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复习导学案
(一)X2Unit5【学习目标】
1.Learn todeal withanemergency situation.
2.Writeastory aboutfirst aid.【必备短语】
1.•firstaid急救技能
2.donation器官捐赠
3.nuclear核辐射
4.soils酸性土壤
5.thetopof(heskin皮肤的表层
6.aofthewar一名战斗受害者
7.the table在桌子下面
8.the burntarea包扎烧伤部位
9.asocial programme一项社会福利方案
10.onthesofa倒在沙发上
11.liveinawealthy ofChicago住在芝加哥郊区的一处富人区
12.get agym获得健身房会员资格【必备单词】
1.[maino(r)]M•.较小的;次要的稍微的—minority”.少数;少数派;少数人;少数民族一(反义词)major〃力’.主要的;重要的;大的;严峻的—majority〃.大局部;大多数
2.(Ilektri kl的.电的;用电的;电动的—electricity/.电—electrical a电的;与电有关的—»electronic电子的
3.[swel]泣(swelled,swollen)膨胀;肿胀—swollen身体部位)肿起的肿胀的
4.[n3v]n.神经Tnervous紧急的
5.[lu s]时.松的;未系紧的;宽松的—loosenV.(使)放松,变松;解开Tooselyadv.宽松地;松散地;不精确地
6.「paektlkl]“
6.切实可行的;实际的;实践的—practically〃小.实际上;几乎—practice〃.练习;实践v.练习
7.(talc]靖.坚固的;紧身的;绷紧的严密的小.紧紧地;坚固地-tightly加忆紧紧地;坚固地;紧密地-tighlenv.(使)变紧,更加坚固;使更加严格;力口强
8.「dj Astlfal]证明有道理;为辩护;是的正值理由—justice〃.公正;正义—justificd•.有合理解释的
9.[fD gi|adj.有雾的—fbg n.雾【小试牛刀】
1.Your skin(充当)a barrieragainst diseaseandthe sunsrays.
2.Bums aredivided intothree types,___________________(取决于)thedepth ofskindamage.
3.Yourskin iswhere youfeel cold,heat orpainand itgives youyour(触觉).
4.Thediscovery ofthenewevidence(导致)the thiefsbeing caught.
5.lb(确保)that hewas athome,I calledhimupinadvance.
6.Teenagers whoare addictedtothe Internetare morelikely to(患病)depression.
7.Withthe helpofTonis friends,hewas ableto(关心汤姆站起身来).
8.Hewas drivingalong theroadwhen aboyfell offaschool bus,(面朝下).复习导学案
(二)X2Unit5【语法指导】
一、y.ing形式的时态、语态及意义时态语态意义与句子主语之间构成规律上的主谓关系,与谓语动作同时发主动式doing生或根本上同时发生一般式被动式being done与句子主语之间构成规律上的动宾关系,且与谓语动作同时发生主动式与句子主语之间构成规律上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动作发having done生完成式被动式与句子主语之间构成规律上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发havingbeen done生♦Thepark wasfull ofpeople,enjoyingthemselves inthesunshine.公园里处处都是人,他们在阳光下玩得很开心♦Havingfinishedher homework,the littlegirlbegan towatchTV.做完作业后,这个小女孩开头看电视[即时演练1]—单句语法填空Itellmany limes,hestillmade thesamesillymistake.2do quitewellin theexam,hecame backhome,relaxed andsmiling.
二、u.ing形式作状语v.ing形式作状语可以表示时间、缘由、条件、方式或伴随、结果、让步状况等
1.时间状语v.ing形式作时间状语时,相当于一个时间状语从句,所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生,有时可由连词when、whileafter引出♦Hearing thebadnewsthat hisfatherpassedaway,heburst intotears.=VVhen heheardthebadnews thathisfatherpassedaway,heburst intotears.听到他父亲去世的消息时,他突然哭了起来
2.缘由状语v.ing形式作缘由状语时,相当于一个缘由状语从句,可以与as、since、because等引导的缘由状语从句转换♦Being soexcited,he couldntgo to sleep that night.=As hewassoexcited,hecouldnt gotosleepthatnight.由于•特别冲动,那晚他没睡着
3.条件状语v.ing形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句,可以与if、unless等引导的条件状语从句转换♦Workinghard,you willsucceed.=Ifyou workhard,you willsucceed.努力工作,你将会胜利
4.方式或伴随状语V.ing形式作方式或伴随状语时,表示行为方式、伴随状况或补充说明,不行以转换成从句,但可以转换成并列句♦Theteacher stoodthere,readinga newspaper.=The teacherstoodhere,andread anewspaper.老师站在那里,读着报纸
5.结果状语V.ing形式作结果状语时,表示必定的结果,它常常位于句末,可扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简洁句,有时也可以转换成非限制性定语从句♦Thehospital has recently obtained somenew medical equipment,allowingmore patientsto betreated.=The hospitalhasrecentlyobtainedsomenewmedicalequipment,which allowsmore patientsto betreated.这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备,这使更多的病人能够得到治疗
6.让步状语v.ing形式作让步状语时,相当于一个让步状语从句,可以与although、though引导的让步状语从句转换♦Havingfailed many times,hedidnt loseheart.=Though hehadfailedmanytimes,hedidnt loseheart.尽管失败了许屡次,他仍旧没有失去信念
1.y.ing形式作状语时,其规律主语必需和主句的主语全都;假设不全都,必需用主格结构表示,也就是在前面加上它的规律主语♦Spring ing,thefield isfull oflife.春天来了,田野布满生气♦Theteacher beingill,thelecture wasput off.老师病了,讲座被推迟了
2.固定的i,.ing形式作状语高中阶段有一些固定的v.ing形式,如generallyspeaking一般来说、judgingfrom...依据来推断、considering”考虑到……卜supposing…假设……等,它们的规律主语和句子的主语不全都这类词或短语可以被称之为句子的状语,也可当作一个插入语♦Judging fromhisaccent,hemust efromCanada.从他的口音来看,他肯定来自加拿大♦Considering howpoorhewas,wedecided tolet himattend theconcertfor free.考虑到他是那么穷,我们打算让他免费听音乐会[即时演练2]——句型转换IWhen shesawthosepictures,she rememberedher childhood.—».sheremembered herchildhood.2Because Idontknowhis address,Icant send thisbookto him.—.I cantsendthisbookto him.3If youuseyour head,youll haveagood idea.一.youll haveagood idea.
三、v.ing形式作主语】,.ing形式可以在句中作主语,此时也可称为动名词♦Readingaloudis agoodway tolearn alanguage.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法♦Beingblamed forthebreakdownof theputermademequitefrustrated.由于电脑坏掉而受到指责使我特别懊丧v.ing形式在句中作主语时,常用il作形式主语,而把v.ing形式放在句后常用句型Itis+nouse/no good/fun...4-doing sth.o♦Itis nousecryingover spiltmilk.覆水难收♦Its nogoodplayingputer gamestoo much.玩太多的电脑嬉戏没好处[即时演练3]——单句语法填空1work withJaneinthesame officehelped metoget agood understandingof herindependent workingstyle.2Its nouseplainwithouttaking action.3invite totheparty wasagreat honourtothefamily.
四、y.ing形式作表语v.ing形式作表语说明主语的性质特征或详细内容常见的有moving、interesting、encouraging、exciting、inspiringboring、surprising%puzzlings amusing、astonishing等♦Theargument isvery convincing.这个论点很令人信服♦Yourspeechis veryinteresting andencouraging.你的演讲很好玩而且很鼓舞人♦Herjobis keepingthelecturehall asclean aspossible.=Keeping thelecturehall asclean aspossibleis herjob.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持洁净[即时演练4]——单句语法填空lGoing intohospitalcan beveryfrighten forachild.2Henry*s jobisleachphysics ina localmiddleschool.3Your taskisclean theoldcar overthere onyourown.
五、y.ing形式作宾语v.ing形式既可作动词宾语,又可作介词宾语
1.Tng形式作动词宾语♦Ihope youwillconsider travellingtoChinawhenyouarc free.我希望你在有空的时候考虑来中国旅行
2.y.ing形式作介词宾语♦Heinsisted onsettlingtheconflict inapeaceful way.他坚持以和平方式解决冲突♦Iam lookingforward tobeingadmitted toa keyuniversity.我希望着被一所重点高校录用口诀记忆只跟p.ing形式作宾语的动词防止错过少延期avoid、miss、postpone建议完成多练习advise/suggest、finish、practise喜爱想象禁不住enjoy、imagine、cant help成认否认与嫉妒admit、deny envy躲避冒险莫原谅escape、risk、excuse忍受保持不介意stand、keep、mind[即时演练5]——单句语法填空1The keytosolve theproblemis tomeetthedemand madebythecustomers.2He devoteshimselftolookintothe matter.3Shelikes spendingmuchmoneybuy clothesfbrherself.
六、也ing形式作宾语补足语v.ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示一个正在进行的主动动作或一种状态,作宾语补足语的ring形式与其前的宾语存在规律上的主动关系
1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词,即“感官动词组”,常见的有see、hear、feel、smellfindnotice、observe、lookat、listen to等♦Isawthelittleboycrying there.我看到那个小男孩正在那儿哭♦When wereturned,we foundastrangerstanding infront ofthehouse.当我们回来时,我们发觉一个生疏人站在房子前面y.ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区分在see、hear、feel、watch、notice等感官动词后,既可用v.ing形式构成复合宾语,也可用不带lo的不定式构成复合宾语,两者之间有肯定的区分I用忆ing形式时,表示动作正在进行♦Hesaw agirlgetting inthecarat thattime.那时他观察•个女孩正在上车2用不带to的不定式时,表示动作发生了,即动作的全过程结束了♦Hesaw agirlget inthecar.他观察一个女孩上了车
2.表示“叫、让、使”等指使意义的动词,即“使役动词”,常见的有have、sei、keep、gel、leave等♦Its verycold.Weshould havethefireburning allhetime.天很冷我们应当让火始终燃烧着♦Wccant havetheyoungman speakingto hismotherinsuch arudemanner.我们不能让那个年轻人用如此无礼的方式跟他的母亲说话
3.用于“wilh复合结构”中,其结构和表示意义如下wi th+宾语+doi ng表示主动或进行;with+宾语+done表示被动或完成;wiih+宾语+to do表示将来♦With somanypeoplelooking ather,shefelt ncnous.这么多人看着她,她感到紧急[即时演练6]——单句语法填空/句型转换11felt someonepatmeonthe shoulder.2When hepassed theswimming pookhesawsomeoneswiminit.31heard Marysingasongin thenextroomlast night.
七、u.ing形式作定语v.ing形式作后置定语时,它和被修饰词之间有规律上的主动关系,表示被修饰词所进行的动作,相当于一个定语从句
1.前置定语放在所修饰的名词前♦.ing形式作前置定语表示被修饰词的某种用途或者正在进行的动作♦insummerI oftenswim intheswimming pool.表示用途夏天我常常在游泳池游泳♦Sheglanced atthesleepingchild andthen hurriedaway.表示正在进行她瞥了一眼睡着的孩子,随即匆忙离开了
2.后置定语放在所修饰的名词后v.ing形式作后置定语时,相当于一个定语从句,可以与that、which who等引导的定语从句转换♦Theboyplaying foolballontheplayground ismyyounger brother.=The boythat/who isplayingfootball onheplayground ismyyoungerbrother.正在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟♦Thenational park has alarge collection ofwildlife,ranging from butterflies oelephants.=The nationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,which rangesfrombutterfliesto elephants.国家公园有很多的野生动物,从蝴蝶到大象都有♦Themeeting beingheldnow isofgreat significance.=The meetingwhich/thatisbeing heldnowisofgreat significance.正在进行的会议特别重要[即时演练7J——单句语法填空/句型转换1rIhc topicdiscussnowhasdrawn someexpertsattention.2Grandma cameintomy bedroomwithawalkstick inherhand.。
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