第17讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（讲通）（教师版）

A第讲词义猜测题17（讲义）词义值测JJU5做述命眄规韦，、方式、眄型、选呵初彳正通测划线单词HR迫语的含义M测划线旬亍含义提升.彩考摩型归纳【复习目标】词义牺测S3基•必,基石出矢口识梳理明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法熟练代词的含义【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表年份卷别题号词义猜测解题2023新高考卷291I2023新高考11卷3012022新高考卷301I2022新高考卷

24、302II2021新高考卷291I2021新高考II卷251【网络构建】词义猜测题概述―夯基•必备基础知识梳理命题规律、命舞方式命题规律词义猜词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型，可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一测题・夯个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容基必在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义备基础平时的训知识梳练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧理题型和考查角度.猜测生词或熟词生义

1.猜测短语的意义

2.猜测代替词所替代的内容

3.猜测句意4命题方式:The phrase«in thesentence couldbe replacedby”.The wordin theparagraph referto”.What is the meaningof the underlined wordin the.,paragraphWhich of the followingis theclosest inmeaning to the phraseThe wordmost nearlymeans”.The underlinedsentence in the...paragraph impliesthat.解题技巧定位文中画线处上下文L•理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义选项特征2正确选项特征.将选项代入原文，上下文逻辑通顺1含义和其字面意思一般没有关系

2.干扰项特征与划线部分词形相似L•.考查熟词生义时，含有常规词义的往往不正确

3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项4知识点一猜测划线单词或短语的含义八夯基-必备基础知识梳理.根据定义推测词义1有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is,or,namely,in otherwords,等that isto say,to bemore exact,to putit anotherway,which is根据举例推测词义

2.有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义线索词such as,such...as,等for example,for instance,like,including,especially根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义

3.表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,similarly,on thecontrary,in contrast等to根据同义词或并列结构推测词义

4.在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词,此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思根据构词法推测词义

5.英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义根据因果关系推测词义

6.因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系根据线索词as,since,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due to,result in,result from,as aresult,for thisreason,accordingly,so...that,等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义such…that【真题典例】（年新高考卷篇）2023I CPartone concludesby introducingmy suggestedmethod foradopting thisphilosophy:the digitaldeclutter.Thisprocess requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirtydays.At theend ofthe thirtydays,you willthenadd back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that youbelieve willprovide massivebenefits tothe thingsyou value.What does the underlinedword declutter“in paragraph3meanA.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题根据画线词下文“This processrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.At theend ofthe thirtydays,you willthen addbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyou（这个过程要求你在天内远离可选的在线活动在believe willprovide massivebenefits tothe thingsyouvalue.30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动）”可推知，30画线词的意思是“清理对在线活动进行清理和挑选故选“declutter”A知识点二猜测代词指代含义—夯基-必备基础知识梳理定关键返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构找替代根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等再核对比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项一般来说，指代一件事；it/this/that指代上文提至的人或事it/he/them/they/one/those U【真题典例】（年新高考卷篇）I CInthe mid-1990s,Tom Bisselltaught Englishas a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He leftafter sevenmonths,physicallybroken andhaving losthis mind.A fewyears later,still attractedtothecountry,he returnedto Uzbekistanto writean articleaboutthe disappearanceofthe Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended upinvolving alot morethan that.Hence this book,Chasing theSea:Lost Amongthe Ghostsof Empire in Central Asia,which talksabout aroad tripfrom Tashkentto Karakalpakstan,where millionsof liveshavebeen destroyedby theslow dryingup ofthe sea.Tt isthe stoi*y of an Americantravelling to a strangeland,and ofthepeople hemeets onhis way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely24-year-old whopicked uphis colorfulEnglish inCalifornia,Oleg andNatasha,his hostsin Tashkent,and astring offoreign aidworkers.

29.What doesthe underlinedword thatin paragraph2refer toA.Developing aserious mentaldisease.B・Taking aguided tourin CentralAsia.C.Working asavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.Writing anarticle abouttheAralSea.【答案】D【解析】指代判断题上文提到了（比塞尔）写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，然后画线词所在句提到他Bissell的访问最终涉及的事远不止这个，因而才有了这Chasing theSea:Lost Amongthe GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsh本书由此可知，画线词指的是“写有关咸海的文章”故选that D知识点三猜测划线句子含义夯基•必备基础知识梳理・一定位定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷二分析分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意三归纳归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项【真题典例】（年全国甲卷篇）2021CSouthbank,at aneastern bendintheThames,isthecenter ofBritish skateboarding,where thecontinuous crashingofskateboards leftyour headringing.I lovedit.I soonmade friendswith thelocal skaters.We spokeour ownlanguage.Andmy favorite:Safe.Safe meantcool.It meanthello.It meantdont worryabout it.Once,when tryinga certaintrick onthe（横杆）,beam Ifell ontothe stones,damaging anerve inmy hand,and Tobycame over,helping meup:Safe,man.Safe.A fewminutes later,when Ilanded thetrick,my friendsbeat theirboards loud,shouting:Safe!Safe!Safe!”And thafswhat mattered—landing tricks,being agood skater.

9.What dothe underlinedwords Safe!Safe!Safe!probably meanA.Be careful!B.Well done!C.No way!D.Don*t worry!【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题根据画线词下文（那才是真“And thafswhatmattered—landing tricks,being agood skater.正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家广可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼由此可推知，画线词指“落地技巧完美，干得漂亮:故选B.提升•必考题型归纳考向一猜测划线单词或短语的意思（届长郡中学杭州二中郑州外国语学校联考）

1.2023Cost isanother issuethat maydiscourage peopleswitching toelectricpower.But somecountries offerincentive,such ascutting pricesby reducingimport taxes,and notcharging forroadtax andparking.Some alsoprovide exclusivelanes forelectric carsto bedriven on,overtaking traditionalcars whichmight be stuck in jams.What doesthe underlinedword“incentive meanin paragraph3A.compensation B.allowance C.encouragement D.Privilege【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题根据画线词后文“such ascutting pricesby reducingimport taxes,and notcharging forroad taxandparking.Some alsoprovide exclusivelanes forelectric carsto bedriven on,overtaking traditionalcars whichmightbe可知，有些国家通过降低进口税来降低价格，不收取道路税和停车费有些还为电动汽车提供专stuckinjams.”用车道，以超越可能陷入拥堵的传统汽车，这些都是鼓励人们购买的措施故画线词意思是“鼓励故选C考向二猜测代词指代的含义（2023年湖北武汉校考练习）Corysshearwaters are long-lived,rarely producingyoung successfullybefore agenine.This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.Researchers callthis the《限设的）“exploration-refinement,and untilnow ithas beenhypothetical becauseof difficultiesin trackingmigratoryanimals movements.What doesthe underlinedword“this”in paragraph3refer toA.The openingfor learningand practice.B.The uniqueliving habitof Corys shearwaters.C.The wayCorys shearwatersform theirmigration patterns.D.The processscientists trackCorys shearwaters5movements.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题根据Corysshearwatersarelong-lived,rarely producingyoung successfullybefore agenine.This（科里海鸥的寿命彳艮长，彳艮少能在leavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.九岁之前成功产下幼崽这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式提供了机会）”和“Researchers callthis the（研究人员称之为“探索-精炼”户可知,此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探索-精炼”,“exploration-refinement”第三段中划线的指代的是科里海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式故选项this C考向三猜测划线句子的含义（年湖北武汉校考阶段练习）2023When Iwas young,a friendand Icame upwith a“big”plan tomake readingeasy.The ideawas toboil downgreatbooks toa sentence each.Moby-Dick byAmerican writerHerman Melville,fbr instance,was reducedto:“A whaleof a（精tale aboutthe onethat gotaway.As itturned out,the jokewas onus.How coulda singlesentence conveythe essence髓）of amasterpiece withover fivehundred pagesWhat doestheunderlined partthe jokewas onus“in Paragraph1meanA.We wereactually joking.B.We werelaughed atby others.C,We wereunderestimating9ourselves.D.We werejust embarrassingourselves.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题根据The ideawas toboil downgreat bookstoasentenceeach.Moby-Dick byAmerican writer（这个想法是将伟大的Herman Melville,fbr instance,was reducedto:A whaleof atale aboutthe onethat gotaway.书籍简化为一个句子例如，美国作家的《白鲸》就被简化为:“一个关于逃走的那个人的故Herman Melville事和划线句子下文（精髓）“How coulda singlesentence conveythe essenceofamasterpiece withover fivehundredpages（一句话怎么能表达出一部五百多页的杰作的精髓呢？）”可知，作者和朋友想把一些伟大的书籍简化为一个句子，但是当他们把《白鲸》简化为“一个关于逃走的那个人的故事呻寸，他们发现用一句话是根本无法表达出一部五百多页杰作的精髓，他们简直是在自取其辱故选D（年全国甲卷篇）

1.2023B（）Terri Boltonisa dabhand whenit comesto DIYdo-it-yourself.Skilled atputting upshelves andpiecing togetherfurniture,she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.

4.Which isclosest inmeaning to“a dabhand“in paragraph1A.An artist.B.A winner.C.A specialist.D.A pioneer.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled atputting upshelves andpiecing togetherfurniture,she（她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做neverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.的工作）可推知，此处指是一位高手项（一位专业人员）”最接近画线Terri BoltonisDIY C“A specialist短语的意思故选“a dabhand”C（年浙江高考篇）

2.BMoney withno stringsattached.Its notsomething yousee everyday.But atUnion Stationin LosAngeles lastmonth,a boardwent upwith dollarbills attachedto itwith pinsand asign thatread,Give WhatYou Can,Take WhatYou Need.”

24.What doesthe expression“Money withno stringsattached,,in paragraph1meanA.Money spentwithout hesitation.B.Money notlegally made.C.Money offeredwithout conditions.D.Money nottied together.【答案】C【解析】句意猜测题根据本段中的（尽你所能，取你所需厂可知，“Give WhatYou Can,Take WhatYou Need.此处的意思是“无条件地提供钱故选“Money withno stringsattached”C（年新高卷篇）

3.2023II CInthisbookof books,“artworks areselected andarranged in a waythat emphasizesthese connectionsbetweendifferent erasand cultures.We seescenes ofchildren learningto readat homeor atschool,with thebook asa focus for（描绘）一relations betweenthe generations.Adults areportrayed alonein manysettings andposes absorbedinavolume,deep inthought orlost ina momentof leisure.These scenesmay havebeen paintedhundreds ofyears ago,but theyrecordmoments wecan allrelate to.

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords relate to“in paragraph2meanA.Understand.B.Paint.C.Seize.D.Transform.【答案】A［解析】词句猜测题根据画线词上文“artworks areselected andarranged ina waythat emphasizesthese connectionsbetweendifferent erasand cultures.We seescenes ofchildren learningto readat homeor atschool,with thebook asa（艺术品的选择和排歹方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系我focusforrelations betweenthe generations.U们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点）”以及“These scenesmay have（这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一been paintedhundreds ofyears ago,but theyrecord moments些时刻广可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语意思最相近的为项“relateto”A“理解、认识到故选A。