中考英语复习之阅读理解解题技巧

中考复习之阅读理解解题技巧2023【命题特点】选择答案型阅读题测试考生的阅读能力阅读能力是通过文字获取信息的能力衡量这种能力的标准是速度.准确度和深度而文字信息分为字面信息和隐含信息字面信息可以直接获取，而隐含信息则需要对字面信息进行分析、归纳、判断、推理等获取，所以阅读题在相当程度上考查的是思维能力，选择答案型阅读题的取材范围很广，体裁上有应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文，题材上有人物类、故事类、科普类、文化类等长沙中考阅读分为图表理解和短语理解图表理解主要注重考查学生的信息提取能力，短文理解注重考查学生对文章的整体理解和推断能力问题类型细节理解，猜词义，主旨大意和推理判断解题技巧一.细节理解题题型分类细节题

1.wh・是非题

2.计算题

3.排序题

4.图表题

5.常见的提问形式）（）1According to the passage,who what,why,where,when,how many/much howlong....5）2Which of the followingisnt mentioned）3Which of the followingis True/Not True解题方法.划（划出关键词）

1.定（在文章中精准定位）

2.比（比较选项）3如何划出关键词特殊词汇.专有名词（人名，地名，机构名等）

1.大写字母，缩写等

2.数字（年代，时间等）

3.带有特殊标点符号的词如连字符

4.与人相关的信息（身份，职业）

5.比较级和最高级7-er,-est,than.序数词核心词8the first.修饰词（）9adj./adv.注意关键词一般2・4个最佳，以防一个词无法定位干扰项常见错误

1.例1长沙真题2020（B篇）The Nameof ThisBook IsSecret（谜）Readers willlove followingMax-Emest andCass asthey solvethe mysteryof amissingmagician!Filled withword games,this is a bookthat wontstay secretfor long.（不解之谜）!“An amazingstory fullof puzzlesIt willcertainly winyour heartand willmakeyou neverwant to stop turningthe pages.”Alex Smith,13（）（）Buy now!$

13.90hardcover,$

8.20e-bookThe LondonEye MysterySalimsuddenly disappears.No oneknows wherehe hasgone.How onearth couldhe have（线索）disappeared Hiscousins,Ted andKate,have tofollow cluesaround London and findhimbefore it is toolate.Can theymake it“Its agreat book!I hadmy nosein itall thetime!This mustbe thecoolest bookin theworld!”Sarah Andrew,12（）（）Buy now!$

12.60hardcover,$

7.10e-book

45.How muchmoney canyou saveifyou buyan e-book ofThe LondonEye Mysteryinstead ofa hardcoverof itA.$

5.50B.$

5.70C.$

7.10例长沙真题（篇）22022CTom Sawyer,however,thought“differently“when hewas givena boringtask.One Saturdaymorning,Aunt Pollytold Tomto（篱笆）paint thefence.Toms friendBen Rogershappened towalk past.Instead ofcomplaining,Tom toldBen that he feltexcitecTabout thetask.Only onein athousand—maybe eventwo thousandboys cando this!”Tom said.

8.What didAunt Pollyask Tomto doin this textA.Visit Ben.B.Clean thefloor.C.Paint thefence.例3长沙真题2020（A篇）Club name:Short StoryWriting ClubClub leader:Claire SmithMeetingtime:Friday4:00p.m.-5:00p.m.Club aim:To improveshort story writing skillsClubactivities（风格）Read short stories indifferent styles；Write shortstories usingdifferent skillsHoldworkshops todiscuss theshortstoriesthat membersread andwrite;Invite famous writers togive talkson shortstorywriting.Materials needed:Paper andpen foreach studentPlanfor flndingnew members:（海报）Make postersand putthem uparound the school;Put anotice in the schoolnewspaper andon theschool website;Put avideo on theschoolwebsiteSigned:Claire Smith）（图表）

41.The chartabove ismost probablyfor anew club.A.a planB.a letterC.an invitation例4长沙真题2019（D篇）Severus Snape/John Nettleship（巫师）Severus Snapeis askillful wizardteaching magicin HarryPotter.The writer,J.K.Rowling,once saidthat thecharacterwas based on ateacher ofhers.The teacherturned outto beJohn Nettleship,who taughtRowling chemistry.At first,Nettleship feltsurprised.I knowI amastrict teacher,“he said.“But Idont thinkI amas badas Snape!”On secondthoughts,however,he saidthathewas soill-tenweredthat mostof hisstudents avoidedmaking himmad.Also,he usedto wearlong hairand havean untidylab.That soundsfamiliar toHarryPotter fans.31Snape andNettleship havesomething incommon EXCEPT.A.their jobsB.their looksC.their hobbies词义猜测题题型分类词义匹配题根据对文章内容的理解，将单词或短语与其中文释义进行配对

1..指代题在理解文章内容的基础上，推断代词或专有名词所指代的具体内容2词义理解题根据对文章的理解，判断某个关键词或短语的意义

3.常见提问形式l.The word_in the passage probablymeans.

2.The underlinedword“it”refers to.

3.What doesthe underlinedwordmean inChinese

4.The underlinedword hasthe samemeaning as.解题方法

5.Which ofthe followingis closestin meaningto theword.根据上下文猜测词义L通过同义词或近义词猜测词义

2.）下定义等词后面的内容是对前面的解释说明，相当于1be,mean,refer to,be called/named,namely,that is,be considered对前面的词下定义）定语从句尤其要注意后的非限制性定语从句2who/which）标点符号破折号（-），冒号（），分号（;）后的内容，引号（）或括号（）中的内容3通过构词法猜测词义

3.）派生法1否定前缀或后缀，与原词构成反义词，如等dis-,un-,im-,-less后缀改变词性但不改变词义，如等-ness,-tion,-ment前缀“表“又，再”；」表示“共同，表示“远的”re-”“co“tele-”）合成词（构成新词）根据各个组成词的意义并结合原文准确猜测词义2）转化法一个单词由一种词性用作另一种词性，而词形不变，包括名词变动词，动词变名词，形容词变副词等.通34过举例猜测词义比如such as,for example,like等词的前后，或者用破折号前后的内容来猜测划线单词的意思例1长沙真题（篇）2020CDickens wroteabout situationsand emotionsthat stillinterest people today.He usedhis pento fightsocial inequalityand gavevoiceto thepoor.His worksled tomany importantsocial changes.Readers alwaysenjoy seeingpoor peoplerise andsucceed.（）

49.What doesthe underlinedword inequalitymean in Paragraph4不平等不现实不稳定A.B.C.例2长沙真题2021（D篇）（损害）However,these enjoyablephotos and videos hidethe damagethat the online tradeis doingto otters.In fact,wild otters（猎杀）are facingmany threats-they havelong beenhunted fortheir coats;in someplaces,fishermen have been killingotters inordertostop them fromeating fish;and now,theonlinepet tradehas becomeanother bigproblem forotters.

12.What doesthe underlinedword“threats“mean inParagraph2机遇威胁选择A.B.C.例长沙真题（篇）32021DThe solarpanel,however,does notmake muchelectricity fromfalling rain.So SunBaoquan isstill workinghard toimproveit.The scientistalso wantsto makesolar panelsmore flexible.which areas softas clothing.

54.What doesthe underlinedwordnflexible meaninParagraph5柔软的光滑的坚硬的A.B.C.主旨大意题题型分类主题型一根据文章或段落内容归纳其中心思想标题型一根据文章或段落内容归纳其标题目的型一根据文章或段落内容推断作者的写作态度或意图常见提问形式归纳大意类

1.What isthe passagemainly about

2.The mainidea ofthe passageis.

3.What canwe learn from the passage选择标题类

4.Whafs the best title for thispassage

5.The besttitleforthe passagemight be.写作目的类

6.The writers/authors purposeis.

7.The purpose ofthearticle isto.解题方法根据文章主体句（一般是首尾段），确定中心词来充当标题

1.注意文章反复出现或强调的信息

2.找出覆盖全文的核心词汇

3.新颖性，语言精炼，能够吸引读者

4.选答案的原则不选对的，只选最好的，好的大于不知道的，不知道的大于不对的删除种错误4概括范围太窄，只含某个细节

1.概括范围太宽，超出文章内容

2.看似正确，但是文中找不到出处

3.主观臆断，并非作者观点

4.例长沙真题（篇）12021D（水獭）（咖Otters arecute wateranimals.These days,keeping ottersas petsis gettingpopular.In Japan,some ottercafes啡馆）“are openfor business.People canpay toplay withthe ottersthere andto takephotos withthem.In Indonesia,people goswimmingwith theirpet ottersand takefunny videos.These photos andvideosposted onlinehave interestedmore peopleto buyottersas pets.So,we shouldstop theotter pettrade andnever sharephotosandvideos aboutthem online.

15.What isthe writers main purposeof writingthe textA.To tellpeople theotters9living habits.B.To teachpeople howto keepa petotter.C Tocall onpeopletostoptheotter pettrade.例2长沙真题2021（C篇）From anearly age,we weretaught thatif wewanted tobe successful,we hadto studyhard andget goodresults atschool.Infact,good studentsmay justend updoing jobsthey dontlike,and someeven leadan unhappylife.Why isit likethat（段落）

26.Whats the writersmainpurposeofwriting ParagraphOneA.To introducea topic.B.To giveexamples.C.To providea solution.例（篇）32019DIt isbelieved thatHuck Finnis basedon（基于）a childhood friend ofMark Twain9s.In fact,Twain wasnot alonein basing（虚构的角色）a fictionalcharacter ona real-life person.Severus Snape/John Nettleship（巫!）巾）Severus Snapeisaskillful wizardteaching magicin HarryPotter.The writer,J.K.Rowling,once saidthat thecharacterwas basedonateacher ofhers.Alice/Alice LiddellFamously,Lewis CarrollsAlice inAlice sAdventures inWonderland isbasedonAlice Liddell.Dill/Truman CapoteInTo Killa Mockingbird,Harper Leebased Dillon herchildhoodfriend,Truman Capote.Capote oncesaid,“Lee wasmy bestfriend.Have youever readTo Killa Mockingbird^Im acharacter inthat story!The storytakes placejust inthe townwhere welived!”

35.The textis mainlyabout.A.purposes ofwriting fictional storiesB.introductions tofamouswriterschildhood friendsC.characters offictionalstoriesfrom real-life persons推理判断题题型分类观点态度类

1.隐含信息类

2..文章出处类3常见的提问形式）1We caninfer fromthe textthat）2We canlearn fromthe passagethat）3This passagemay betaken from）4According tothepassage,what wouldhappen next5）The writersuggests（日音示）that）6what doesthe writerthink of关键词推断态度infer attitude解题方法做这类题目时，要首先在文章中找出据以推断的有关文字，然后加以分析，尤其要领悟隐含在字里行L间的内涵，体会作者的言外之意、弦外之音,推理判断时一定要以原文内容为前提，从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案

2.善用排除法排除干扰选项3例长沙真题（篇）12020DThe fieldof solar energy isdeveloping fast.Scientists aroundthe worldhavebeenimproving solarpanels.Some havebeenworking onways tojoin solarpanels andwind powertogether.Some havebeen tryingto usesunlight toproduce liquidand gas（液体和气体燃料）.fuels（）（推断）

55.We caninfer fromthistextthat.A.there isno roomfor developingsolar energyB.there isno endtotheresearch inthe fieldof solarenergyC.solarenergyhas completelytaken theplace ofother kindsof energy例长沙真题（篇）22018A（闲逛）After wanderingaround inthe cityfor along time,Tom finallyfound himselfstanding infront ofthe palace.He looked（王子）.through itsgolden gate,hoping totake alook ata realprince（淤伤）The twoboys werein eachothers clotheswhen Edwardsuddenly noticeda bruiseon Tomshand.He soonrealizedthat itwas causedby the guard whohad stoppedTom rudely.In amoment,the youngprince ranout ofthe room.He decidedtopunish theguard.However,theguarddidn*t realizethat theprince wasin Tomsold wornclothes.He hitEdward heavilyontheear andthrewhim outofthepalace.（推断）We caninfer fromthepassagethat.例长沙真题（篇）A.blood isthicker thanwater B.two headsare betterthan oneC.never judgepeople bytheir looks32022CThis storyteaches mea valuablelesson:Complaining isuseless.The nexttime youare givena boringor tiringtask,dontcomplain.Unlike whathappens inthe storyof TomSawyer,itisunlikely thatsomeone willcome anddo thework foryou.However,without complaining,youll feelbetter andperhaps evendo abetter job!

10.What doesthewriterlearnfromTom SawyerA.It isno usecomplaining.B.Refusing isthebestchoice.C.Waiting isthe onlyway out.例明德九下期中42022“Its easy,“he said,and laughed.You sawall thosepeople inthe streetI paidthem tohelp us.It wasnta realfight.Whenpeople shoutFire!,a womanruns tothe mostimportant thingin herhouse,her baby,her gold,or...a photo.Irene ranto findher（揭露）photo whichis ina cupboardintheliving room.I sawit.But Idid nottake it.Lets gothere andunmask thetruth tomorrow.”

4.What mayhappen thenext dayA.Holmes andWatson maygo toIrene*s houseand takethe photo.B,Holmes maytake awaythe hiddenphoto himself.C,Irene mayshow thephoto toher newhusband.总结细节题=圈关键词+找坑点猜词题=细读上下文+排除法选标题=主要人物+主要事件主旨题:细读头尾段+排除无关选项作者意图题:实事求是+作者的表达句。