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年考研英语一试题及答案解析2023Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best wordsfor eachnumbered blankand markA,B,C orD on the ANSWER SHEET.10pointsCould ahug aday keepthe doctoraway Theanswer may be aresounding yes!”1helpingyou feel close and2to peopleyou careabout,it turnsout thathugs canbring a3of healthbenefitsto yourbody andmind.Believe itor not,a warmembrace mighteven helpyou4getting sickthis winter.In arecent study5over400healthy adults,researchers fromCarnegie MellonUniversityin Pennsylvaniaexamined theeffects ofperceived social support and the receiptof hugs6the participants1susceptibility todeveloping thecommon coldafter being7to thevirus.People whoperceived greater socialsupportwere lesslikely tocome8with a cold,and theresearchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about32percent ofthatbeneficial effect.11among those who gotacold,the oneswho feltgreater socialsupport andreceivedmore frequenthugs hadless severe
12.Hugging protectspeople who are understress from the13risk forcolds that*susually14with stress,notes SheldonCohen,a professorof psychologyat Carnegie,Huggingis a marker of intimacy and help15the feelingthat othersare thereto help16difficulty/1Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefitsof huggingto therelease ofoxytocin,often called the bonding hormonen18it promotesattachment inrelationships,including thatbetween mothersand theirnewborn babies.Oxytocin ismade primarilyinthe centrallower partof thebrain,and someof it is releasedinto thebloodstream.But someof it19in thebrain,where it
1.A.Besides B.Unlike C・Throughout D.Despite
2.A.equal B・restricted C.connected D.inferior
3.A.view B.host C.lesson D.choice
4.A.avoid B・forget C.recallD.keep20mood,behavior andphysiology.
5.A.collecting B.affecting C.guiding D.involving
6.A.on B.in C.at D.of
7.A.devoted B.attracted C.lost D.exposed downD.out
8.A.along B.across C.C.doubted D.calculated
9.A.imagined B.denied explained D.required
10.A.served B.restored C.1l.A.Thus B.Still C.Rather D.Even
12.A.defeats B.symptoms C.errorsD.tests
13.A.highlighted B.increased C.controlled D.minimized schoolchildrenand studentsdo notappear to】be gaininggreater encouiagementto achievefluency inothe languages.If leftto themselves,such trendswill diminishthe relativestrength of the English language ininternationaleducation marketsas thedemand foreducational resourcesin languages,such asSpanish,Arabic orMandarin growsand internationalbusiness processoutsourcing in other languagesuch as Japanese,French andGerman,spreads.49The changesidentified by David Graddolall presentclear andmajor challengesto UKsproviders of Englishlanguage teachingto peopleof other countries and to broader education businesssectors.The Englishlanguage teachingsector directlyearns nearly
1.3billion for the UKin invisibleexportsand ourother educationrelated exploresearn up to10billion a year more.As theinternationaleducation marketexpands,the recentslowdown in the number of internationalstudents studyingin themainEnglish-speaking countriesis likelyto continue,especially ifthere areno effectivestrategicpolicies toprevent suchslippage.The anticipationof possibleshifts indemand providedby thisstudy issignificant:50It givesa】basis to all organizationwhich seek to promote the learning and vey different operating enviionment.That is a necessaryand practicalapproach.In thisas inmuch else,those whowish toinfluence thefuturemust prepaiefor it.Section IVWriting51directionsYou areto write an emailto James Cook,a newly-arrived Australiaprofessor,recommending sometourist attractionin yourcity.Please give reasons for yourrecommendation.You shouldwrite neatlyon theanswer sheet.Do notsign yourown nameat the end of the email.Use“Li Ming^instead.Do notwrite theaddress10points以
52.DirectionsWrite anessay of160-200words based on the following pictures.In yessay,youshould1describe thepictures briefly;2interpret themeaning,and3give yourcomments.You shouldwrite neatlyon the ANSWER SHEET.20points答案解析1A.Besides B.Unlike C.Throughout D.Despite【答案】A【解析】依据本句句内逻辑关系，说明拥抱还有其他结果因此，前文“it turnsout thathugs…”的逻辑关系应当为“除此以外”，结合选项，（除此之外）最为合适A.Besides2A・equal B.restricted C.connected D.inferior【答案】C【解析】本题实为逻辑关系题依据句子前后结构helping youfeelcloseand
（2）”，我们可以推断，由于空格处与前面内容通过连接，说明我们要选择一个单词与同义，并且and feelclose要与后面介词连用因此，通过对于四个选项含义推断，选项有“关联的”含义最为符合t C3A.view B.hostC.lessonD.choice【答案】B【解析】此题为固定搭配表示大量的其他选项搭配不合理“a hostof”4A.avoidB.forgetC.recallD.keep【答案】A【解析】依据题干信息（）中，出“a warmembrace mighteven helpyou4getting sickthis winter.”现“even”，表示“甚至，说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系上一句话的语义表示“拥抱可以带来大量的好处因此，这句话也应当表示拥抱的好处依据四个选项含义，（避A.avoid开）（遗忘）（回忆）（保持），选项“避开生病”最符合文意B.forget C.recall D.keep A【答案】5A.collectingB.affectingC.guidingD.involving D【解析】本题考查现在分词做后置定语，须要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的“study，因此,结合四个选项（收集）（影响）（引导）（涉及、A.collecting B.affecting C.guiding D.involving卷入），依据句子含义，应当表达“关于涉及人”的探讨因此正确选项应为400D6A.onB.inC.atD.of【答案】A【解析】本题为固定搭配依据句义examined theeffects ofperceived socialsupport and the receipt（）考查固定搭配因此，本题正确选项of hugs6the participants,...“examined theeffects...on sth”为A7A.devotedB.attractedC.lostD.exposed【答案】D【解析】依据句义（）通常感冒是在细菌之后^common coldafter being7to thevirus.发生的”结合选项含义（致力于）（吸引）（丢失）A.devoted B.attracted C.lost D.exposed（暴露于），选项“暴露在细菌中符合文意D8A.alongB.acrossC.downD.out【答案】C【解析】本题为固定搭配（和…相处的好）（偿付）A.come alongwith B.come acrosswith C.（得病，感染）（出版，提出），结合语境，依据后面与（感come downwith D.come outwith cold冒）搭配，选项“得感冒”搭配最为合理C9A.imaginedB.deniedC.doubtedD.calculated【答案】D【解析】本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题依据原文uthe researchers
（9）that thestress-reducing（）动作的主语是“探讨人员”，effectsof hugging10about32percent ofthat beneficialeffect.连接后面的宾语从句“拥抱减小压力的作用”，并且有数据支撑从选项含义（想A.imagined像）（否认）（怀疑）（计算，推想）来看，宾语从句部分应B.denied C.doubted D.calculated为探讨人员计算推想出的结果因此，选项符合要求D10A.servedB.restoredC.explainedD.required【答案】C【解析】本题为动词含义考查依据文章内容，“thestress-reducing effectsofhugging
（10）about32percent ofthat beneficialeffect.v本题同样考查探讨人员做出的探讨结果，因此，结合选项含义（服务）（存储）（说明）A.served B.restored C.explainedD.required（要求），选项“说明”符合语境要求C11A.ThusB.StillC.RatherD.Even【答案】D【解析】本题为逻辑关系题（因此，表示因果关系）（照旧，表示强调关系）A.Thus B.Still（相反，表示对比关系）（甚至，表示递进关系）依据文章上下文逻辑，下C.Rather D.Even文是对上文做进一步说明，因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系为正确选项D12A.defeatsB.symptomsC.errorsD.tests【答案】B【解析】形容词与名词搭配问题依据语境“the oneswho feltgreatersocialsupport andreceived（）所选词要与构成合理搭配，再结合前文语境是more frequenthugs hadless severe12”severe关于对于拥抱试验的结果因此，（症状）符合语境要求正确选项为B.symptomsBo13A.Highlighted B.Increased C.Controlled D.minimized【答案】B【解析】本题为形容词修饰依据原文Hugging protectspeople who are understress fromthe（）（）须要选择一个形容词来修饰在选项中，13risk forcolds thafsusually14with stress/,risko（突出的）（增加的）（被限制的）（最小A.highlighted B.increased C.controlled D.minimized的），对比选项含义，“增加的风险”更符合原文语境B14A.presentedB.equippedC.associatedD.compared【答案】C【解析】此题为固定搭配题和选项不行以和连接可以和连接，A Bwith C.associated with意为“与有关联”和连接表示“和相比”不符合文章要求因D.compared with此，本题正确选项为C.15A.assessB.generateC.moderateD.record【答案】B【解析】此题考查动宾搭配依据原文（）Hugging isamarkerofintimacyandhelp15the feeling..须要选择一个动词能够和后文的搭配分析选项含义“the feeling”A.assess（评估）（产生）（缓和）（记录），四个选项中，B.generate C.moderate D.record B“generate产生感觉搭配最为合理因此正选为the feelingB16A.in thename ofB.in theform ofC.in theface ofD.in theway of【答案】C【解析】此题为短语搭配题分析选项含义（以…为名）（以…A.in thename ofB.in theform of的形式）（面对…）（以…的方式），结合文章语境,应为“面C.in theface ofD.in theway of对困难”搭配最为合理因此，正确选项为C17A.attributeB.commitC.transferD.return【答案】A【解析】此题为固定搭配题即.因此正确选项为attribute sthto sthA18A.unlessB.becauseC.thoughD.until【答案】B【解析】此题为逻辑关系题选项含义（除非）（因为）（虽然）A.unless B.because C.though（直到才）结合原文语境，（）D.until oftencalledthebondinghormone”18it promotes（经常被称之为“形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙”.…它促进了关系的依靠）attachment inrelationships,“从本句来看，前后文属于因果逻辑关系因此正确选项为B19A.remainsB.emergesC.vanishesD.decreases【答案】A【解析】本题为动词辨析选项含义为（照旧）（出现）（消A.remains B.emerges C.vanishes逝）（削减）结合语境信息（）和选项跟文章含D.decreases“But someofit19in thebrain,C D义相反而选项只表示一种动作选项表示它照旧在大脑里存在，最符合文章要求，因此B A正确选项为A（）where it20mood,behavior andphysiology.20A.experiencesB.combinesC.justifiesD.influences【答案】D【解析】本题为动词辨析选项含义为（阅历）（结合）（替A.experiences B.combines C.justifies某人辩护，证明合理）（影响）依据原文语境，（）D.influences whereit20mood,behavior and.”能够搭配后面并列的三个宾语“心情、行为、和生理”,只有“影响”因此正physiology D确选项为D答案21-25ACDDC答案
21.[A]explain American^tolerance ofcurrent securitychecks.解析本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据依据题干关键词定位the crashof EgyptAir Flight804到其次段其次句例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此该题目的答案是其次段的第一句话二段首句说的是美国人情愿忍受长时间的平安检查正确答案的是原文的原词复现，A Americanstolerance Americans are willing to toleratecurrent security是原文的的同义转化干扰项的checks time-consuming securityB urgency to strengthen security原文未提及属于扩大范围；选项的属于详细信worldwide,worldwide,C major U.S.major airports息的干扰；选项的隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰D privacy答案
22.[C]An increase in the number of travelers.解析本题目为缘由微小环节题依据题干中的定位到原文第三段的long waitsat majorairports其次句，原文的与题干中的是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的平resulted incontributed to安措施以及航空旅游的增加正确答案的是原文C anincreasein the number oftravelersa risein的同义替换干扰项的是在第四段的最终一句出现的，非定位句内airline travelA carry-on bags容；选项的也出现在第四段；选项的未提及B TSAefficiency Dunexpected secret checks答案
23.[D]faster.解析本题目为词义句意题，考察上下文逻辑关系依据题干，定位到第5段第3句，aPassengerswho pass a background check are eligible to use expeditedscreeninglanes，结合下一句中的这样会即可以节约时间的安检，与选项对应就是答案更快saving timefor everyoneinvolved,D faster干扰项更安静，选项更便宜，选项更广泛，都无关，属于常识性干扰A B C答案
24.[D]an unreasonable price forenrollment.解析本题目为详细微小环节题依据题干关键词定位到倒problem with the PreCheck program数其次段的其次句话飞.本句中的代词代词指代this pricetag has been thePrcChcck fatalflaw this本段第一句话，说的是必需每五年美元来做正确答案中Passengers pay85background checksoD的是原文的美元,就是原文的干扰项unreasonableprice85enrollment processbackground checkso其规模的极具下滑未提及，选项其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项政府不情愿支持是对A CC原文的曲解答案
25.[C]Getting Stuckin SecurityLines解析本题目为全文主旨题全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围第一段介绍事实背景，其次段首句提及了美国人对于平安检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题正确答案安检流程线陷入逆境是对原文的总结概括干扰项的是原文的详细微C AScreening小环节，选项和选项的是原文最终三段的内容B DPreCheck答案26-30BABCD答案
26.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancientHawaiian society.解析本题目为详细微小环节题依据题干中的关键词的定位到第一Queen Liliuokalaniremark段的第一句，所的内容是在第一段的其次句话，意思是观星者是在社会中最indicate Hawaiian受敬重的成员正确选项的是原文B the importance of astronomy starwatchers were among the most的总结概括，是原文的原词出现干扰项的esteemed membersin ancientHawaiian societyA属于原文信息的曲解，选项的未提及，过度推理，选项不historical roleC regrettabledecline D是是她评论的观星者in her time,ancient答案
27.[A]its geographicalfeatures.解析本题目为详细微小环节题依据题干中的大写字母以及关键词Mauna Kea,ideal定位到其次段后面的内容后面说是世界上最有力气的望astronomical siteBut But Mauna Kea远镜本题目问的是缘由，定位到本段最终一句，这里提到的顶峰高于大部分home Mauna Kea的浓密大气层选项中的就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换干扰项A geographicalfeatures的受爱惜的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰；选项的宗教示意依据本段首句进行BCworship干扰，不在定位句里；选项现有的基础设施未提及D答案
28.[B]it remindsthem ofa humiliating history.解析本题目属于缘由微小环节题依据题干关键词以及the construction of the TMT opposed by定位到第四段其次句，这里提到some localsa painful reminder of the occupationof whatwas oncea对曾经主权国家遭占据的苦痛提示选项中的是原文的原词复现，sovereign nation,B reminda令人耻辱的历史是对的同humiliatinghistorythe occupationof whatwas oncea sovereignnation义转化及总结概括答案
29.[C]may uncoverthe origin of Hawaiian culture.解析:本题目属于微小环节推断题依据题干定位到第段,关键词飞5progress intoday astronomy再第五段中没有此种状况下，考虑段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及转这句先看首句无答案，看本段尾句提到，或许那就是我们探究星际空间的缘由，好像会回答有关我们自己及我们真正祖先的最原始回答选项首先是对原文的解读，同义替换C mayas ifuncover answer,the是原文的同义转化干扰项的originof Hawaiian cultureourselves andour trueancestral homesA本段中没有，干扰项的本段有提及，但未指出干扰dreams BHawaiian cultureacross the world,项的属于过度推断D softenhostility答案
30.[D]full approval解析第一段其次句.意思是，可悲的是，夏Sadly,all is not wellwith astronomy in Hawaii today威夷现在的天文学不太妙所以，对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的境况，作者用了一个sadly来形容，明明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇而夏威夷现在不太妙的境况详细指什么？在下一句清楚地说明白Protests haveerupted overconstruction of the ThirtyMeter TelescopeTMT,a giant意思是我们要搞个巨牛的望observatory thatpromises torevolutionize humanity*view of the cosmos远镜，你们尽然不同意！所以两句结合一块，作者的看法就明白了，他是支持建望远镜的在最终一段的最终一句里也有作者看法的线索There is no reasonwhy everyonecannot bewelcomed.意思是说有人跑到你们那儿on Mauna Kea toembrace theircultural heritageand tostudy thestars去，接受你们的文化遗产，去看星星看月亮，你们为毛不欢迎？咳咳，正经点儿说，就是用了no和双重否定既强调又强调，还带点儿不行置信地赶脚说夏威夷人应当欢迎每一个reason cannot到他们那儿去探讨天文，并且欣赏他们的文化遗产的每一个人详细到cultural heritageeveryoneo这篇文章，他们的文化遗产在第五段和第一段都有说，就是天文探讨，而每一个人当然应当包括这些想建天文望远镜的人所以作者的看法旗帜显明，就是全力支持所以正确答案是D答案31-35DCDCA.答案31[D]had alow opinionof GDP.解析题目间的是被引用是因为什么依据题目中的人名定位到第一段第一句话Robert Robert F.Kennedy oncesaid thata countrys GDP measures everything except that which makes lifeworthwhile.”这句话是说这个人认为一个国家的可以衡量全部东西，除了让生活有意义的事这个观点GDP摆明白对持不欣赏的看法选项不高的评价，明显是对原文的概括Robert GDPD alow opinion性描述，因此选D答案
32.[C]GDP as the measureof successis widelydefied in the UK.解析题目明确说了从其次段中找答案选项中的在原文中没有干脆的表达，A economicpattern但在二段末句•••people vote for Brexit,despite thewarnings aboutwhat itcould doto theircountrys中，原文有提到人们投票脱欧，尽管有许多人警告他们这样做可能会对国家economic prospects经济前景有影响这说明英国人不怕变更现有经济状况，因此与中的不情愿不相符A reluctant选项中英国对世界经济的贡献问题，在其次段中完全没提，只有B the UKs GDP has been the envy英国让西方世界嫉妒的表述选项说用来衡量华蜜的作用以of the Western worldGDP CGDP及被英国人普遍否定了原文中其次段其次句说认为是有问题的，第it isa flawedconcept,GDP三句紧接着说表面其实忽视了许It measuresthings that do notmatter andmisses things that doGDP多关键的东西，并不能衡量华蜜第四句、第五句拿来举例，说英国很好，但是人们UK GDP却要脱欧来变更现状，示意人们的生活并不好整段说明白英国人并不认为他们的高给她GDP们带来了好的生活，与选项正好形成正话反说，为正确选项选项在其次段C Dpolicymakers第一句出现，并不存在所谓英国的更没有谈过其是否关注policymakers,GDP答案
33.[D]Its resultsare enlightening.解析这题依据题干中的定位到第三段第一句recent annual study Arecent annual这句话中的短语就是照亮，阐释的意study...and...sheds some light onthat questionshed lightono思，跟选项中的启发是同义转换，因此为正确答案D enlighten答案
34.[C]it isessential toconsider factors beyond GDP.解析从题目可知答案来自于最终两段第六段第一句，说明as ameasure,it is no longerenough不靠谱，其次句GDP It does not include importantfactors•••that contributeto apersons senseof说明没有包含全部个人华蜜的要素最终一段最终一句well-being GDPBut policymakerswhorefocus effortson improvingwell-being ratherthan simplyworrying aboutGDP figurescould avoidthe.也明确说了制定政策的人要关注提高福利，而不是简forecasted doomand mayeven seeprogress洁关注数字这些句子都与选项GDP Cfactorsbeyond GDP相符答案
35.[A]High GDPBut InadequateWell-being,a UK lesson解析第一段第一句就引用名人名言，说是不靠谱的，其次句就拿英国脱欧举例，说GDP it is now表明英国脱欧证明他说得有道理，咱们要好好a timely moment to assess what he was referring to,听听其次段接着说英国高，但是人们要搞事——脱欧，说明人们日子不好过第三段，GDP第四段起先分析为啥英国人不乖乖听话过日子，原来是福利在后退but inkey indicatorsin areas第五段干脆说富有国家要such ashealth and education,major economieshave continuedto declineo引以为戒所以整篇文章的主题就是不靠谱，This isa lessonthat richcountries canlearno GDP福利不给力不行，英国脱欧是例证选项正好包括了这三个要素,A High GDP,Inadequate和因止匕选Well-being a UKlessonA答案36-40CBABD答案
36.[C]was contemptuousof McDonnelfsconduct.解析依据题干中的关键词可以快速的回到原文精确定位到第The underlinedsentence para.1,一段的划线句子，But itdid sowhile holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which includedaccepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seekingaccess to联系文章第一句话，虽然最高法院没有判定受贿罪，但是government.Robert McDonnellholdingits即，在道德上却对他的行为嗤之以鼻由此可以锁定选项中的noseat theethics of his conduct,C法院其实特殊轻视的行为文章的选项中出现was contemptuousof Robert McDonnell Dethics,原文中相同的词，可能会混淆考生的思维，但是，此句话说的是拒绝从道德的标准评论Robert的行为McDonnell答案
37.[B]sizable gainsin theform ofgifts.解析依据题干中给出的信息，可知这一题是对文章第四段理解，由第四段推理出正确答案从第四段But underanti-bribery laws,proof mustbe madeof concretebenefits,such as approval ofacontract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making aphone call,or hosting an eventis notan可以知道，对腐败的定义是，只有受贿者赐予了行贿者实际的好处，例如“official act.”a contract假如供应的不是详细的好处，仅仅只是orregulation,arranginga meeting,making aphone call,or那么这种行为就不是受贿由此可以得出答案为hostingan event,A.答案
38.[A]allowed to focus on the concernsof theirsupporters.解析依据题干中的关键词可以锁定文章的第五段，The courtsruling isdon the assumption“Thebasic compact underlying representative government,wrote ChiefJustice JohnRoberts for the court,『可以知道，assumes that public officialswill hearfrom their constituents and act ontheir concerns法院的裁定是建立听取其选民的看法，依据他们的利益行事所以原文中的对应constituents A选项的支持者所以答案选择supporters,A答案
39.[B]guarantee fair play inofficial access.解析依据题干中的关键词可以锁定文章的第六Wcll-cnforccd lawsin governmenttransparency段This typeof integrityrequires will-enforced lawsin governmenttransparency,such asrecords of但是official meetings,rules onlobbying,and information about eachelected leaderssource of wealth.从这句话中找不到所需的信息，从可以知道这句话与前面的句子联系紧密，因而可this typeof以追溯到这一段的第一句话，But theruling reinforcesthe needfor citizensand theirelected执法力度须要加强市民及representatives,not the courts,to ensureequality of access to government.其当选代表，而不是法院获得接近政府的同等的机会与选项的相对应，因equality Bfairplay此选B.答案【】
40.D supportive.解析本题考察的是看法题，从文中最终一句话The courtsruling isa stepforward in the struggle.可以看出作者认为法院的裁定是进步的against bothcorruption andofficial favoritisma stepforward,,因此可以看出作者对此的看法是supportive,sarcastic:尖酸的，挖苦的；tolerant宽容的，容忍的；skeptical怀疑的.【答案】41F【解析】排序题关键是收尾相接，要紧紧牢记大纲的考点“一样性和连接性”也就是要想选出下一题首先要确定上段的尾句在说什么，做到上一段的尾句和要选择的段落首句连接题41取决于给出的首段选线选项起到统领全文的作用，主要对狄更斯进以及他的作品进行了D D总体的评价和概括狄更斯对于大多数人来说是英国知名的、宏大的小说家，他是一名道德家、讽刺家以及社会先驱者，他的小说情节曲折、人物性格显明，捕获到了英国社会的全景那么对于这类人物自传式的文章，后面会先削减其生平纵观各选项，不难发觉选项首句出现F各位考生要把握诞生这个关Dickens was born inPortsmouth,on Englandssouthern coast,wasborn键词因此，题选择选项41F.【答案】42E【解析】要想做出题，关键是理解题选项，尤其是选项的后面一部分我们细致研4241F F读选项的后半段始终在介绍狄更斯童年阅历中他父亲所起到的作用，介绍他的父亲由于债务F被关进了监狱，这给狄更斯带了惭愧感以及后面他在黑工厂做工的阅历对他性格的行程都起到了很大的作用于是我们阅读各选项首句，发觉选项开头E Soon after his fathers release from prison,出现了很关键的线索词，即他的父亲被释放后，因此可以接在题选项的后面所以，E4F42题选择选项E.【答案】43A【解析】题取决于题选型的尾句，选项的前半句说狄更斯找到了一份文职的工作,最4342E E终一句是At thesame time,Dickens,who had a reporterseye fortranscribing thelife aroundhim,或许意思说他起先especially anythingcomic orodd,submitted shortsketches toobscure magazines,用语言记录四周的人和生活，尤其是幽默的和惊异的，形成了一些杂志中基本的素材magazine梗概阅读各选项的首句，很简洁发觉选项的首句sketches,A The first published sketch,A DinneratPolar Walk brought tears to Dickenss eyes whenhe discoveredit in the pagesof TheMonthly Magazine考生会发觉复现词和因此，题选择选项From thenon hissketches,magazine sketcheso42A.【答案】44C【解析】题取决于题选项的尾句，选项的尾句说道狄更斯用“这个笔名起先发4443A ABoz”表文章，并且小出名气，阅读各选项首句，会发觉选项的首句出现了C Soon after Sketches by Boz这里我们会发觉他的笔名，原词复现，因此，题选择选项appeared,44C.【答案】45G【解析】题还剩最终一个选项我们要验证一下选项是否适合放在最终一段，用什么来45G,G验证呢？利用给定的上一段选项取决于选项的尾句，看其是否能与选项的首句连接B BG选项的尾句在讲狄更斯说的成功，以及他的小说中的人物匹克威多带来的影响和效应而不B难发觉选项的首句复现了而且还有一个时间线索词因此，题选择选项G Pickwick,after45Go46But evenas thenumber of English speakersexpands furtherthere aresigns that the globalpredominanceof thelanguage may fade within the foreseeablefuture.参考译文但是，尽管运用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却照旧有迹象表明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的将来或许会慢慢衰退句子解析本句很简洁，主句是there be结构，主句前是让步状语，signs后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs进行进一步的补充说明同位语从句中是主谓结构，theglobal predominanceof thelanguage是主语，mayfade是谓语，within结构是时间状语expands的词义不应当选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应当结合前面和它搭配的number,而选择“增加”的意思47His analysisshould thereforeend any self-contentedness among those whomaybelieve that the global position of English isso stablethatthe young generationof theUnited Kingdom do not needadditional languagecapabilities.参考译文因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满看法，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位特殊稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不须要学习其他的语言句子解析此句为复合句，who之前是主句，结构是主谓宾，His analysis是主语，he指代的是前面的大卫，end是核心谓语动词，anyself-contentedness是宾语，amongthose是状语，who引导定语从句修饰those,定语从句中who做主语，believe是谓语,that引导宾语从句做believe的宾语，宾语从句中globalposition of English是主语，后面是系表结构，that引导结果状语从句，结果状从中是主谓宾结构词汇部分，self-contentedness可能是难点，意思是“自满，自大”，因为contend是满意的意思，additional在考研英语翻译中常用的译法是“新的，另外的”，此处翻译可接受词性转换还有who引导的定语从句的处理方法，可以重复先行词“那些人”，接受后置法48many countriesare introducingEnglish into the primary-school curriculumbut Britishschoolchildrenand studentsdo notappear tobe gaininggreater encouragementto achievefluencyin otherlanguages.参考译文许多国家正在把英语列入小学课程范围，但是英国的中小学生好像并没有受到更多的激励去流畅地驾驭其他语言句子解析此句是but连接的并列复合句，前半句是主谓宾加状语的结构，很简洁，后半句也是主谓宾结构，British schoolchildrenand students是主语,do notappear tobegaining是复合谓语，greater encouragement是宾语，to achievefluency
14.A.presented B.equipped C.associatedD.compared
16.A.in thename ofB・in theform ofC・in theface ofD.in theway of
17.A.attribute B-commit C・transfer D.return
18.A.unless B・because C・though D.until
19.A.remains B・emerges C.vanishes D.decreases
20.A.experiences B,combines C.justifies D.influences
15.A.assess B.generate C.moderate D.recordSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following fourtexts.Answer thequestions beloweach textby choosingA,B,C orD.Mark youranswers ontheANSWERSHEET.40pointsText1First twohours,now threehours-this ishow farin advanceauthorities arerecommendingpeople showuptocatch adomestic flight,at leastat somemajorU.S.airports withincreasinglymassive securitylines.Americansarewillingtotolerate time-consuming securityprotocols inreturn for increasedsafety.The crashof EgyptAirFlight804,which terroristsmay havedowned overtheMediterranean Sea,provides anothertragic reminderof why.But demandingtoo muchof airtravelersor providingtoo littlesecurity inreturn underminespublic supportfor theprocess.Andit should:Wasted timeisadrag onAmericans*economic andprivate lives,not tomentioninfuriating.Last year,the TransportationSecurity AdministrationTSAfound ina secretcheck thatundercoverinvestigators wereable tosneak weapons-both fakeand real-past airportsecuritynearly everytime theytried.Enhanced securitymeasures since then,combined with a riseinairline traveldue to the improvingeconomy andlow oilprices,have resultedin long waits atmajorairports such as Chicago*s OHareInternational.It is not yetclear howmuch moreeffectiveairline securityhas become-but the lines areobvious.Part of the issueis thatthe governmentdid notanticipate thesteep increasein airlinetravel,sothe TSAis nowrushing toget newscreeners ontheline.Part of the issueis thataiiports haveonlyso muchroom forscreening lanes.Another factormaybethat morepeople aretrying tooverpacktheir carry-on bagsto avoidchecked-baggage fees,though theairlines stronglydisputethis.There is one stepthe TSAcould takethat wouldnot requireremodeling airportsor rushingtohire:Enroll morepeople inthe PreCheckprogram.PreCheck issupposed tobe awin-win fortravelersandthe TSA.Passengers whopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreening lanes.This allowsthe TSAto focus on travelerswho arehigher risk,saving timeforeveryone involved.TSA wantsto enroll25million peoplein PreCheck.inotherlanguages是不定式短语做encouragement的后置定语Curriculum是课程的意思，fluency是流利，流畅的意思49The changesidentified byDavid Graddolall presentclear andmajor challengestoUKs providersof Englishlanguage teachingto peopleof othercountries and to broadereducationbusiness sectors.参考译文大卫.格兰多指出的这些变更给英国的英语教学工作者提出了明确的和巨大的挑战，这些英语教学工作是面对其他国家的人和更为广泛的商业教化机构的句子解析此句是简洁句，修饰成分较多，稍有些困难，The changes是主语，identifiedby David Graddol是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰changes,identified可以理解为“发觉，指出，present是谓语动词，是“体现，表现”的意思，clear andmajor challenges是宾语，to UKsprovidersof Englishlanguageteaching是介词短语做后置定语修饰challenges,providers本意是供应商，此处可以理解为“英语教学工作者”，to peopleofother countriesand tobroadereducationbusiness sectors.是后置定语修饰Englishlanguage teachingo
50.It givesa basisto allorganizations whichseek topromotethe learningand use ofEnglish,a basisfor planningto meetthe possibilitiesof whatcould bea verydifferentoperating environment.参考译文这一探讨为全部试图促进英语学习和运用的机构供应了一个依据，这一依据是为了满意可能会出现不同操作状况/运行环境的可能性的句子解析主句是主谓宾加状语结构，it是代词指代，指代前文的study,basis应当理解为“依据，which引导定语从句修饰organizations,翻译时可以接受前置法，定语从句中which做主语，seektopromote是谓语动词，thelearninganduse ofEnglish是宾语，a basis是前面主句宾语basis的同位语，for planningto meetthe possibilities介词短语做后置定语修饰basis,of whatcould bea verydifferentoperatingenvironment介词短语做后置定语修饰possibilitieso参考范文
51.Dear Prof.James Cook,Welcome to China.I knowyou lovetraveling,so Imwriting thisletter torecommendto youone ofmy favoritescenic spots-Harbin,which isan oldnorthern cityof China.I think you must like it for the reasons as follows.To beginwith,there arean amountofbeautiful scenic spots,such as the Iceand SnowKingdom inwinter,the SunIsland,theCentral Streetand soon.In addition,you couldtaste agreat numberof snackson theaverage street.Last but not least,the peopleof Harbinare overwhelminglyhospitable andenthusiastic,which isfamous allover China.Owing to the reasonsdiscussed above,I wonthesitate torecommend this scenic spotto you.I amsure you will enjoyit.Best wishesfor you!Yours sincerely,Li Ming真题解析今年英语一的小作文不出预料，再一次考查到了举荐信在英语一的考试当中，举荐信已经考查过两年了例如我们英语一在年就考查过向你的挚友举荐一部电影详细题目要2023求是Write aletter to a friendof yourstol recommendone ofyour favoritemovies；and2givereasonsfor yourrecommendation.2023年考察的是you aregoing tohold aclubreading session.Write anemail ofabout100words recommendinga bookto theclub members.而今年的彳乍文题目要求给新来的澳大利亚国You shouldstate reasonsfor yourrecommendation,籍教授介绍你城市的因此，考生不用惊惶只要把年或James Cooktourist attraction□20232023年的小作文，主要是举荐缘由部分，稍作修改即可成文这就启发我们届的同学们要高2023度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查那么今年的作文详细该如何来写呢？今年考题的要求向新来的教授举Direction James Cook荐旅游景点依据题目的要求，我们可以推断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达称呼留意称呼中，后面的句点不能丢，称呼最终的逗号号不Dear Prof.JamesCook,Prof行丢，也不能写成冒号当然假如称呼不写写成也是可以的Prof.Mr.JamesCook正文第一段写作内容需涵盖两点1欢迎Cook教授来中国；2写信目的，表明举荐用至」了这样的表达I WelcometoChina.I knowyou lovetraveling,so Fmwriting thisletter torecommendtoyouone ofmy favoritescenicspot-Harbin,which isan oldnorthern cityof China.其次段写作内容为举荐缘由可以从三个角度来考虑美景、美食和热忱的人们用至了这样的表达U Ithinkyoumustlikeitforthe reasonsasfollows.To beginwith,there areanamount ofbeautiful scenicspots,such as the Iceand SnowKingdom inwinter,the Sunisland,theCentral Streetand soon.In addition,you couldtaste agreat numberof snacksontheaveragestreet.Lastbut notleast,the peopleof Harbinare overwhelminglyhospitable andenthusiastic,which isfamous alloverChina.第三段再次强调写信目的Owing tothereasonsdiscussed above,I wonthesitate torecommend最终，表达祝福thisscenicspot toyou.I amsure you will enjoyit.Best wishesforyou!落款特殊提示后面逗号不能丢.Yours sincerely,sincerely签名特殊留意后面确定不能出现句点落款和前面左、右对齐都可Li MingMing参考范文
52.As issymbolically mirroredinthecaricatures,there emergetwo circumstances,carrying sharpcontrast implications.In thefirst cartoon,a fashionableboy,lying inhis slingchair comfortably,islooking at his whole shelf of books andsaying,“I possessa multitude of books”.On thecontrary,thesecond portrayal demonstrates an industrious studentwho issitting infront of the deskand makesarealistic plan that he would like to finish reading20books intotal within ayear.The authorof thecartoon invitesus tofocus ona truth that endless plans paralyze actions.There aresimply no great success and achievements inthe worldthat arenot achievedthrough hardwork anddiligence.Similarly,a dreamcan berealized when you decide to work for it and persist continuously.Everyone desiresto succeed,butnotall his dreams can come true until he works hard to implement hisplans.People giveup their dreams forthis or that reason.Those whosedreams becometrue haveat leastone thing in common,that is,they alwayshold fast to theirdreams and always keep their feet on theground.Just aroundus,for instance,the athleteswho gain the gold medals,the artistswhoareprevalentwith the public,and eventhe studentswho enter the university after years of hard study and preparation,are alldream-holders.Accordingly,to succeed,we needto spareno effortsand hold fast to your dreams just as our nationsticksto ourChinese Dream.The pathto dreamsmay not be smooth and wide,and evensome sacrificesare needed,but holdon tothe end,youwillfind thereisno greater happiness than making your dreamcometrue.真题解析今年的英语一大作文题可以说完全在我们的预料之中，甚至比我们想象的要简洁的多，据广袤考生反映审题基本不存在问题虽然考研图画作文，从来不给一个主题，但是对于考生来说，正确审出主题还是相对比较简洁实现的值得关注的是，今年考题反映的是我们常说的那句话志向很丰满，现实很骨感如何跨越志向和现实的鸿沟，这是一个许久以来始终探讨的话题这里完全可以结合考研真题中的个人品质类话题，谈一谈实现志向所须要的精神那么此话题中许多表达方式，写作方式都与过去的真题如年的自信念缺乏、年的悲观与乐观等真题作文如出一辙所以真题是最20232023宝贵的复习资源！年跨考各类考研写作课程均对真题进行过详细讲解，信任今年英语一2023的同学面对此作文应会镇静自若我们简洁来看看如何审这两副图，左边的图片中，一个学生坐在躺椅里悠哉悠哉，看着自己有许多书却没说读上哪怕一本；右边的图片中，一位勤奋的学生拿着一本书细致读着，并且很现实地支配着一年争取读完本书图表描述参考如下20As issymbolically mirroredin thecaricatures,there emergetwo circumstances,carrying sharpcontrastimplications.In thefirst cartoon,afashionable boy,lying inhis slingchair comfortably,is lookingathiswholeshelfofbooksand says,“Ipossess amultitudeofbooks”.On thecontrary,the secondportrayaldemonstratesanindustriousstudentwho issitting infront of the deskand makesa realisticplanthathewouldliketofinishreading20booksin totalwithinayear.其次段可以从两方面来论证，一方面强调假如只有想法而不行动是不利于志向的实现，另一方面从正面论证脚踏实地一步一步完成志向的道理参考如下The authorof thecartoon invitesustofocusonatruththatendlessplansparalyzeactions.There aresimplynogreatsuccessandachievements inthe worldthat arenot achievedthrough hardwork anddiligence.Similarly,a dreamcanbe realizedwhenyoudecideto workforitandpersistcontinuously.Everyone desiresto succeed,but notallhisdreamscancometrueuntilheworkshardtoimplementhisplans.People giveup theirdreams forthisorthatreason.Those whosedreams becometrue haveat leastonethingincommon,that is,theyalways holdfastto theirdreamsandalwayskeeptheirfeetonthe ground.Just aroundus,for instance,theathletes whogainthegoldmedals,the artistswhoareprevalent withthepublic,and eventhe studentswhoentertheuniversityafteryearsofhardstudyandpreparation,are alldream-holders.o第三段给出结论，简洁提两条建议即可比如Accordingly,to succeed,we needto sparenoefforts andholdfasttoyourdreamsjustasournation sticksto ourChinese Dream.The pathto dreamsmaynot besmoothandwide,and evensome sacrificesareneeded,but holdon totheend,youwillfindthere isnogreaterhappinessthanmakingyourdream cometrue.当然，考研写作判卷原则是语言第一位、结构其次位、内容第三位只要语言基本正确、结构比较清楚、内容与话题相关，均可取得及格分（分）假如语言精彩、结构严谨、论证12充分，则可稳获高分（分以上）15总体来说，今年的大作文写作难度适中虽然有些考生由于考场惊惶、可能论述无逻辑,有些同学将关键词拼法错误其实无需过于焦虑，阅卷老师主要考察整体语言水平，不会因为个别错误完全降为低分只要语言基本正确、结构比较清楚，均可取得不错的成果It hasnot gottenanywhere closeto that,and onebig reasonis stickershock:Passengers mustpay$85every fiveyears toprocess theirbackground checks.Since thebeginning,this pricetag hasbeenPreChecks fatalflaw.Upcoming reformsmight bringthe pricetoa more reasonablelevel.But Congressshouldlook intodoing sodirectly,by helpingto financePreCheck enrollmentor tocut costsin otherways.The TSAcannot continuediverting resourcesinto underusedPreCheck laneswhile mostofthetravelingpublic suffersin unnecessarylines.It islong pasttime tomake theprogram work.
21.The crashof EgyptAirFlight804is mentionedto[A]explain Americanstolerance ofcurrent securitychecks.[B]stress theurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.[C|highlight thenecessity ofupgrading majorU.S.airports.[D]emphasize theimportanceofprivacy protection.
22.Which ofthe followingcontributes tolongwaitsat majorairports[A]New restrictionson carry-on bags.[B|The decliningefficiency oftheTSA.[C]An increaseinthenumberoftravellers.[D]Frequent unexpectedsecretchecks.
23.The wordexpedited”Liner4,Para.5is closetin meaningto[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.
24.One problemwiththePreCheckprogramis[A]a dramaticreduction ofits scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the governmentsreluctance toback it.[D]an unreasonableprice forenrollment.
25.Which ofthefollowingwould bethe besttitle forthe text[A]Less Screeningfor MoreSafety[B]PreCheck-a BelatedSolution[C]Getting Stuckin SecurityLines[D]Underused PreCheckLanesText2“The ancientHawaiians wereastronomers/9wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaiis lastreigning monarch,in
1897.Star watcherswereamongthe mostesteemed membersof Hawaiiansociety.Sadly,all is notwell withastronomyinHawaiitoday.Protests haveerupted overconstructionofthe ThirtyMeterTelescope TMT,a giantobservatory thatpromises torevolutionize humanitysview ofthe cosmos.At issueis theTMTs plannedlocation on Mauna Kea,a dormantvolcano worshipedby someHawaiiansas thepiko,that connectsthe HawaiianIslands tothe heavens.ButMauna Kea isalso hometo someofthe worldsmost powerfultelescopes.Rested inthe PacificOcean,Mauna Keaspeak risesabove thebulkof ourplanets denseatmosphere,where conditionsallow telescopesto obtainimages ofunsurpassedclarity.Opposition totelescopes on MaunaKeais nothingnew.A smallbut vocalgroup ofHawaiians andenvironmentalistshave longviewed theirpresence asdisrespect farsacred landandapainfulreminderofthe occupationof whatwas oncea sovereignnation.Some blameforthecurrent controversybelongs toastronomers.In theireagerness tobuild biggertelescopes,they forgotthat scienceis not the onlyway ofunderstanding the world.They didnot alwaysprioritizethe protectionof MaunaKea*s fragileecosystems orits holinesstothe islands*inhabitants.Hawaiian cultureis nota relicofthepast；it isa livingculture undergoinga renaissancetoday.Yet sciencehas acultural history,too,with rootsgoing backtothedawn ofcivilization.The samecuriosityto findwhat liesbeyond thehorizon thatfirst broughtearly Polynesiansto Hawaii*s shoresinspiresastronomers todayto explore the heavens.Calls todisassemble alltelescopes onMaunaKeaorto banfuture developmentthere ignorethe realitythat astronomyand Hawaiianculture bothseek toanswerbig questionsabout whowe are,where wecome fromand wherewe aregoing.Perhaps that iswhy weexplorethestarry skies,as ifanswering aprimal callingto knowourselves andour trueancestralhomes.The astronomycommunity ismaking compromisesto changeits useof MaunaKea.The TMTsite waschosento minimizethe telescopesvisibility around theislandandtoavoid archaeologicalandenvironmental impact.To limitthenumberof telescopesonMaunaKea,old oneswill beremoved attheend of their lifetimesand theirsites returnedtoanatural state.There isno reasonwhy everyonecannot bewelcomedonMaunaKea toembrace theircultural heritageandtostudy thestars.
26.QueenLiliuokalani^remark inParagraph1indicates[A]her conservativeview onthe historicalrole ofastronomy.[B|theimportanceofastronomyin ancientHawaiiansociety.[C]the regrettabledecline ofastronomyinancient times.[D]her appreciationof starwatchers9feats inhertime.
27.MaunaKeais deemedas anideal astronomicalsite dueto[A]its geographicalfeatures.[B]its protectivesurroundings.[C]its religiousimplications.[D]its existinginfrastructure.
28.The constructionoftheTMT isopposedbysome localspartly because[A]it mayrisk ruiningtheirintellectual life.[B]it remindsthem ofa humiliatinghistory.[C]their culturewill losea chanceof revival.[D]they fearlosing controlof MaunaKea.
29.It can be inferredfrom Paragraph5that progressin todaysastronomy[A]is fulfillingthe dreamsof ancientHawaiians.[B|helps spreadHawaiiancultureacross the world.[C]may uncoverthe originofHawaiianculture.[D]will eventuallysoften Hawaiians9hostility.
30.The authorsattitude towardchoosing MaunaKea astheTMTsite isone of[A]severe criticism.[B|passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text3Robert F.Kennedy oncesaid thata country*sGDPmeasureseverythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.With Britainvoting toleave theEuropean Union,and GDPalready predictedto slowas aresult,it isnow atimelymomentto assesswhathewasreferring to.The questionof GDPand itsusefulness has annoyed policymakersfor overhalf acentury.Many arguethatit isa flawedconcept.It measuresthingsthatdo notmatter andmisses thingsthatdo.By mostrecentmeasures,the UKsGDPhasbeentheenvy oftheWesternworld,with recordlow unemploymentandhigh growthfigures.If everythingwas goingso well,then whydid over17million peoplevoteforBrexit,despite thewarnings aboutwhat itcould dototheircountrys economicprospectsA recent annualstudyof countriesand theirability toconvert growthinto well-being shedssomelightonthat question.Across the163countries measured,the UKisoneofthepoorest performersin ensuringthateconomic growthis translatedinto meaningfulimprovements forits citizens.Rather thanjustfocusing onGDP,over40different setsof criteriafrom health,education andcivil societyengagementhave beenmeasured toget amore roundedassessment ofhow countriesare performing.While allof thesecountries facetheir ownchallenges,there area numberof consistentthemes.Yes,therehas beena buddingeconomic recoverysincethe2023global crash,but inkey indicatorsin areassuch ashealthandeducation,major economieshave continuedto decline.Yet thisisnt thecase withall countries.Some relativelypoor Europeancountries haveseen hugeimprovements acrossmeasures includingcivilsociety,income equalityand environment.This isa lessonthat richcountries canlearn:When GDPisno longer regardedasthesole measureof acountryssuccess,theworldlooks verydifferent.So whatKennedy wasreferringtowas thatwhile GDPhasbeenthemostcommon methodfor measuringtheeconomic activityof nations,as ameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactors suchas environmentalquality oreducation outcomes-all thingsthat contributetoapersonssense ofwell-being.The sharphit togrowth predictedaroundtheworld andinthe UK couldlead toa declineintheeverydayservices wedepend onfor ourwell-being andfor growth.But policymakerswho refocusefforts onimprovingwell-being ratherthan simplyworrying aboutGDP figurescould avoidthe forecasteddoomand mayeven seeprogress.
31.Robert F.Kennedy iscited becausehe[A]praised the UK forits GDP.[B]identified GDPwith happiness.[C]misinterpreted therole of GDP.[D]hadalow opinionof GDP.
32.It canbe inferredfrom Paragraph2that[A]the UKis reluctantto remoldits economicpattern.[B]the UKwill contributeless totheworldeconomy.[C]GDP asthe measureof successis widelydefied intheUK.[D]policymakers intheUKare payinglessattention toGDP.
33.Which ofthefollowingis trueabout therecentannualstudy[A]It excludesGDP asan indicator.[B]It issponsored by163countries.[C]Its criteriaare questionable.[D]Its resultsare enlightening.
34.In thelast twoparagraphs,the authorsuggests that[A]theUKis preparingfor aneconomic boom.[B|high GDPforeshadows aneconomic decline.[C]itisessential toconsider factorsbeyondGDP.[D]it requirescaution tohandle economicissues.
35.Which ofthefollowingis thebest forthe text[A|HighGDPBut InadequateWell-being,aUKlesson[B|GDP figures,a Windowon GlobalEconomic Health[C]RobertF.Kennedy,a TerminatorofGDP[D]Brexit,the UKsGateway toWell-beingText4In arare unanimousruling,the USSupreme Courthas overturnedthe corruptionconviction ofa formerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.But itdid sowhile holdingits noseattheethicsof hisconduct,which includedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariAutomobilefromacompanyseekingaccess togovernment.The highcourts decisionsaid thejudge inMr.McDonnells trailfailed totell ajury thatit mustlook onlyathis officialacts,“ortheformer governorsdecisions onspecific”and“unsettled“issues relatedto hisduties.Merely helpinga gift-giver gainaccesstoother officials,unless donewith clearintent topressure thoseofficials,isnotcorruption,the justicesfound.The courtdid suggestthat acceptingfavors inreturn fbropening doorsis distasteful”and“nasty.Butunder anti-bribery laws,proof mustbe madeof concretebenefits,suchasapproval ofa contractorregulation.Simply arrangingameeting,making aphone call,or hostinganeventisnotan officialact.”The courtsruling islegally soundin defininga kindof favoritismthatisnot criminal.Elected leadersmustbe allowed to helpsupporters dealwith bureaucraticproblems withoutfear ofprosecution ofbribery.The basiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment；wrote ChiefJustice JohnRobertsfbr thecourt,assumes thatpublic officialswill hearfrom theirconstituents andact ontheir concerns.But theruling reinforcesthe needfor citizensand theirelected representatives,notthe courts,to ensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.Officials mustnotbeallowed toplay favoritesin providinginformationorinarranging meetingssimply because an individualor groupprovides acampaigndonation ora personalgift.This typeof integrityrequires will-enforced lawsin governmenttransparency,suchasrecords ofofficial meetings,rules onlobbying,and informationabout eachelected leaderssourceofwealth.Favoritism inofficial accesscan fanpublic perceptionsof corruption.But itisnotalways corruption.Rather officialsmust avoiddouble standards,or differenttypes ofaccess foraverage peopleand thewealthy.If connectionscanbebought,a basicpremise ofdemocratic society-that allare equalintreatment bygovernment-is undermined.Good governmentrests onan understandingoftheinherentworth ofeach individual.The couifsruling isa stepforward inthe struggleagainst bothcorruption andofficial favoritism.
36.The underlinedsentencePara.1most probablyshows thatthecourt[A]avoided definingthe extentof McDonneirsduties.[B]made nocompromise inconvicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuousof McDonnelPsconduct.[D]refused tocomment onMcDonnelPs ethics.
37.According toParagraph4,an officialact isdeemed corruptiveonly ifit involves[A]concrete returnsfor gift-givers.[B]sizable gainsintheform ofgifts.[C]leaking secretsintentionally.[D]breaking contractsofficially.
38.The courtsruling isdontheassumptionthatpublicofficials are[A]allowedtofocusonthe concernsoftheirsupporters.[B]qualified todeal independentlywith bureaucraticissues.[C|justified inaddressing theneeds oftheirconstituents.[D]exempt fromconviction onthe chargeof favoritism.
39.Well-enforced lawsin governmenttransparency areneeded to[A]awaken theconscience ofofficials.[B]guarantee fairplay inofficial access.[C]allow forcertain kindsof lobbying.[D]inspire hopesin averagepeople.
40.The authorsattitude towardthecourtsruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The followingparagraphs aregiven ina wrongorder.For questions41-45,you arerequiredto reorganizethese paragraphsinto acoherent textby choosingfromthelistA-G andfilling theminto thenumbered boxes.Paragraphs BandD havebeencorrectly placed.Mark youranswers ontheANSWER SHEET.10points[A]Thefirst publishedsketch,nA Dinnerat PolarWalkbroughttearstoDickensseyeswhen hediscoveredit inthe pagesof TheMonthly MagazineFrom thenon hissketches,which appearedunderthe penname BozinThe EveningChronicle,earned hima modestreputation.[B]The runawaysuccess ofThe PickwickPapers,as itis generallyknown today,secured Dickens,sfame.There werePickwick coatsand Pickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,becauseanational figure.[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBoz appeared,a publishingfirm approachedDickens towriteastory inmonthlyinstallments,asabackdrop fora seriesof woodcutsby thethen-famous artistRobert Seymour,who hadoriginated theidea forthe story.With characteristicconfidence,Dickens successfullyinsistedthat Seymourspictures illustratehis ownstory instead.After thefirst installment,Dickens wroteto theartistand askedhim tocorrect adrawing Dickensfelt,was notfaithful enoughto hisprose.Seymourmade thechange,went into his backyard,and expressedhis displeasureby committingsuicide.Dickensand hispublishers simplypressed onwithanew artist.The comicnovel,The PosthumousPapers ofthePickwick Club,appeared seriallyin1836and1837and wasfirstpublishedin bookform in
1837.[D]Charles Dickensis probablythebest-known and,to manypeople,the greatestEnglish novelistofthe19th century.A moralist,satirist,and socialreformer,Dickens craftedcomplex plotsand strikingcharactersthat capturethe panoramaofEnglishsociety.[E]Soonafterhisfathersreleasefromprison,Dickens gota betterjob aserrand boyin lawoffices.Hetaught himselfshorthand toget aneven betterjob laterasacourt stenographerand asa reporterinParliament.At thesame time,Dickens,who hada reporterseye fortranscribing thelife aroundhim,especially anythingcomic orodd,submitted shortsketches toobscure magazines.[F]Dickens wasbornin Portsmouth,on Englandssouthern coast.His father was aclerk inthe BritishNavy Payoffice-arespectable position,but withlittle socialstatus.His paternalgrandparents,a stewardandahousekeeper,possessed evenless status,having beenservants,and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken^mother supposedlycame fromamorerespectable family.Yet twoyears beforeDicken*s birth,hismothers fatherwas caughtstealing andfled toEurope,never toreturn.The familysincreasing povertyforcedDickens outof schoolat age12toworkin WarrensBlacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where theother workingboys mockedhim astheyounggentleman.n Hisfatherwasthen imprisonedfordebt.The humiliationsofhisfathers imprisonmentand hislabor inthe blackingfactory formedDickenssgreatest woundand becamehis deepestsecret.He couldnot confidethem eventohiswife,although theyprovide theunacknowledged foundationofhisfiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plungedinto a bleaker world.InOliver Twist,he tracesan orphansprogressfrom theworkhousetothecriminal slumsof London.NicholasNickleby,his nextnovel,combines thedarknessof OliverTwist withthe sunlightof Pickwick.The popularityof thesenovelsconsolidatedDickens asa nationallyand internationallycelebrated manof letters.Section IIITranslationDirections:Read thefollowing textcarefully andthen translatethe underlinedsegments intoChinese.Your translationshould bewritten neatlyontheANSWERSHEET.10pointsThe growthoftheuseofEnglish asthe worldsprimary languagefor internationalcommunicationhas obviouslybeen continuingfor severaldecades.46But evenasthenumberofEnglish speakersexpands furtherthere aresigns thatthe globalpredominanceofthelanguage mayfade withinthe foreseeablefuture.Complex international,economic,technological andculture changecould startto diminishtheleading positionofEnglishasthelanguage oftheworldmarket,and UKinterests whichenjoy advantagefromthe breathofEnglishusage wouldconsequently facenew pressures.Those realisticpossibilities arehighlightedinthestudy presentedbyDavidGraddol47His analysisshould thereforeecd anyself-conlentedness amongthosewhomay believethat theglobalpositionofEnglish isso stablethattheyoung generationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditional languagecapabilities.DavidGraddolconcludes thatmonoglot Englishgraduates faceableakeconomic futureasqualified multilingualyoungsters fromothercountriesare provingto havea competitiveadvantage overtheirBritish counterpartsin globalcompanies andorganizations.Alongside that,48many countriesareintroducing Englishinto theprimary・school curriculumbut British。
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