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初高中英语语法衔接材料第九讲动词的时态和语态
一、一般时态一般现在时
1.()一般现在时的构成1一般现在时由动词原形或动词第三人称单数构成动词的第一人称单数形be式用第三人称单数形式用其他人称形式均用动词的第三人称单数am,is,areo have形式用实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则见下表haso变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加-一S hatehates以-s,-x,-sh,-ch或结尾的动词,在词尾加一-o-es discussdiscusses wash—washes一一一teach teachesfix fixesgo goes以“辅音字母结尾的动词,+y”一一carry carriesstudy studies变为再加y i-es⑵一般现在时的用法
①表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态常与副词(词组)always,every time,now andthen,occasionally,often,frequently,constantly,seldom,never,等连用sometimes,usually,every day/nightThe SpringFestival playsa majorrole in the livesof Chinesepeople,so variousactivitiesare necessaryfor addinga flavourto thefestival.春节在中国人的生活中起着重要的作用,因此为增添节日气氛而进行的各种活动也必不可少Mary oftengoes to work bybus,and hetakes awalk withhis wifeafter dinnereveryday.玛丽经常乘公共汽车去上班,而且每天晚饭后和妻子一块散步
②按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作或事件常用于go,arrive,等动词(词组)leave,start,stay,return,begin,come,take offLookat thetimetable.Hurry up!Flight4026takes offat
1820.看看时间表快点儿吧!4026航班将在1820起飞
③表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象The sunalways risesin the east andsets in the west.太阳总是从东边升起,从西边落下★
④在条件、时间及让步状语从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表不将来.要是明天晴天,我们就去野餐If it is finetomorrow,we willgo ona picnic如果你努力,你将取得很大的进步If youwork hard,you willmake greatprogress.Fil我一到北京就会给你打电话call youas soonas Iarrive inBeijing.get usedto习惯于…只好,不得不有have got=have只好,不得不cannot butdo sth.help sb.outhave gotto=have to不得不帮助摆脱困境;救出turn tosb.for help求助于有帮助;有用be ofhelp赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发give away乐于助人be readyto helpothers归还give backgive in屈服,让步,投降以为中心的词组
12.hold同意,接受;向让步giveinto阻碍;抑制;隐瞒hold back发出(烟,气味)give off压制;抑制hold down分发,公布give out坚持下去;继续;(电话)不挂断hold on让位于,被所替代give placeto抓住不放hold onto引起,导致;使发生give riseto举起;耽搁;耽误hold up放弃;停止give up伸出;提供;坚持到底holdout hold让步,退却;屈服于give wayto合在(一起);together团结(在一起)以为中心的词组
10.go设法得到;追求go after以为中心的词组
13.keep继续进行;去做吧go ahead不接近;避开keep away全力以赴go allout扣下;阻止;留下;keep...back失信go backon onesword/promise忍住(眼泪等)追溯到go back to…遵循;坚持(法规、习惯、风俗等)keep to超过go beyond让开;不接近keep off下落;减弱go down把挡在外面keep out跪下go downon onesknees跟上;与保持一致keep up with喜爱;从事go infor()keep intouch contact with接着做(另一件事情)go onto do sth.与某人保持联系继续做(同一件事情)go ondoing sth.使坚持做下去;下沉;传下去keep sb.doing sth.go down每况愈下阻止;使免于;go frombad toworse keep sb.from doing sth.挨家挨户抑制go fromdoor to door保持安静;保持沉默仔细检查;复习keep silencegoover己住熄灭;过时keep sth.in mind1go out.经历;检查把据为己有go through..keep sth.to oneselfgoup增长;提高keepsb.company与某人做伴;陪伴某人与相配;伴随go with使得以控制keep...under control没有也行go without以为中心的词以为中心的词组
14.know
11.help helpsb.with sth.帮助做禁不住通称为;以著称;cant helpdoing sth.cannot be known as...help/choose butdo sth.被认为是.因而出名从上面看过去;检查beknownfor..look overbeknown tosb.为某人所了解look through透过看去;看穿刘览become well known出名look to依赖据我所知仰望,尊敬as faras Iknow lookup to..众所周知It iswellknownthat.knowlook up查出;向上看了角星;知道about/of know...fbr certain直视某人look sb.in theeye/face确实知道know sb.by name仅知道某人的名字(不认识)以为中心的词组
18.make bemade from与某人面熟(不熟悉)know sb.by sight由……原料制成背诵know/leam...byheart(不可见原材料)be公告;发表;表示make...known/public由..•材料制成made of(可见原材料)make Ainto以为中心的词组乱
15.leave leaveaboutB放放任不管留leave aloneleave behind把(原材料)制成(产品)A Bbe下;遗下离开去leaveAforB A B leave由组成made upof尽善尽美nothing to be desiredleave out走向,有利于匆匆离make formake off省去;遗漏留下;剩下leave overleave开;逃走make out填写;开支票;理解;留下余地room for辨认尽量利用make the best of make up告别请假take leaveask forleave起草;组成;编造;化妆弥make upfor补为让路,让路于make wayfor以为中心的词组
16.let随便,别拘束make oneselfat homemakelet alone不干涉;听之任之;更不必说an attempt试图,尝试make adecision做let...be不干涉;听之任之let down使失决定make afire生火make afool of愚弄,望;放下欺骗make aliving谋生make amistake弄错取笑使用,let go释放;松手make funofmakeuse of利用确定,确信make sure/certain make(!放开我!)放Let goof melet in与接触,contactwith进来与……联系make every放出(炮、烟花、枪等),饶恕let offleteffort to dosth.发出(叫喊),泄露(秘密)out be to let竭尽全力做事事make出租和……交友friends withmake preparations为作准备for以为中心的词组四下
17.look lookabout为作安排make arrangementsfor环顾;查看照顾,看管look afterlook东张西望…似乎;好象中甫床around lookas ifmake bedlookat注视,着眼于look back回顾make sth.clear表明;说明寻找;期待,期望look for使成为可能make sth.possible轻视,看不起look downon/upon look将定为规则make sth.a rule盼望,期待forward tomakeends meet应付开支;维持生活;使窥视;调查;浏览look into收支相抵看起来象look like决心;决定make upones mind旁观;面向look on长话短说to makealong storyshort向外看;注意;当心提防look outtomake thingsworse使情况更糟糕的是处理;料理see to sth.使毛骨make sb.s hairstand onend・・・・・・注意做到;务必要see toit that...悚然注意;留心see to例如看穿see through!我能行!I canmake it负责处理see aboutsth.Cold teamakes thebest drinkin summer.据我所知as faras Ican see凉茶是夏天最好的饮料以为中心的词组
22.set以为中心的词组
19.pullset aboutdoing sth.=set outto dosth.往后撤,使撤退pull back开始做…=get downto doingsth.拉倒,摧毁pull down留出;拔出;把搁置set aside(车)进站,停站;(船)靠岸pull in出发;开始;阐述冽举set out扯下;撕开,剥掉pull off出发;启程;着手做某事set off拔出挖出;离开,撤走;突然撤pull outz树立;建立;设立;提出set up走,(车,船)驶出sb.为做出榜样set anexample to度过难关,从疾病中康复pull through放火烧set fireto sth.=set sth.on fire拔起;(使)停下;阻止pull uppulla longface拉长脸,生气set footin...进入;踏上pull onefsleg取笑某人set off动身;燃放(鞭炮、烟花等);引起
20.以put为中心的词组set onesmind/heart on...下定决心put across清楚地表达set free释放;解放put aside把…放在一边;搁置;排除set in(季节,时期等)开始,来除患上(某把某物收起来;放好put away种疾病)(潮汐)上涨,涌入放下;镇压;制止;记下;put down例如put forward提出;建议才隹荐;把钟表日落西方
1.The sunsets in the west.指针前拨
2.a playthat isset inVenice关掉;熄灭;脱掉;推迟put off以威尼斯为背景的戏剧穿上;假装;增加;欺骗;上演;开put on扬帆,开航set sail(灯或收音机等)上闹钟set analarm clock熄灭出版;公布;伸出put out一副假牙a setof falseteeth飞全神贯注,put oneheart into专心致志以为中心的词组
23.speak举起才苔建;提出(计划、方案等);put up代表.说话;为辩护speak for・・・・・・・・・・・忍受,容忍put upwith大胆讲出来speak out摆架子put onairs坦率说出自己的看法speak up为某人进言put ina wordfor sb.又寸speak highly/well/highly/ill/badly of某人/某事称赞或非议以为中心的词组
21.see generally/strictly/roughly/frankly speaking开始;着手一般来说,严格地讲,粗略地讲,老实see about地说为某人送行see sb.off.不值一说;没有说take delight/pleasure/interest/pridenothing tospeak of..号欢、以自最的价值in…生效,奏效take effect以为中心的词组
24.stand做体操、健身take exercisestandat attention/ease立正/稍息take iteasy别着急,慢慢来stand back退后,靠后站take...into account/consideration后援,做后盾把……考虑在内stand behind就坐stand by支持;遵守;袖手旁观take onesplace不理睬代表;象征take nonotice ofstandfor就职与……分担take officestandinwithstand out站出来,突出take onestime慢慢来,不着急stand up站起;站得住脚take onestemperature量体温拥护、支持stand upfor参与,参力口take part in经得起stand up to发生,举行take place!站住不动!冒险做stand stilltake riskto do成形以为中心的词组take shape
25.take
26.take sb.by thearm拉某人的胳膊take after代替take theplace of(外貌、性格上)与(父母)相像为首,领头take thelead拿走;夺去take away主持会议take thechair收回;取消take back生病be takenill/sick取下;记下take down随遇而安take thingsas theycome把当作take Afor BAB认为是当然的take...for granted接纳;吸收;理解;欺骗take in认真看待take...seriously呈现;承担;雇用take ontaketrouble/pains to do脱去;起飞take off不辞辛苦的做……接收寸妾管take over轮流做某事开始从事;take turnsto dosth.take up把某事继续下去二占据take aim瞄准设立目标
26.以tell为中心的词组,利用take advantageof区分tell Aand Bapart=tell Aapart fromBtake careof注意;照顾;提防;开A与B就坐辨别是非take aseat tellright fromwrong淋浴,洗澡take ashower说老实话to tellthe truth坐火车/船/公车take aboat/a bus向某人讲起tell sb.about/of sth.散步/休息take awalk/rest说谎tell alie冒险,碰运气take achance take说善意的谎言tell awhitelieaction/measures todo...算命,占卜tell onesfortune采取行动/措施实话实说tell itlike itis掌控take chargeofthere isno telling…不知道,说不出take ones turn todo轮到做厌恶turn awayfrom以为中心的词组
29.work workat
28.turn研究;致力于从事;work oninone9sturn轮到某人做某事对……产生影响,起作用不按次序的,不合适宜的work outout of turn制定出,算出,理解…对行得通work with轮流by turns在工作依次,倒过来也at workinturnin/outofwork有/没有工作(失业)模拟练习与高考真题再现
1.When wefirstmeet,I wasimpressed byher voice.
2.The fatheras wellas histhree childrengoskating on the frozenriver everySundayafternoon inwinter.
3..The movieadaptfrom thetrue storyof aroad tripthrough thesouthern USin theearly1960s.
4.They madeup theirminds thattheybuy anew houseonce Larrychanged hisjob.传感器
5.Engineersset upover15,000sensors nationwideand wiringthem intoaweb.
6.At thistime tomorrowwefly over the AtlanticOcean.
7.Shirley writea bookabout Chinalast yearbut Idont knowwhether shehas finishedit.
8.Hurry up!Mr.Johnsonexpect youin hisoffice.
9.Just asI gotto theschool gate,I realizedIleave mybook in the cafe.
10.Either thebeautiful sightsof thismodern cityor itslocal customattract thousandsofvisitors duringthe pastyears.
11.Doctors andscientistslearn agreat dealabout sleepin thelast thirtyyears.
12.Since Zhangjiajieimprove itstransportation andservice forlong,the citynow canreceive36,200tourists perday.一
13.Tony,why areyour eyesred——Icutup peppersfor thelast fiveminutes.
14.When Alicecame tolife,she didnot knowhow longshe liethere.
15.In thenear future,I hopemore progressmakein farming.
16.Despite theprevious roundsof talks,no agreementreachso farby thetwo sides.
17.They areliving withtheir parentsfor themoment becausetheir ownhouse isdecorate.
18.A rescueworker riskedhis lifesaving twotourists whotrapin themountains fortwodays.
19.Nowadays,cycling,along withjogging andswimming,regard asone of the bestall-round formsof exercise.•全国甲卷
20.2021Itbuild originallyto protectthe city in theTang Dynastyand has修复.now beencompletely restoredd•新高考卷
21.2021I Whatcomes nextis theendless seriesof steps.You canthelpwondering howhard itbefor thepeople thento putall thoserocks intoplace.•全国甲卷
22.2021Wehire ourbikes fromthe rentalplace atthe SouthGate.My bikewasold andshaky butdid thejob.•全国卷
23.2020I Chinahas becomethe firstcountry toland a spacecraft onthe farside探测器一ofthemoon.The unmannedChange-4probe thename wasinspired byanancient Chinesemoon goddess—touch downlast weekin theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.•全国卷
24.2020I CarlePieters,a scientistat BrownUniversity,saysjbecause itmeanwe havethe chanceto obtaininformation abouthow themoon construct.”浙江卷月
25.2020♦7And,as morechildren wereborn,more foodneed.模拟练习与高考真题再现
1.met
2.goes
3.was adapted
4.would buy
5.are setting
6.will be flying
7.was writing
8.is expecting
9.had left
10.has attracted
11.have learned
12.has beenimproving
13.have beencutting
14.had beenlying
15.will bemade
16.has beenreached
17.is beingdecorated
18.had beentrapped
19.is regarded
20.was built
21.was
22.hired
23.touched
24.means;is constructed
25.was needed一般过去时
2.一般过去时的构成1一般过去时由动词的过去式构成规则动词的过去式的变化规则见下表:变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加一-ed looklooked以结尾的动词后加-e-d一一hope hopedlike liked一study—studied try以“辅音字母+结尾的动词,变为再加y”yi-edtried一一stop stoppedprefer以重读闭音节或音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音一/r/preferred admit字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed admittedpermit一permitted⑵一般过去时的用法表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作常与等表示often,usually,seldom频度的副词连用还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,与现在没有关系,常与等表示过yesterday,the otherday,last week,the daybefore yesterday去的时间状语连用Earlier thisyear Iremoved allInternet servicesfrom myhome,which wasveryupsetting atfirst,but I have livedthat way.今年早些时候,我从家里撤掉了所有的互联网服务,起初这令人十分沮丧,但我一直这样生活着一般将来时
3.一般将来时的构成1由动词原形”构成其中用于第一人称,用于所有人称“shall/will+shall will下周我将拜访他I will/shall goto visithim next week.天气预报员说明天将会下雨The weatherreporter saysit willrain tomorrow.2一般将来时的用法表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语一段时间”等连用动词原形”还可以表示说话时临tomorrow,next year,“in+will+时做出的决定一几点了?What timeis it一I haveno idea.But justa minute,I willcheck itfor you.——我不知道你稍等,我给你查查⑶其他表示“将来”的结构及用法
①“be going to+动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事Look,dark cloudsare gathering.It isgoing torain soon,I think.瞧,乌云正在聚集我想快要下雨了今天我们要开会We aregoingtohave ameeting today.
②“be to+动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作You areto handin yourpapers by10oclock.点钟前你们得交上试卷10
③“be about to+动词原形”表示眼下正要或即将做某事,该结构不与表示具体时间的状语连用They areabouttoget married.他们即将结婚★如果表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,要用过去将来时动词原形该时态主要出现在间接引语中would/should+I telephonedhim yesterdayto askwhat Iwould/should donextweek.我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么
二、进行时态进行时的构成
1.现在进行时由动词形式”构成;过去进行时由动词“am/is/are+-ing“was/were+-ing形式”构成;将来进行时由动词形式”构成动词形式的变“will/shall+be+-ing-ing化规则如下表变化规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加一-ing askasking以不发音的字母结尾的动词,去再加一一ee-ingwrite writingtake takingface—facing以重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字cut一cutting begin一beginning母,双写该辅音字母再加-ing swim—swimming以结尾的动词,变为再加一-ie-ie y-ing lielying die—dying进行时的用法
2.现在进行时1
①表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作,虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行一I hearyou areworking ina pub.Whats itlike——我听说你在酒吧工作感觉怎么样?一Well,its veryhard workand Imalways tired,but Idont mind.——哦,工作很辛苦,我也总是很累,不过我不介意我现在正在我的书房读小说I amreading anovel inmy study.
②表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作,常用于go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,等动词work,sleep,stay,have,wear,run outFoodsupplies in the flood-stricken areaare runningout.We mustact immediatelybeforetheres noneleft.洪灾地区的食物供给快要用完了我们必须在食物吃完以前马上行动这个歌手明天将动身去纽约The singeris leavingfor NewYork tomorrow.⑵过去进行时
①表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在进行的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及等at thattime,at thatmoment,at thistime yesterday,at tenoclock yesterday连用Rick musthave sensedthat I was lookingat him.里克一定感觉到了我正在看他.昨晚八点我正在看电视I waswatching TVat8:00yesterday evening
②表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个,常与和引导的时间状语when while从句连用Jack wasworking inthe labwhen thepower cutoccurred.停电时,杰克正在实验室里工作Iwasdoing myhomework whenthe teachercame in.老师进来时,我正在做家庭作业⑶将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段内正在发生或进行的动作,常与一些标志性的时间状语连用,如at thistime tomorrow,by then,from130to430tomorrow等I cantattend theparty becauseI willbeflyingto Japanat thistime tomorrow.我无法出席那个聚会了,因为明天的这个时间我正飞往日本
三、完成时态1完成时的构成.现在完成时由过去分词”构成;过去完成时由过去分词”构成“have/has+“had+
2.完成时的用法⑴现在完成时
①表示一个动作开始于过去,持续到现在(甚至到将来)常用的时间状语lately,等recently,inthelast/past fewdays/years,uptonow,since then,so farChinascultural softpower andthe internationalinfluence ofChinese culturehaveincreased significantlyinthepast fewyears.近几年来,中国文化软实力和中国文化国际影响力显著提升He has already receivedthree similarinvitations thisweek.本周他已经收到了三份相似的请柬
②表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响常用的状语:(刚already,ever,just刚),等yet,beforeThe concerthasalreadystarted.音乐会已经开始了
③在条件和时间状语从句中,用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作Will youcome tomy officewhen youhave Hnishedyour work你完成工作后到我办公室来一下好吗?()过去完成时2
①表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态,即过去的过去句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)Mary hadlearned someEnglish beforeshe cameto ourschool.玛丽在来我们学校前已学过一些英语了
②表示从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态,常用的时间状语从句”等before,by then,by thattime,by theend of,by thetime+It tookme along timebefore Iwas ableto fullyappreciate whatthey had done for me.很久后我才能够完全领会到他们为我所做的一切
③表示“愿望、打算”的动词如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,plan,用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划intendI hadintended tocall onyou yesterday,but Ihad anunexpected visitor.昨天我本来打算去看你,但是来了一位不速之客★常使用完成时的句型和结构lThis/It/That isthe first/...time+that sb.has/have donesth.;This/It/That was the first/...time+that sb.had donesth.这/那是某人第一/……次做某事It isthe secondtime thatI haveseen thismovie.这是我第二次看这部电影It wasthe thirdtime thathe hadmade thesame mistake.这是他第三次犯同样的错误了
②It/This is/wasthe+最高级+名词+that定语从句,从句用完成时这是我看过的最好的电影This isthebestfilm thatI haveever seen.
③It is/has been+一段时间+since sb.did sth.;段时间+自从以来多久了It was/had beend—since sb.haddonesth.他参军年了It is/has been3years sincehe joinedthe army.3©hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than.・.一就.......,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时Hardly/No soonerhad Igot homewhen/than therain poureddown.我刚到家,大雨就倾盆而下了、完成进行时完成进行时的构成
1.现在完成进行时由动词形式”构成;过去完成进行时“have/has+been+-ing由动词形式”构成“had+been+-ing.完成进行时的用法2现在完成进行时1
①常用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直持续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作The studentshave beenworking hardon theirlessons andtheir effortswill berewardedwith successintheend.学生们一直努力学习功课,他们的付出最终会获得成功的Im verytired.I have been checkingthe students*papers all the morning.我很累我整个上午都在批改学生的试卷
②表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作Ihavebeen callinghim manytimes thismorning,but theresno answer.今天上午我给他打了数次电话,但没人接★现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别⑴现在完成时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止已经完成,体现动作的结果⑵现在完成进行时表示过去开始的一个动作到目前为止仍在进行,甚至仍将继续⑶持续性动词用于现在完成时和现在完成进行时,表达含义不同,前者重在描述客观事实,后者重在感情色彩的表达过去完成进行时2过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去某一时间这一动作可能已经停止也可能还在进行She toldme thatshe had been studyingFrench for5years.她告诉我她已经学习法语年了动作仍在继续5She toldme thatshe hadbeen waitingformefor anhour.她告诉我她已经等我一个小时了动作不再继续★确定动词时态的“四个依据”标志性状语
3.在题干中,yesterday,tomorrow,always,since,inthepast fewyears,overtheyears,时间点”,等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,做题时可以通过寻找时“by+so far间标志词来判定时态平行谓语动词
4.当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时,它们之间可能是同时发生,也可能有一定的先后关系,我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态语境暗示
5.有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”来表明时态,正确分析语境也是解答时态问题的一条行之有效的方法常用句式
6.掌握常用句式也是解答时态问题快速且行之有效的方法,因此平时要多积累,并熟记一些常用句式中的时态前面的句子常用过去进行时,后面的句子常用一lbe doing...when whenwhen般过去时时间段+从句,主句用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句2It is/has been+since用一般过去时祈使句+陈述句,陈述句常用一般将来时3and/or+动词的语态
一、被动语态的构成被动语态由过去分词”构成,动词有人称、数和时态的变化被动语态“be+be的构成形式还有过去分词”各种时态的被动语态形式如下表以动词“get/become+为例give时态现在时过去时将来时过去将来时am given is givenwas givenwereare given given shallbe givenwill shouldbe given般时be given would begivenwas beinggiven进行时无无am beinggiveniswere beinggivenbeing givenarebeing givenshallhavebeenshould havebeen完成时hadbeengivenhas beengivengivenwill havegivenwouldhavehave beengiven beengiven beengiven
二、被动语态的用法被动语态的使用场合
(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时;
(2)强调动作的承受者时As isindicated inthe survey,more andmore peoplechoose totravel alone.调查显示,越来越多的人选择独自旅行Do asyou wouldbe doneby.己所不欲,勿施于人It isreported thataspacestation willbe builtonthemoon inyears tocome.据报道,在未来的几年内月球上将建成一个空间站In myhometown,there isalways aharvest supperfor thefarmers afterallthewheathas beencut.在我的家乡,当所有的麦子收割完成后,农民们总是会享受一顿收获的晚餐With manyforests beingdestroyed,huge quantitiesof goodearth arebeing washedawayeach year.因为许多森林被毁,每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走★易错提示()有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态常见的有有;花费;1have costlack缺少;拥有;属于;参力口own belongto takepartin()不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态常见的有发2happen/take place/occur生;剩下;爆发;持续;出版;被提出;remain break out lastcome outcome uplose heart失去信心;追溯到;用完date from/backtorun out
三、构成的表示被动的短语等get getpaid/lost/hurtWe getpaid bythe week.我们按周获得薪酬
四、主动形式表示被动意义•”系动词(1feel,sound,taste,look,smell,appear,seem,turn,stay,become,get,等)+形容词/名词”构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义grow,keepThis kindof woolshirt feelssoft andsells well.这种羊毛衫摸起来很软,卖得很好.当等不及物动词后带状语2selh read,cut,wash,write,open,wear,run,burn(等),用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动意义well/easilyHave youbought thebook thatsells wellthese daysI thinkitissuitable forusteenagers.你买最近销量很好的那本书了吗?我认为它非常适合我们青少年_在等动词的后面,用动词形式表示被动意义,
3.need,want,require,deserve-ing其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式The houseneeds repairing/toberepaired.这所房子需要修理在某些“主语(人/物)形容词+不定式”中,不定式的主动形式表示被动
4.+be+意义这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,等°interestingThe problemis difficulttoworkout.这道题很难计算出结果一也属于主动形式表示被动意义
5.betorent/blameWho isto blamefor themistake谁break...into pieces打碎应为此错误承担责任呢?中断;突然停止;暂停;断绝break off高考核心动词短语突发;爆发breakout以为中心的词组
1.agree突破;突围break through对达成协议;agree on开垦,破碎;break up对取得一致意见解散,分开,分解赞同某人观点、意见等agree to违反法律break thelaw()suggestion,arrangement etc.破记录break therecord赞同某人或某人的话;适合agree with食言break one*s promise/word使某人心碎break sbsheart以为中心的词组
2.break与某人断交break withsb.月兑离,逃离break awayfrom天亮了(破晓)Day breaks破坏,粉碎;瓦解;出故障,break down抛锚以为中心的词组
3.bring闯入;打断break in造成、导致bring aboutbreakinto闯入;强行进入;突然开始打落(飞机、禽鸟等);降bring down低(物价、温度等)成bring forward提出come intopower开始执政,当权,当选开始使用,获得应用引进;介绍;收获come intouse comebringin实行、贯彻on上演;开始;赶快;发展;登台;问bring intoeffect/practice bring题被提出出版、发表;说出(意义)out bring sth.to an end/a stop/a closecome out出来,传出;出版;结果是;褪使终止、结束色;秘密泄露使想起、回忆起苏醒,复原;共计;达到;归bringsth.to mindbring come to集合;召集together结于bring up养育come toanend终止,结束营救某人come toones rescue以为中心的词组
4.catch开始了解到cometoknow被发现做某事be caughtdoingcome tothe point说到要点;抓住关键淋雨be caughtintherain实现,成为现实;证实come truecatch a bus/train赶汽车/火车come up走近;上楼;长出,发芽伤风,感冒catchacoldcatch fire着火
7.以do为中心的词组想抓住、设法抓住catch atsth.做一件好事do agood deed抓住的要点catch thepoint of...do awaywith去掉,废除;弄死;浪费引人注目catch oneseye有益于do goodto发现,瞥见catch sightof有害于do harmto=do sb.good catchupwith赶上,追及,追上尽某人最大努力do one,s best公平对待某人do sb.justice以为中心的词组
5.call搞卫生do somecleaning V+ing,etc.拜访某地call at帮助某人do sb.a favor要求call for学得不错,干得漂亮do wellin召来;请某人帮忙call in处理,忍受do with访问某人,号召;呼吁;call oncallout大声叫唤;唤起do without不需要,不用创造奇迹do wonders
6.以come为中心的词组have muchtodowith和..彳艮有关系偶尔发现,想起;come across与无关have nothingtodowith越过;偿付和有关have somethingtodowith一道来,陪伴;come along行了,够了That willdo进步,进展;出现获得come by以为中心的词组
8.get来自,起源于,come from习惯于,get accustomedto从……产生’生于对……习以为常进来,进入;流行起来;come in度过,说服,使理解get across获名次_胜过,超过get aheadof发生,产牛,出现,形come intobeing与……相处get alongwith开始认真考虑get downtosth./doing进入,陷入;牵涉get in送走;脱下衣服;下车get off上车;穿上;进步,使前进;成功;get on相处越过;恢复,痊愈;get over克服;完成、为作准备get readyfor除去,去掉,免除,摆脱get ridof get到达,完成,通过;及格through get积聚,积累;together商谈,取得一致意见起床,起立;研究,钻研;致力于;get up安排,组织。
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