阅读17-方法7：最佳标题

阅读技巧最佳标题7英语一第题1

[2019]Text35This yearmarks exactlytwo centuriessince thepublication ofFrankenstein;or;TheModern Prometheus/by MaryShelley.Even beforethe inventionof theelectric lightbulb,theauthor produceda remarkablework ofspeculative fictionthat wouldforeshadow manyethicalquestions tobe raisedby technologiesyet tocome.Today therapid growth of artificialintelligence Alraises fundamentalquestions:zzWhat isintelligence,identity,or consciousnessWhat makeshumans humansWhat is beingcalled artificialgeneral intelligence,machines that would imitatethe wayhumansthink,continues toevade scientists.Yet humansremain fascinatedby the idea ofrobotsthat wouldlook,move,and respondlike humans,similar tothose recentlydepicted onpopularsci-fi TVseries such as“Westworld andHumans.”Just howpeople thinkis stillfar toocomplex tobe understood,let alonereproduced,says〃David Eagleman,a StanfordUniversity neuroscientist.We arejust in a situationwhere thereareno goodtheories explainingwhat consciousnessactually is and howyou couldever buildamachine toget there/But thatdoesn/t meancrucial ethicalissues involvingAl arentat hand.The cominguse ofautonomousvehicles,for example,poses thornyethical questions.Human driverssometimesmust makesplit-second decisions.Their reactionsmay bea complexcombination ofinstantreflexes,input frompast drivingexperiences,and what their eyesand earstell themin thatmoment.Al“vision todayis notnearly assophisticated asthat ofhumans.And toanticipateevery imaginabledriving situationisadifficult programmingproblem.Whenever decisionsare basedon massesof data,“you quicklyget intoa lotof ethicalquestions/notes TanKiat How,chief executiveof aSingapore-based agencythat ishelping thegovernmentdevelop avoluntary codefor theethical useof Al.Along withSingapore,othergovernments andmega-corporations arebeginning toestablish theirown guidelines.Britain issettingup adata ethicscenter.India releasedits Alethics strategythis spring.〃On June7Google pledged not to“design ordeploy Althatwouldcause“overall harm/orto developAl-directed weaponsor useAl forsurveillance thatwould violate internationalnorms.It alsopledgednot to deployAl whoseuse wouldviolateinternationallaws orhumanrights.While thestatement isvague,it representsone startingpoint.So doestheidea thatdecisions madeby Alsystems shouldbe explainable,transparent,and fair.To putit anotherway:How canwe makesure that the thinkingof intelligentmachinesreflects humanitys highest valuesOnly thenwill theybe usefulservants andnotFrankensteins out-of-control monster.

35.Which of the followingwould be the besttitle for the text[A]Als Future:In theHands ofTech Giants[B]Frankenstein,the NovelPredicting theAge of Al[C]The ConscienceofAl:Complex ButInevitable[D]Al ShallBe KillersOnce Outof Control）英语

（一）第题2

[2021]Text25Last yearmarked thethird yearinarow ofwhen Indonesia/s bleakrate ofdeforestationhas slowedin pace.One reasonfortheturnaround maybethecountrys antipoverty program.In2007,Indonesia startedphasing ina programthat givesmoney toits poorestresidentsunder certainconditions,suchasrequiring peopleto keepkids inschool orget regularmedicalcare.Called conditionalcash transfersor CCTs,these socialassistance programsare designedtoreduce inequalityand breakthe cycleof poverty.Theyre alreadyused indozens ofcountriesworldwide.In Indonesia,the programhas providedenough foodand medicineto substantiallyreducesevere growthproblems amongchildren.But CCTprograms dontgenerally considereffects onthe environment.In fact,povertyalleviation andenvironmental protectionare oftenviewed asconflicting goals,says PaulFerraro,an economistat JohnsHopkins University.Thats becauseeconomic growthcan becorrelated withenvironmental degradation,whileprotecting the environment issometimes correlatedwith greaterpoverty.However,thosecorrelations dontprove causeand effect.The onlyprevious studyanalyzing causality,based onanarea inMexico thathad institutedCCTs,supported thetraditional view.There,as peoplegotmore money,some of them mayhave morecleared landfor cattleto raisefor meat,Ferrarosays.Such programsdo nothave tonegatively affectthe environment,though.Ferraro wantedtosee ifIndonesias poverty-alleviation programwas affectingdeforestation.Indonesia has thethird-largest areaof tropicalforest in the worldand one of the highest deforestationrates.Ferraro analyzedsatellite datashowing annualforest lossfrom2008to2012—includingduring Indonesia/s phase-in ofthe antipovertyprogram—in7,468forested villagesacross15provinces.We seethatthe program isassociated witha30percent reductionin deforestation/Ferraro says.Thats likelybecause therural poorare usingthe moneyas makeshiftinsurance policiesagainstinclement weather;Ferraro says.Typically,if rainsare delayed,people mayclear landtoplant morerice tosupplement theirharvests.Whether thisresearch translateselsewhere isanybody/s guess.Ferraro suggeststheresults maytransfer toother partsof Asia,due tocommonalities suchas theimportance ofgrowingrice andmarket access.And regardlessof transferability,the studyshows thatwhat/sgood forpeople mayalso begood fortheenvironment.Even ifthis programdidnt reducepoverty,Ferraro says,the valueoftheavoided deforestationjust forcarbondioxide emissionsalone ismore thantheprogramcosts/

30.Whatisthe textcentered on[A]The effectsof aprogram.[B]The debatesover aprogram.[C]The processof astudy.[D]The transferabilityof astudy.）英语

（二）第题3

[2020]Text25It istrue thatCEO pay has gone up—top onesmay make300times thepay oftypical workersonaverage,and sincethe mid-1970s,CEO payfor largepublicly tradedAmerican corporationshas,by varyingestimates,gone upby about500%.The typicalCEO ofa topAmerican corporationnowmakes about$18,9million ayear.The bestmodel forunderstanding thegrowthofCEO pay is thatof limitedCEO talentin aworldwhere businessopportunities forthe topfirms aregrowing rapidly.The effortsofAmerica7shighest-earning1%have beenoneofthe moredynamic elementsoftheglobaleconomy.Its notpopular tosay.but onereason theirpayhasgoneupso muchis thatCEOsreally haveupped theirgame relativeto manyother workersin theU.S.economy.Todays CEO,at leastfor major American firms,must havemany mereskills thansimplybeing ableto runthe company/CEOs musthave agood senseof financialmarkets andmaybeeven howthe companyshould tradein them.They alsoneed betterpublic relationsskills thantheirpredecessors,asthecosts ofeven aminor slipupcan besignificant.Then theresthe factthatlarge Americancompanies aremuch moreglobalized thanever before,with supplychainsspread acrossa largernumber ofcountries.To leadin thatsystem requiresknowledge thatisfairly mind-boggling.Plus,virtually allmajorAmericancompanies arebecoming techcompanies,one wayor another.Beyond this,major CEOsstill haveto doall theday-to-day workthey havealwaysdone.The commonideathat high CEO payismainly aboutripping peopleoff doesntexplainhistory verywell.By mostmeasures,corporate governancehas becomea lottighter andmorerigorous sincethe1970s.Yet it is principallyduring thisperiod ofstronger governancethat CEOpayhas beenhigh andrising.That suggestsitisinthebroader corporateinterest torecruit topcandidatesfor increasinglytough jobs.Furthermore,thehighestCEO salariesare paidto outsidecandidates,nottothe cozyinsiderpicks,another signthathighCEOpayis notsome kindof depredationattheexpense ofthe restofthe company.And thestock marketreacts positivelywhen companiestie CEOpay to,say,stock prices,a signthat thosepractices buildup corporatevalue notjust forthe CEO.

25.The mostsuitable titlefor thistext wouldbe.[A]CEOs AreNot Overpaid[B]CEO Pay:Past andPresent[C]CEOs Challengesof Today[D]CEO Traits:Not Easyto Define。