宾语从句 英语语法知识点梳理

宾语从句复习目标

1、掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词

2、掌握宾语从句的语序一一主句+连接词+主语+谓语

3、掌握宾语从句，主句与从句在时态上的呼应重点语序和时态呼应难点语序和时态呼应；疑问词+不定式的转化；状语从句的辨析

一、宾语从句的连接词

1、连词that,只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略eg.He knewthat heshould workhard.

2、连词if、whether,它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解,在口语中多用ifeg.Tom dont know if/whether hisgrandpa likedthe present.He asked me whetheror notI wascoming.一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether

①在不定式前Whether togo thereor nothasnt beendecided.

②在介词前It dependson依靠whether it is going to rain.

③与or not连用They aretalking aboutwhether togo thereor not.

3、连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how,它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义eg.The teacherasked thenew studentswhich classhe wasin.I wonderwhere hegot somuch money.【注意】

1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化eg.I dontknow howI shoulddo withthe presents,f I dontknowhow to do withthepresents.

2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.

二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”特别强调它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构Can you tell me whom dowe haveto seeXCan youtell mewhomwe haveto seeVThe teacherasked thestudents whatthey weredoing.思考:what在从句中的成分陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变eg.She said,I willleave a message on the desk.-She said she wouldleaveamessageonthedesk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，也要注意人称和时态的变化，后面接

三、宾语从句的时态呼应:陈述语序Eg.Where arethe tickets”I askedhim.-I askedhim wherethe ticketsare.宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时eg.I thoughtthat youare freetoday.XI thoughtthat youwould bfreetoday.V【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时eg.The teachertold usthat the earth movesaround the sun.

四、其他需要说明的问题

1、标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号eg.I heardshe hadbeen to the GreatWall.Can youtell mewhich busI shouldtake

2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致

五、宾语从句和状语从句的区分eg.1I willgo outtomorrow ifit isfine.2I dontknow ifthe trainhas arrived.句1中if引导的是状语从句这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去句2中if引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词don、know的宾语整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达判断方法

1、可以从整个句式看状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面个别除外，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后

2、从引导词看if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether,词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……的时候”

3、从时态看if和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来实战演练

一、例题选讲例1Idon9t knowhewill comeor not.A.how B.whetherC.weather D.when答案B提示；在宾语从句中出现了or not,这里只能用whether第二题答案为B,根据题意问他们何时回来，所以要用when例2Canyoutell methey willcome backA.where B.whenC.which D.who答案B提示根据题意问他们何时回来，所以要用when例3Have youseen thedoctor He askedme.两句并一句答案He askedme if/whether I had seena doctor提示是一般疑问句，连接词应为if/whether例4How canwe getto thescience museumCould youtell us两句并一句答案Could youtell mehow wecan getto thescience museum提示特殊疑问句，连接词就是它本身的特殊疑问词how,将情态动词can放在主语me之后，时态运用取决于主句主句could youtellme是委婉语气，是一般现在时，所以从句是什么时态就用什么时态直接引语变间接引语

一、如何变人称直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如She said.nMy brotherwants togo withme.一She saidher brotherwanted togo withher.“直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致如果引号外的主句没有宾语也可以用第一人称，如He said to Kate.nHow isyour sisternow”一He askedKate howher sisterwas then“直接引语变间接引语时如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如Mr Smithsaido Jackis agood worker一Mr Smithsaid Jackwas agood worker

二、o o如何变时态直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整如果主句谓语动词为现在范畴的时态或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化1一般现在时变为一般过去时2现在进行时变为过去进行时3一般将来时变为过去将来时4现在完成时变为过去完成时5一般过去时变为过去完成时6过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时要注意在以下几种情况1如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时如The teachersaid Theearth goes round thesun.”—The teachersaid thattheearthgoesroundthesun.2直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变如He said to me,I wasborn in

1973.”一He told me that he wasbom in

1973.⑶如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时如He saidJTma boy,not agirl.”—He said that heis aboy,not agirl.4直接引语如果是一般现在时表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变如The girlsaid,I getup atsix everymorning.n一The girlsaidthatshe getsup atsix everymorning.5如果直接引语中含有since,when,while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变如He said to me,Ihave taught English since he came here一He toldme that he hadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.6如果直接引语中含有情态动词must,need,had better以及情态动词的过去式could,might,should,would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变例如The teachersaid tome,You mustpay moreattention toyour pronunciation.n一The teachertoldmethat Imust havetopay moreattention tomy pronunciation.He said,I could swim when I was only sixJ—He saidthathecouldswimwhen hewasonlysix.⑺直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变如Jack said.John,where wereyou goingwhenImet youin thestreet”一Jack askedJohnwhere hewas goingwhen hemet himin thestreeto

三、如何变状语直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“鸟来”例:now变为then,yesterday变为the day before地点状语，尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此改为“彼例this改为that,如:He said,These booksare mine.一He saidthose bookswere his.四.如何变句型

①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句如She said,nOurbus willarrive infive minutes.一She saidthat theirbus wouldarrive infive minutes.

②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if弓I导的宾语从句.如He said,HCan youswim,John一He askedJohn ifhe couldswim.You havefinished thehomework,havent younmy motherasked.一My motherasked mewhetherIhadfinished thehomework.Do yougo to school by bus orby bike”一He askedme ifI wenttoschoolbybusor bybike.

③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句必须用陈述句语序She askedme,When dothey havetheir dinner”一She askedme whenthey hadtheirdinner.

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tellask,order,beg等sb not todosth J句型如“Dont makeany noiseJ shesaidto the children,一She toldordered thechildren nottomake anynoise.Bring mea cupof tea,please/*saidshe.—She askedhim tobring heracup oftea.

⑤直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动句词或从句“如:He saidJLets go tothe一He suggestedgoingtothe行Im.或He suggestedthatthey shouldgo tosee the film.引述别人的话有两种方式一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语例如John saidJTm goingto Londonwith myfather.H约翰说“我要和父亲到伦敦去引号内是直接引语John saidthathewas goingto Londonwith hisfather.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦宾语从句是间接引语

五、由直接引语变为间接引语的几种情况

1.直接引语是陈述句时间接引语为that引导的宾语从句口语中that可以省略，主句的引述动词主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等He said,You areyounger thanL”-He saidthat Iwas youngerthan him.

2.直接引语是疑问句时间接引语为陈述语序主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder,do notknow,want toknow,be notsure,be puzzled等1一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if whether引导的宾语从句She said,HDo youoften comehere toread newspapers一She askedme if或whether!often wentthere toread newspapers.She askedme,“You haveseen thefilm,havent youH一She askedme whether或if1had seenthefilm.2选择疑问句变为whether....or宾语从句I askedhim,nWill youstay athome orgo toa filmtonight一I askedhim whetherhe wouldstay athome orgo toa filmthat night.⑶特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句He asked「Where doyou live”一He askedme whereI lived.

3.直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等动词的宾语补足语dont变为not.The teachersaidtothe boy「Open the window.”一The teachertold theboy toopen thewindow.His fathersaidtohim「Dont leavethe dooropen.一His fathertold himnottoleave thedooropen.［注意］1有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest.insist等动词加以转述例如He said,Letsgo tothetheatre/1一He suggestedour goingtothetheatre•或He suggestedthat weshouldgotothetheatre.2Would youmind openingthewindow11he asked.一Heaskedme toopen thewindow.Why dontyou take a walk after suppernhe asked.一he advisedme totakeawalkaftersupper.“Shall welisten tothe musicHhe asked.一He suggestedlistening tothe music.4•直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导She said,What alovely dayitis!”一She saidwhat alovely dayit was.或She saidthat itwas alovely day.

5.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化，变化方法见下表在直接引语中在间接引语中this that指示代词these thosenowthentoday thatdaythis weekmonthetc thatweek month,etc9yesterday thedaybefore表示时间last weekmonth,etc theweekmonth,etc before的词three days a year,etc beforethreedaysayear,etc agotomorrowthe nextfollowingdaythe nextfollowingweeknext weekmonth,etcmonth,etc表地点的here there词bring take动词come go。