2023届高考英语语法发复习同位语从句讲义

同位语从句

一、定义:同位语从句是用以解释、说明某一名词的内容的从句，在句子的作用等同于前面的名词可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,等被解释说doubt,advice,hope,message,suggestion,words,possibility,de cision明的词和同位语从句在逻辑上是主表关系

二、连接词连接作用，没有实际意义

1.thatThe factthat somecountries arestill sufferingpoverty isreally abig problem.I heardthe news that ourteam hadwon.是否（不能引导同位语从句）

2.whether ifThere is some doubt whether he will come.There isnot somedoubt that he will come.The problemwhether weshould continueto do the experimenthas beensolved.The questionwhether weneed moretime todo thework hasnot beendiscussed.连接代词连接副词

3.连接代词等（不能引导同位语从句），在从句中充当一定成分what/who/whom whichI have no idea whatsize shoesshe wears.The questionwho willtake hisplace isstill notclear.连接副词等，在从句中充当一定成分

4.when/where/how/whyI have no ideawhen hewill beback.We haventyet settledthe questionwhere weare goingto spendour vacation.The questionwhy manypeople chooseto livein thecountryside isunder discussion.注:分隔式/间隔式同位语从句:若主句的谓语较短，同位语从句较长，通常把同位语从句后置，从而构成分隔式/间隔式同位语从句这时，要根据语意并仔细分析句子结构，才能做出准确判断When thenews camethat the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.（同位语从句移到后面去）came（谓语太短）,When thenewsthat thewarbrokeouthe（解析）decidedtoservein thearmy.（）The suggestioncame fromthe chairmanthat thenew ruleshould beadopted.

三、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（除外）加以修饰word例如Where didyou getthe ideathat Icould notcomeGive meyour promisethat youwillcometo ourparty thisevening.We cameto thedecision that we mustact atonce.He madea proposalthat themeeting bepostpone.There waslittle hopethat hewould survive.The factthat hishealth isfalling isnot true

四、同位语从句的语气在等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后，同位语从句suggestion,advice,request,order中的谓语动词通常用动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的可以省略“should+should例如（）Our teachergave ussome advicehow weshould usethe computer.（）The suggestioncame fromthe chairmanthatthenew ruleshould beadopted.采纳新规则这个建议是主席提出来的同位语从句与定语从句区别

一、同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词加以限制同位语从句能够解释先行词的具体内容，属于同等位置关系而定语从句只能对先行词起到限定修饰作用，不能解释清楚其具体内容如:The newsthat hesucceeded inthe testmade ushappy.同位语从句The newsthathegot fromthe teachersmade ushappy.定语从句

二、同位语从句的先行词多数为抽象名词，如idea,thought,question,hope,等等而定语从句belief,truth,news,fact,doubt,message,order,chance,possibility,proof,的先行词可以是很多名词或代词，有人，有物，有时间，有地点，有原因，抽象名词也可以成为定语从句的先行词I haveno ideawhere sheleft thebag.We expressedthe hopethatwewould visitChina again.

三、同位语从句中不做成分，无意义，仅起连接作用而定语从句的可以做1that that主语，可以作宾语此时可省，有时还能用替换which和引导定语从句时，先行词必须分别是时间名词，地点名词和2when,where,why但他们引导同位语从句时先行词却不是这些reason.这是他到达的时间This wasthe timewhen hearrived.这是他工作的地点This isplace wherehe works.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到Nobody knowsthe reasonwhy heis oftenlate forschool.Ihavenoideawhen hewill beback.The questionwhy manypeople chooseto liveinthecountryside isunder discussion.引导词不同定语从句不能用引导;而同位从句可以用3what,how,whether what,how,弓导whether IIhavenoidea whatsize shoesshe wears.Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcome.The questionwhether weneed moretime todothework hasnot beendiscussed.注双从句结构名词+定语从句表语从句

1.+be+（渴望）.有用的知识就是我渴望的东西Knowledge thatis useful is what I kmqfor主语从句表语从句（小作文高分表达）

2.+be+有用的东西就是我渴望的What isusefuliswhatIlong for.What Ihope isthat youcan acceptmy invitation.。