is avirtual learningprogramme.Thesessions can be attendedlive orwatched backafter theyare madeavailable on the IOCchannel.Each week,participantswill beasked tocomplete atopic-specific reflection task.The4-Week LearningSprint isopen toanyone,with thetarget audienceaged between20and
28.After successfullycompleting the4-Week LearningSprint,you willneed tosubmit aplan fora sport-based project,which youwill work on ifselected as an IOC YoungLeader.Requirements for the Applicants•You havesuccessfully completedthe4-Week LearningSprint.•You havecompleted yourhigh schoolstudies.•You haveat least one yearof workexperience.•You havestrong publicspeaking skills.•You areself-motivated andcommitted.•You arepassionate aboutcreating positivechange inyour community.（同伴）.•You areopen tobeing coachedand advisedby expertsand peers•You are able towork withpeople from different backgrounds.
21.In the4-Week LearningSprint,participants willA.create changein theircommunity B.attend avirtual learningprogrammeC.meet peoplefromdifferentbackgrounds D.promotetheIOCYoungLeaders projectA.complete areflectiontaskeach weekB.watch sportson theIOC channelC.workona sport-based projectD.coach and advise theirpeers
23.Which is a requirementfor theapplicantsA.Spreading themessage ofsport forgood.B.Having atleastone-year workexperience.C Showinggreat passionfor projectplanning.D.Committing themselvesto becomingan expert.
22.If selectedasanIOCYoungLeader,one willneedto（振动）Sitting in the gardenfor myfriends birthday.I felta buzzin mypocket.My heartraced whenI sawtheemail sendersname.The emailstarted off:“Dear MrGreen,thank youfbr yourinterest”and thereview processtook（模糊）.longer thanexpected.It endedwith“We aresorry toinform you...”andmyvision blurredTheposition—measuring soilquality in the SaharaDesert aspart of an undergraduateresearch programme—had feltlike theanswerI hadspent yearslooking for.I hadput somuch timeand emotionalenergy intoapplying,and Ithought therejection meantthe endof theroad formyscience career.So Iwas shockedwhen,not longafter theemail,Professor MaryDevon,who wasrunning theprogramme,invitedme toobserve thework beingdone in her lab.I jumpedat thechance,anda few weekslater Iwas equallyshocked—andoveijoyed—when sheinvited meto talkwith herabout potentialprojects Icould pursueinherlab.What sheproposeddidnt seemas excitingas the original projectI hadapplied to,butIwas goingto giveit myall.I foundmyself workingwith arobotics professoron techniquesfor collectingdata from the desertremotely.Thatproject,which Icould completefrommysofa insteadof in the burningheat of the desert,not onlysurvived thelockdownbut workedwhere traditionalmethods didnt.In the end,Ihada newscientific interestto pursue.When Iapplied tograduate school,I foundthree programmespromising to allow meto followmy desiredresearchdirection.And Iapplied withthe sameanxious excitementas before.When Iwas rejectedfrom onethat hadseemed likea（视角）perfect fit,itwasundoubtedly difficult.But thistime Ihad theperspective tokeep itfrom sendingme intopanic.It helpedthat in theendIwasaccepted intoone of the otherprogrammes Iwas alsoexcited about.Rather thansetting plansin stone,Ive learnedthat sometimesI needtotakethe opportunitiesthat areoffered,even iftheydont soundperfect atthe time,and makethe mostof them.
24.How didthe authorfeel uponseeing theemail sendersnameA.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.
25.After talkingwith ProfessorDevon,the authordecided to.A.criticise thereview processB.stay longerin theSahara DesertC.apply totheoriginalproject againD.put hisheart andsoul into the labwork
26.According tothe author,the projectwiththerobotics professorwas.A.demanding B.inspiring C.misleading D.amusing
27.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.An invitationis areputation.B.An innovationis aresolution.C.A rejectioncan bea redirection.D.A reflectioncan bea restriction.In recentyears,researchers fromdiverse fieldshave agreedthat short-termism isnow asignificant probleminindustrialised societies.The inabilityto engagewith longer-term causesand consequencesleads tosome of the worldsmostserious problems:climate change,biodiversity collapse,and more.The historianFrancis Coleargues that the Westhasentered aperiod where“only the present exists,a presentcharacterised atonce bythe crueltyof theinstant andby theboredomof anunending now”.（偏向）It has been provedthat peoplehaveabias towardsthe present,focusing onloud attractionsinthemomentat theexpense ofthe health,well-being andfinancial stabilityof theirfuture selvesor community.In business,this biassurfacesas short-sighted decisions.And onslow-burning problemslike climate change,it translatesintotheunwillingness（牺牲）to makesmall sacrificestoday thatcould makea majordifference tomorrow.Instead,all thatmatters isnextquarters profit,or satisfyingsome othernear-term desires.These biasedperspectives cannotbe blamedon onesingle cause.It isfair tosay,though,that ourpsychologicalbiases playa majorrole.Peoples hesitancyto delaysatisfaction is the mostobvious example,but thereare others.One ofthemis abouthow themost accessibleinformation inthe presentaffects decisionsabout thefuture.For instance,youmight hearsomeone say:Its coldthis winter,so Ineednt worryabout globalwarming.Another is that loudand urgentmattersare giventoo muchimportance,making peopleignore longer-term trendsthat arguablymatter more.This iswhena popstar drawsfar moreattention than,say,gradual biodiversitydecline.（夕卜星人）As apsychologist oncejoked,if alienswanted toweaken humanity,they wouldntsend ships;theywould inventclimatechange.Indeed,when itcomes toenvironmental transformations,we candevelop aform ofcollective“poor memory”,and eachnew generationcan believethe stateof affairsthey encounteris nothingout oftheordinary.Older peopletoday,for example,can remembera timewith insect-covered carwindscreens afterlong drives.Children,ontheother hand,have noidea thatinsect populationhas droppeddramatically.
28.The authorquotes FrancisCole mainlyto.A.draw acomparisonB.introduce atopicC.evaluate astatementD.highlight aproblem
29.What canbe inferredfromthelast paragraphAClimate changehas beenforgotten.B.Lessons ofhistory arehighly valued.C.The humanmind isbad atnoting slowchange.D.Humans areunwilling toadmit theirshortcomings.
30.What doesthe authorintend totell usA.Far-sighted thinkingmatters to humans.B.Humans tendto makelong-term sacrifices.C.Current policiesfacilitate futuredecision-making.D.Bias towardsthepresenthelps reducenear-term desires.What islife Likemost greatquestions,this oneis easyto askbut difficult to answer.The reasonis simple:we knowofjust onetype oflife andifs challengingto doscience witha samplesize ofone.The fieldof artificial life-called ALifeforshort—is thesystematic attemptto spellout lifesfundamental principles.Many ofthese practitioners,so-calledALifers,think thatsomehow makinglife isthe surestway toreally understandwhat lifeis.So farno onehas convincinglymade artificial life.This trackrecord makesALife aripe targetfor criticism,such asdeclarationsofthefields doubtfulscientific value.Alan Smith,a complexityscientist,is tiredof suchcomplaints.Askingabout thepoint“of ALifemight be,well,missing thepoint entirely,he says.The existenceofaliving systemis notaboutthe useof anything.Alan says.“Some peopleask meJ Sowhats theworth ofartificiallife7,Do youever think,What istheworth of your grandmother5As muchas manyALifers hateemphasizing theirresearchs applications,the attemptsto createartificiallifecouldhave practicalpayoffs.Artificial intelligencemay beconsidered ALifbscousin inthat researchersin bothfields are（演化）.enamoredby aconcept calledopen-ended evolutionThis isthe capacityforasystem tocreate essentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobea sortof noveltygenerator^.The onlysystem knownto exhibitthis isEarths biosphere.If thefield ofALifemanages toreproduce lifersendless creativity“in somevirtual model,those sameprinciples couldgive riseto trulyinventivemachines.Compared withthe developmentsof Al,advances inALife areharder torecognize.One reasonisthatALife is a fieldinwhich thecentral concept——life itself——is undefined.The lackof agreementamong ALifersdoesnt helpeither.The resultisadiverse lineof projectsthat eachadvance alongtheir uniquepaths.For betteror worse,ALife mirrorsthe昆舌的）（平行线）very subjectit studies.Its muddledG Lprogression isa strikingparallel tothe evolutionarystrugglesthat haveshaped Earthbiosphere.Undefined anduncontrolled ALifedrives itsfollowers torepurpose oldideas andgenerated novelty.It may be,of course,that thesecharacteristics arentin anyway surprisingor singular.They mayapply universallytoallacts ofevolution.Ultimately ALifemay benothing special.But eventhis dismissalsuggests somethingperhaps,just likelifeitself throughoutthe universe,the riseof ALifewill proveunavoidable.
31.Regarding AlanSmiths defenceof ALife,the authoris.A.supportive B.puzzled C.unconcerned D.doubtful
32.What doesthe word“enamored“underlined inParagraph3most probablymeanA Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.
33.What canwe learnfrom thispassageA.ALife holdsthe keytohumanfuture.B.ALife andAI sharea commonfeature.C.AI mirrorsthe developmentsof ALife.D.AI speedsup theprocess ofhuman evolution.
34.Which wouldbe thebest titleforthepassageA.Life IsUndefined.Can AIBe aWay OutB.Life Evolves.Can AIHelp ALife Evolve,TooC.Life IsUndefined.Can ALifeBe DefinedOne DayD.Life Evolves.Can Attemptsto CreateALifeEvolve,Too第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑选项中有两项为多余选项Its ajoyful andstressful timeof yearintheUnited Statesfor students and their families asthey makedecisions aboutwhereto attendcollege.Families oftenturntorankings systemsto helpmakeadecision.35When Italk tofamilies asa scholarof highereducation,theyre oftensurprised thatteaching excellenceis notcountedin rankings.36Emerging researchsuggests thatcourses inlower-ranked universities,on average,scored higheron teachingthancourses in higher-ranked universities.37The absenceof teaching excellence fromthe rankingsis surprisinggiven thelinkbetween high-quality teachingand studentsuccess.Quality teaching is oneofthemost importantpredictors ofa widerangeof collegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,are onlyone reasonwhy alow valueis placedon teachinginhighereducation.（注册）Administrators oftendont viewteachingexcellenceasaway toincrease enrolmentor funding.38Research showsthatthemore timeinstructors spendon teaching,the lowertheir salary.What isthe resultManyinstructors continueto teachusing traditionallectures,which leadto lowersuccess rates.39Nevertheless,not muchwill changeuntil schoolswith high-quality teachingare rewardedwith moreresources,higher rankingsand increasedenrolments.In thelong term,universities,organisations thatrank schools,andothers shouldwork to make teachinga valued,core partofthemission.What shouldstudentsand theirfamiliesdo Theyshould givestrong considerationto universitieswhere high-qualityteaching isvalued,even thoughthe schoolsmayberanked lower.A.Higher educationhas achievedits truepotential.B.Therefore,ifs nothighly valuedin hiringor promotion.C.Quality teachinghasbeenan importantreputation-building factor.D.However,the rankingsignore acritical factor:the qualityof teaching.E.Efforts toimprove teachingattheuniversity levelhave recentlyemerged.F.They,re evenmore surprisedat howteachingisundervalued byuniversities.G.In fact,universities oftenshift emphasisfrom teachingto otherranking factors.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4题;第
（1）、
（2）题各2分，第⑶题3分，第
（4）题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题请在答题卡指定区域作答Habit formationistheprocess bywhich behavioursbecome automatic.People developcountless habitsas theyexploretheworld,whether theyare awareof them or not.Understanding howhabits takeshape maybe helpfulin changingbadhabits.Habits arebuilt throughlearning andrepetition.A personis thoughtto developa habit inthecourse ofpursuing goals（刺激）by beginningto associatecertain cueswith behaviouralresponses thathelp meetthe goal.Over time,thoughts of（触发）the behaviourand ultimatelythe behaviouritself arelikely tobe triggeredby thesecues.（环）“A“habit loopisaway ofdescribing severalrelated elementsthat producehabits.These elementsare calledthecue,the routine,andthereward.For example,stress couldserve asa cuethat oneresponds toby eating,which producesthereward-the reductionof stress.While a routineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,its notnecessarily performedin responsetoadeep-rooted urge,asa habitis.Old habitscanbedifficulttoshake,and healthyhabits areoften harderto develop.But throughrepetition,its possibletoform newhabits.The amountof timeneeded to build ahabit willdepend onmultiple factors,including theindividualand theintended behaviour.While youareableto pickupa newhabitina fewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuilda（）healthyhabit.Take sometime tothink aboutwhat leadsto badhabits andre-evaluate whatyou getout ofthemordont.Consider andkeep inmind whyyou wanttomakea change,including howthe changereflects yourvalues.
40.How arehabits built
41.In whatway isaroutinedifferent fromahabit
42.Please decidewhich partis falseinthefollowing statement,then underlineit andexplain why.Picking upa newhabit takesafewweek,while buildinga healthyhabit takesa shortertime.（）（）
43.What benefitshaveyou gotfrom oneofyourgood habitsIn about40words第二节20分假设你是红星中学高三学生李华你的英国好友正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动,
44.Jim他发来邮件询问你的建议请你用英文给他回复，内容包括⑴活动形式；活动内容2注意词数左右；1100开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数2Dear Jim,Yours,Li Hua。
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