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非谓语动词非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的动一般式to doto bedone作同时发生或在其后发生一不定式的动作与句中谓语动词的不定式进行式to bedoing动作同时发生不定式的动作发生在句中谓语动to have been完成式to havedonedone词的动作之前其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的一般式doing being done动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生现在分词/动名词其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词having been完成式having donedone的动作发生与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，过去分词done表完成
①I havea lotof reading to completebefore the end ofthis term.本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成（）2Charles Babbageis generallyconsidered tohave inventedthe firstcomputer.人们一致认为查尔斯・巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机
③No harmseems tohavebeendone,似乎并没有造成伤害
④Do youmind beinginterrupted whilestudying你介意学习时被打扰吗？
⑤Having beenignored fora longtime,the boysitting at the backfelt boredand wentout.因长时间被忽戒，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了
⑥Given enoughtime,we aresure to do itwell.如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好★非谓语动词从形式上来看有三种形式表“主动或进行的动作”V-ing分词表“被动或完成的动作”-ed形式表“目的或是将发生的动作”todo★动词+规则ing、直接力口1ing:go-going;do-doing;、以不发音的结尾，把去掉加2eeing:write-writing;ride-riding;skate-skating;、末尾三个字母以“辅+元+辅”构成的重读闭音节，双写末尾字母加3ing swim-swimming;skip-skipping;sit-sitting;put-putting;shop-shopping;run-running;
4.1e结尾的，把ie改为y再加ing（系）（死）;（撒谎）tie-tying die—dying lie—lying★只接不定式作宾语的动词X.agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,（未能），refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange（碰工）等threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen5She seatedherself ata smalltable in the restaurant,waiting to be served.她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务轮胎
8.When he was readyto leavehe found his bicyclesfront tyreflat.He hadto lookfora placealong thestreet to get hisbicyclerepair.
9.It tellsatouch storythat highlightsChinese families.
10.Shanghai simplifiedthe proceduresfor skilledforeigners workingin the city togetresidence permitswithin threedays,thecity*s latestmeasureattract overseasworkers.
11.Fathers Day,observe onMarch19since MiddleAge,means honoringfathers andcelebratingfatherhood.
12.Most collegesnow offerfirst-year studentsa coursespecially designto helpthemsucceed academicallyand personally.
13.The littleboy staredat thestrange manquestioningly,notknow whetherto believewhathe hadsaid.
14.Failingturn inyour homeworkon timewill directlyaffect yourgrade fora certaincourse.
15.free ourselvesfrom thephysical andmental tensions,we eachneed deepthought andinnerquietness.
16.Clearly andthoughtfullywrite,the bookinspires confidencein studentswho wishtoseek theirown answers.
17.know whichuniversity toattend,the girlasked herteacher foradvice.
18.Johannesburg isknown asthe Cityof Gold,which isthe heartof shop,entertainmentand cityadventure.
19.travel alongthe oldSilk Roadis aninteresting andrewarding experience.
20.understand yourown needsand stylesof communicationis as important aslearning toconveyyour affectionand emotions.
21.In Vancouverit isunusualsee abear,but insome citiesyou cansee biganimals on thecity streetsevery day.•全国乙卷
22.2021Minimize theimpact ofvisitthe place.•全国甲卷
23.2021It ispossible walkor bikethe entire14kilometers.•全国卷
24.2020I Chineseresearchers hopeto usethe instrumentsonboardChange-4find andstudy areasof theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.•全国卷
25.2020II Theyrepresent theearthcome backto lifeand bestwishes fornewbeginnings.•全国卷
26.2020II They are easycarefor andmake greatpresents.江苏卷
27.spend nearlyall ourmoney,we couldnt afford tostay ata hotel.东卷
28.ill Thereis anote pinnedto the doorsay whenthe shopwill openagain.陕西卷
29.work outthe difficultmaths problem,I haveconsulted ProfessorRussellseveral times.天津卷
30.Clearly andthoughtfullywrite,the bookinspires confidencein studentswhowish to seek theirown answers.
31.（1匕京）The parkwas fullof people,（enjoy）themselves inthe sunshine.
32.（天津）（work）for twodays,Steve managedto finishhis reporton schedule.
33.（天津）（absorb）in painting,John didntnotice eveningapproaching.
34.（陕西）Afterreceiving theOscar forBest SupportingActress,Anne Benedictwent on（）thank allthe peoplewho hadhelped inher career.
35.（福建）（learn）more aboutChinese culture,Jack hasdecided totake Chinesefolk musicas an electivecourse.
36.（2022新高考I卷）（cover）an areaabout threetimes thesize ofYellowstoneNational Park,the GPNPwill beone of the firstnational parksinthecountry.
37.（2022新高考I卷）The planwill extendprotection toa significantnumber ofareas that werepreviously unprotected,bringing manyof theexisting protectedareas forgiant pandasunder oneauthority（）increase effectivenessand reduceinconsistenciesin management.
38.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged manfrom Beijingrecently hiked（徒步）40days toXian,（）（路线）as afirst step_____________________________journey the Belt and Road routebyfoot.
39.（2022全国甲卷）Inspired bytheBeltandRoadForum forInternational Cooperation（hold）in（致敬）Beijing,Cao decidedto coverthe routeby hikingasatribute to the ancientSilk Road.
40.（2022全国乙卷）（strengthen）the connectionwith youngpeople,theevent includeda numberof publicpromotional activitieson socialmedia,（）invite twenty-nine teaprofessionals fromaround the world tohave thirty-six hoursof uninterruptedlivebroadcasts.参考答案:
1.waiting
2.to turn
3.winning
4.locking
5.understand
6.blocked
7.developed
8.repaired
9.touching
10.to attract
11.observed
12.designed
13.knowing
14.to turn
15.To free
16.written
17.Not knowing
18.shopping
19.Travelling
20.Understanding
21.to see
22.visiting
23.to walk
24.to find
25.coming
26.to care
27.Having spent
28.saying
29.To work
30.written
31.enjoying
32.Having worked
33.Absorbed
34.thanking
35.To learn
36.Covering
37.to increase
38.to journey
39.held
40.to strengthen;inviting只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语:（避开）,
2.admit,avoid,consider,escape imagine,等此mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like,give up,put off,object to,look forwardto外，（）（）等句型中也用have difficulty/trouble in doing sth.,have funin doing sth.动名词作宾语I avoidedmentioning thesubject incase heshould beoffended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他Its quitehot today.Do youfeel likegoing fora swim今天很热你想去游泳吗？一些动词可接不定式与动名词作宾语，但意义不同
3.忘记去做某事（未做）[forget to do sth.忘记做过某事（已做）[forget doing sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做）fregret to do sth.对做过的事表示后悔（已做）[regret doingsth..记得去做某事（未做）J rememberto do sth记得做过某事（已做）,remember doingsth.尽力去做某事ftry to dosth.尝试做某事[try doingsth.做完一件事后接着做另一件事fgo onto dosth.继续做原来做的事Igo ondoingsth..打算做某事J meanto dosth意味着做某事,mean doingsth.Jcanft helptodosth.不能帮助做某事、,情不自禁地做某事cant helpdoingsth一That wouldmean wastinga lotof labour.——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力一Really I dont meanto wasteany labour.——是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力She nearlyforgot togive hima tipfor hisservice.她几乎忘了给他的服务付小费Was sheworried abouthow I would reactor thatIwouldstop buyingthegroceries ifI foundout她是担忧如果我弄清情况会如何作出反应，还是担忧我不再买食品杂货呢动词不定式的用法to doL作主语不定式作主语时，谓语用单数往往用it作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面如It tookus twohours tofinish thejob.It isimpossible forus toget thereon time.It isvery kindof you to helpus.注意
（1）其他系动词如look,appear等也可用于此句型（）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用…的句型试2It is…to比较（错）It is to negatemy ownidea to believe him.（对）To believehim is to negatemy ownidea.（）结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以3It is+adj.of/for sb.todosth.构成系表结构时，用否则用of,for.作宾语2（）动词+不定式如1He managedto escapefrom thefire.（作形式宾语）I find it hardtogetalong withhim.it注下列动词通常用不定式作宾语want,try,hope,wish,need,forget,know,promise,refuse,等help,decide,begin,start,learn,agree,choose,get（）动词+疑问词，“特殊疑问句+不定式湘当于名词，作宾语如1+tI dontknow whattodonext/how todo itnext.I cantdecide whento gothere.注意不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用作形式宾语如itI findit necessaryto learna foreignlanguage..作宾语补足语3
（1）动词+宾语+不定式（todo）o如He warnedme to be careful.I wantyou tospeak toTom.（不带的不定式）What makesyou thinkso to注可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有ask,tell,order,want,get,would like,like,advise,invite,allow,help,wish,warn,expect,would prefer,encourage（）表见解、看法的动词结构可为动词+宾语+的不定式结构如2to beWeconsider Tomto beone ofthe beststudents inour class.（被动语态）The bookis believedto beuseful.
（3）There+不定式如.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里注意We didntexpect theretobeso manypeople there
（1）有些动词需用as短语作补语，像regard,think,believe,take,consider如We regardEric我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师玛丽把他as ourbest teacher.Mary tookhim asher father.当作自己的父亲
（4）在动词feel（一感），hear,listen to（二听），have,let,make（三让），notice,see,（五看,）（即吾看三室两厅一感觉）等后面的补足语中，不定式watch,observe,look at不带，但变为被动语态后，必须带如t tTheysaw the boy fall off thetree.The boywas seento falloff thetree.
（5）help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.（）I oftenhelp him to cleanthe room.（）I helpedhimtofind histhings.（）.作定语6不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后如（动宾关系）I havea lotof worktodo.（动状关系）He islooking fora roomto livein.（主胃关系）He isthe firstperson tothink ofthe idea.i（同位关系）He hasgot achance togo abroad.注意.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动如1Do youhave anythingelseto say.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词如2（）（我需要一支钢笔写字）I needa pento write with.I willwritewiththe pen（）（我有一个婴儿要照看）I havea littlebaby tolook after.I mustlook afterthe littlebaby.作状语5作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in orderto,so as等to,so...as to,such...as to,....enough to,too...to（）做目的状语，（仅仅为了），（）（如此…1just to,only toin orderto,so as to,so such....as to…以便…）如:,他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车He ranso fastastocatch thefirst busHecame to the schoolto seehis son.（）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面如2He hurriedto thepost officeonly tofinditwas closed.He searchedthe roomonly tofind nothing.（）做原因状语如3We werevery excitedto hearthe news.Im gladto seeyou.（）做条件状语如4To turntotheleft,you couldfind apost office..作表语6不定式可放在动词后面，构成表语如beThe questionis how to putit intopractice.My questionis whento leave.His dreamistobe adoctor.Her workistolook afterthe babies.注意.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数
1.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用形式，可用不定式2V+ing如To seeis tobelieve.（眼见为实）（Seeingisbelieving.）独立结构7To tellyou thetruth,Idontagree withyou.To makematters worse,it beganto rain.动词形式用法・ing☆动词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补和状语-ing
1.have goodmanners isvery important.
1.1remembered lockthe doorbefore leaving,but forgotto turnoff thelights.
3.My fulltime jobis teachEnglish ina middleschool.
4.Theyarevisitors—come fromseveral countries.
5.The teacherfoundhisstudents talkloudly inclass.
6.Beijing Operahas arich listof plays,artists,troupes,audience andwide influences,make ittheleading operain China.☆考点1动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型1做☆某事没有好处_________
1.做某事没有用处________做某事是浪费时间的:______值得做某事_____________做某事毫无意义_________考点形式作宾语2ing只接形式作宾语的动词:-ing避免错过少延期推迟,avoid,miss,delay/postpone建议完成多练习suggest,advise,finish,practise enjoy,喜欢想象禁不住imagine,cant helpadmit,deny,envy承认否定与嫉妒escape,risk,excuse stand,keep,mind逃避冒险莫宽恕allow,permit,appreciate,consider忍受保持不介意允许感激和考虑.含有介词的短语动词接作宾语2to-inglook forwardto...pay attentionto...be/get usedto...lead to...devote...to...stick toinsist on...object to...get downto...make contributionsto...be addictedto
3.allow permitforbid advise.介词后或常考短语形式作宾语4+ingbe interestedin doing.../be fondof doing...have difficulty/trouble indoing...feel like想要doing・・・,be busydoing...,某事值得做sth.be worthdoingbe successfulindoing...be afraidof....接形式做宾语与接不定式作宾语均可，但含义完全不同的动词:5-ing记得做了记住要做忘记做了忘记要做后悔做了遗憾要做意味着打算做停止做停下来做忍不住做不能帮助做想做愿意做试着做尽力（设法）做继续干同一件事接着干另一件事作“需要”讲时，作“应该，应得”讲时，其后必须
6.need,require,want deserve用的主动形式或接表示“某事需要或是应该被…v-ingtobe doneneed/require/want/deserve doing=need/want/require deservetobedone止匕夕卜sth.be worthytobedone sth.be worthyof beingdone☆考点动词作宾补3-ing常接形式做宾语补足语的动词有感官动词等
1.v-ing see,watch,notice,hear,listen,feel,find常接动词做宾语补足语的动词还有使役动词等
2.v-ing have,keep,get,leave☆考点动词作状语
4.-ing动词在句子中可以充当时间、原因、条件、让步、-ing结果、方式或伴随状语判断下列句子中动词充当什么状语并进行句型转换-ing动词作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句
1.-ingSeeing those pictures,he couldnthelp thinkingof thosedays inHeyuan middleschool.=thosepictures,he couldnthelp thinkingof thosedays inHeyuan middleschool.动词作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句
2.-ingBeing so poor,the parentscouldnt affordto sendthe boyto college.=sopoor,the parentscouldntaffordto sendthe boyto college.动词作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句
3.-ingTurning tothe right,you willfind thepost office.=you willfind thepost office.动词作让步状语，相当于一个让步状语从句
4.-ingBeing poor,he livesa happylife.=,he livesa happylife.动词作结果状语，可以用连接
5.-ing andThe bus fell into the river,causing the deaths of50people.=Thebusfellinto theriverthedeathsof50people.动词作方式或伴随状语，可以用连接
6.-ing andThey went into the classroom,laughing happily.=Theywentintotheclassroom happily.一般式表示动作同时进行，完成式表示动作有明显的先后顺序1see thebeautiful scenery,the childrenfelt excited.2write theletter,John wenttothepost office.3tell many times,theboyknew howto spellthe Englishword.4not knowhowtodo it,he hadto askfor help.5not receiveany reply,he decidedto writeanother letter.★独立主格结构分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语需要记忆的特殊结构
1.Weather permitting,the footballmatch willbe playedon Friday.
2.Generally speaking,boys aremore interestedin sciencethan girls.
3.Judging fromhis accent,he mustcome fromCanada.
4.Considering hisage,he looksquite young.过去分词用法作状语
1.Clearly andthoughtfullywrite,the bookinspires confidencein studentswho wishtoseek theirown answers.
2.raisein the poorest areaof Glasgow,he hada long,hard roadto becominga footballstar.作宾语补足语
3.absorbin painting,John didntnotice eveningapproaching.
4.The managerwas satisfiedto seemany newproductsdevelopafter great effort.
5.Back fromhis twoyearmedical servicein Africa,Dr.Lee wasvery happyto seehismothertakegood careof at home.
6.When wesaw theroadblockwith snow,we decidedto spendthe holidaysat home.作定语Yangshuo isreally beautiful.A studyof travelersconduct bythe websiteTripAdvisornames Yangshuoas oneofthetop10destinations intheworld.The producercomesregularly tocollect thecamerasreturn toour shopfor qualityproblems.
9.You cannotaccept anopinionofferto youunless itis basedon facts.
10.Amie Salmon,disabled,is attendedthroughout herschool daysby anurse appointtoguardher.
11.Paris,regard asa fashioncapital likeNew York,Milan,and London,happens tobethe headquarterof manytop fashionhouses likeChanel,Diro,Hermes,Louis Vuitton,etc.状语从句的省略问题
12.The decisionmakeatthemeeting surprisedallofus.
13.Children,whenaccompanyby theirparents,are allowedto enterthe stadium.
14.1facceptfor thejob,youll beinformed soon.结构搭配应用
15.While waitingfor theopportunity togetpromote,Henry didhis bestto performhisduty.
16.Before drivingintothecity,you arerequired toget your carwash.
17.When Ipassed thisafternoon,I sawa littleboy lyingonthegrass,his handscrossunder hishead.参考解析句意这本书脉络清晰，论述深刻，能够激发那些自主探究答案的学生的自信心
1.written与之间为被动关系，因此填的过去分词形式book writewrite句意他在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地方被抚养长大，想成为足球明星还有一段很长、很艰
2.Raised难的路程要走和之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作原因状语raise he句意专心致志于绘画中，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临与之间是被动关
3.Absorbed Johnabsorb系，表示“专心于”be absorbedi n句意经理看到经过很大的努力之后生产出了这么多新产品非常满意
4.developed seesth.done表示“看到某物被”，句中与之间为被动关系，故应填products developdevelopedo句意从在非洲为期两年的医疗服务回来后，李医生非常开心地看到他的母亲在家里
5.taken被照顾得很好“看到某人被……”see sb.done句意当看到路被积雪封住了时，我们决定这个假期在家里度过宾语与
6.blocked roadblock之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式句意……由旅行顾问网站进行的对旅游者的研究将阳朔命名为世界上前十位的
7.conducted旅游目的地之一因为和之间是被动关系，所以使用过去分词作定语study conduct句意生产商定期来收集因质量问题而退回到我们店的相机与之间
8.returned camerasreturn是被动关系，故应填returnedo句意你不能接受别人提供给你的观点，除非它是建立在事实的基础上的分析
9.offered句子结构可知，此处缺后置定语，而且句中与动词之间为被动关系，故用过去分opinion offer词形式
10.appointed句意由于残疾，艾米・萨蒙在整个求学期间都由一位被指派的护士照料nurse与之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语appoint句意与纽约、米兰和伦敦一样被称作时尚之都的巴黎，正好是许多如香奈儿、
11.regarded迪奥、爱马仕、路易威登等顶级时尚品牌的总部与动词是被动关系，故用过去分Paris regard词作定语句意会上做的决定让我们都很惊讶与动词是被动关系，故用过去
12.made decision make分词作定语句意孩子们在有父母陪同时可被允许进入体育馆与之
13.accompanied childrenaccompany间为被动关系，再由后面的可知，此处应填表示孩子被父母陪by theirparents accompanied同句意如果你被接受做这份工作，那么你很快就会收到通知本句的主语和
14.accepted you之间是被动关系，所以这里使用过去分词形式，相当于状语从句accept Ifyou areaccepted forthe的省略job句意在等待被提升的机会时，亨利尽力做好自己的本职工作此处为连系
15.promoted get动词，意为“被；受到”，后面接动词的过去分词形式，构成“过去分词”式被动结构ge t+句意在开车进入这个城市之前，你需要洗干净你的车分析句子结构可知，空格
16.washed处在句中作宾语补足语宾语与动词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式yourcarwash句意今天下午路过时，我看见一个男孩躺在草地上，双手交叉放在头下
17.crossed hands与是被动关系，表示“双手被交叉”，故填过去分词cross★现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别现在分词表示的意义是主动的，行的:正在采花的女孩the girlgathering flowers过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的;早晨采的花the flowersgathered thismorning注意和均表示“被动，但是强调“正在被…”，句
1.beingdone done beingdone中一般会有；等表示“现在“此亥的时间状语标志now atthe momentThe housebeingbuilt nowis forthepoor.★和均表示“主动”，但是非谓语动词的时态根据谓语动词的having donedoing时态决定表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前，且有明显的时间先Having done后顺序，句中有等强调动词持续性和for manyyears;for centuries;twice;manytimes反复性的标志词和的区别同理Having beendonedone
①Having graduatedfrom highschool fora longtime,he becamea journalist.
②Having beencriticized today,hewasso sad.
③Brought upin Paris,she speaksFrench veryfluently.模拟练习与高考真题再现
1.To avoidwaitin linewe adviseyoutobuy yourtickets inadvance online.
2..For yearsHainan hasbeen developingits tourismindustry,which aimsturn theislandinto aninternational touristdestination.
3.In mymind,they helpus tobecome calmand considerwinand solvingreal problemsaswell.
4.I rememberedlockthedoorbefore Ileft theoffice,but forgotto turnoff thelights.
5..Let thosein needunderstandthatwewill goall outto helpthem.
6.When wesaw theroadblock withsnow,we decidedto spendthe holidayathome.
7.The managerwas satisfiedtoseemany newproductsdevelop aftergreateffort.。
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