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11.Modern lifestylesmean thatmany parentshave littletime for their children.Many childrensuffer becausethey do not get asmuch attention from theirparents aschildren did in the past.In themodern societytoday,a largenumber ofparents spendtheir timein thejob.Due tothis situation,many childrendonot getmuch attentionfrom theirparents aschildren didin thepast.Of courseI admitof childrenget morecomfortablelife thanbefore,also childrenprobably havinghigher livingstandard as well.Nevertheless,what are thechildren reallywant Is the moneyIsthecomputer Oris the attentionfrom their dador momThe otherwise,whatdoes the parents wantto leavein thechildhood of their childrenIn my opinion,I agreewith manychildren donotgetmuch attentionfrom theirparents aschildren didin thepast.Inaddition,I understand the parentswish togiving betterlife to their children,therefore,they work harder thanbefore,because of this,theparentslost thetime to accompany withtheir childrenand unable to payattention to their childrenasthe childrendidin thepast,but I think the most importantthinking is“there arenot thingimportant thantheattentionfrom theparentsto children”.We shouldknow therich materiallife cantreplace thecare fromparents of children.One ofparents5responsibilities istake goodcare to their children,also parentsshould spendmore timeto teachchildren.In conclusion,modern lifestylechanged relationshipbetween parentsand children,many parentsmisunderstand themeaningof bring up ofchildren,they thought“bringupofchildren”means givingmoney to their children,giving anythingthechildren wantis love.But actuallyit totallywrong,the mostimportant part of bringup mustbe payattention tochildren,care them,teach them,not onlyspend moneyof them.
12.More and more qualifiedpeople aremoving from poor to rich countriesto fillvacancies inspecialist areaslikeengineering,computing andmedicine.Some peoplebelieve thatby encouragingthe movement of suchpeople,rich countriesare stealingfrom poorcountries.Others feel that this is onlypartof the naturalmovementof workersaround the world,brain drainTheso-called braindrain9frompoortorichcountries is now robbingpoorer countriesof essentialpersonnel like doctors,nurses,engineers,and thetrend isset tocontinue,if notto getworse.Some peoplesay thismovementof people around the worldis nota newphenomenon.Migrant workershave alwaysbeenattracted bythe widerchoice ofemployment andgreater opportunityin majorcities in their own countries andabroad.Recently,as thetechnological agehas advancedand asricher countriesfind themselveswith notenoughworkers tofeed theirdevelopment,they havehad torun toother partsof the world to find thenecessary manpower.Many richerEuropean countries,for example,are nowtrying toattract skilledIT workersfrom myhome countryIndia by(力口)offering highersalaries thanthey couldhope toearn at home.With theglobalisation of theworlds economy,many peoplefeel that the processcannot bestopped.Others,myself included,are of the opinion that measuresshould be taken toaddress theproblem,by compensatingpoorercountries financiallyfortheloss ofinvestment in the peoplethey havetrained,likedoctors and nurses.Admittedly,this maybe cumbersometo administer,but anattempt could be madeto getit offthe ground.Another step,which inpart has already begunto happen,is touse theforces ofglobalization itself.Western countriescouldencourage people to stayin theirowncountriesby directinvestment inprojects likecomputer factoriesor bysendingpatients abroadfor treatment,as is already happening.It isobviously difficultto restrictthe movementofpeople around theworld andit isprobably foolishto tryto stopit,butattempts should be madeto redress the imbalance.
13.Computers andmodems havemade itpossible foroffice workers to domuch of their workfrom homeinsteadof workingin officesevery day.Working from home shouldbe encouragedas it is goodfor workersandemployers.In recent years thevast expansionof informationand communicationstechnology hasmade teleworkingmuch morepractical.Although inmany casesoffice workerscould be made geographicallyindependent byusing modems,faxesand cellphones,few companiesor employeestake fulladvantage ofthis possibility.There are a number of strongarguments infavor of allowing workersto workfrom home.Firstly costsfor employerswould be reducedbecause businesseswould requireless officespace,which isoften situatedin thecenter oflargecities.Secondly,workers liveswouldbeimproved ina variety of ways.For example,they wouldnot need to travelto getto work,which wouldgive themmore freetime.Also,they couldcombine their work withtheir familylife,which is a majoradvantage if they areparents ofyoung childrenorthey haveold peopleto lookafter.On theother hand,traveling toa centralizedworkplace alsohas anumber ofpointsin itsfavor.The firstis thatmany employeeswould missthe socialaspect ofwork such as seeingcolleagues andmeetingcustomers.A furtherpoint is that employerswould needto beabletotrust theirworkersto work ata highstandardand finishtheirworkon time,since supervisingteleworkers iseven morecomplicated thansupervisingworkers in the sameoffice.Finally,working fromhome mightinhibit teamwork and creativeworkandso perhapsso onlyreally suitablefor peopledoingroutine officework.In conclusion,I believe that whilemany workerswelcome the opportunity togo outtowork,others wouldfind thechanceto workfromhomevery convenient.Where possible,I thinkworkers shouldbe offeredthe choice,but notforced toworkfrom homeunless theywish to.
14.Nowadays manystudents have theopportunityto studyfor partor allof theircourses inforeign countries.While studying abroad bringsmany benefitsto individualstudents,it alsohas anumber ofdisadvantagesIn recentyears therehas beena vastincrease in the number of studentschoosing to study abroad.This ispartlybecause people are moreaffluent andparty dueto thevarietyofgrants andscholarships which are availableforoverseas studentsnowadays.Although foreignstudy isnot somethingwhich everystudent wouldchoose,it is anattractive optionfor manypeople.,Studying overseashas anumberofadvantages.Firstly it may givestudents access to knowledgeand facilitiessuch as laboratoriesand librarieswhicharenot availablein theirhome country.Furthermore,by lookingabroadstudents mayfind awider rangeof coursesthan thoseoffered intheir countrysuniversities,and thereforeone whichfitsmore closelyto theirparticular requirements.On theother hand,studying abroadhas anumberofdrawbacks.These maybe dividedinto personalandprofessional.Firstly,students have to leavetheir family and friends for along period.Furthermore,studyingabroadisalmost alwaysmore expensivethan studyingat oneslocal university.Finally,students oftenhave to study ina foreign,language whichmay limittheir performanceand meantheydonot attaintheir truelevel.In myopinion,however,the disadvantagesof studyingabroad areusually temporaryin nature.Students whostudyabroad generallybecome proficientinthelanguage quitesoon andthey areonly awayfrom theirfamilyand,friendsfor a yearor two.Furthermore manyof thebenefits laststudents alltheir livesand makethem highlydesirableto prospectiveemployers.
15.Some peoplefeelthat certain workerslike nurses,doctors andteachers are undervalued andshould bepaidmore,especially whenother peoplelike film actors or company bossesare paidhuge sumsof moneythatare outof proportionto theimportance of the workthat theydo.How fardo you agree Whatcriteria shouldbeused to decide how much peopleare paidIt is undeniablethatcertainjob occupationssuchas nurses,doctors andteachers contributegreatly toour society,buttheir incomesseem to be undervaluedcomparing tofilmactorsorcompany bosses whoare paida largeamount ofmoney.This phenomenonarouses publicdiscussion onwhat factorsshouldbeconsidered todetermine peoplessalary.Some peoplehold theview thatnurses,doctors andteachers areunderpaid astheir importanceofthework areunderestimated,but I dont agreewith them.First ofall,film stars and companybosses have to takestrong effortsin orderto succeed.In otherwords,those whoareconsidered successfuland earnhuge sumsmoney standa smallproportion.To bemore specific,numerous peopledesireto becomefilm stars,but only a fewof themcan achievetheir goals.Not onlydid theyworkhard,but alsotheyneed goodluck,opportunities,and helpfulpartners.The situationis quitesimilar whenthings cometo companybosses.People workas filmsstarsandcompanybosseshavetoendure hugepressure,irregular working hours andinadequatesleeping.On theother hand,professions suchasnurses,doctorsandteachers requirecorresponding education.With relevantdegree,it isnot difficulttofinda job.Besides,the risksand stressare quitemanageable.I thinkthere area lot of factorsthat shouldbe takeninto consideratetodecidehowmuchpeoplearepaid.Personalfactors includeeducational background,relevant workingexperience,skills,etc.Other factorsare inclusiveof industrydevelopment,workinghoursand intensity,to namejust a few.In myopinion,we shoulddevelop amethod tomake acomprehensiveassess onpeoples earnings.
16.As masscommunication andtransport continueto grow,societies are becoming more andmorealikeleading toa phenomenonknown asglobalization.Some peoplefear thatglobalization willinevitably lead to thetotal loss of cultural identity.To whatextent doyouagree or disagreewith thisstatementGlobalization meansthat insome wayspeoplearoundtheworldare becomingmoreandmore similar.We ofteneat the same food,watch the same TVprograms,listen to the samemusic andwe wearthe sameclothes.Some ofthis atleast can be blamedon thespread ofmultinational brandsavailable allover theworld.On thesurface,itmayappear asiftheglobal diversityof culturalidentities isbeing lost.If,the argumentgoes,peoplein Tokyoand Londonlook anddressthesame,then thatmust meanthat cultural differences aredisappearing.However,I wouldargue thatthisisa verynarrow definitionof cultureand thatin factculturaldifferencesare aspresent asever.Cultural Identityis builton farmore thanjust thefilms wewatch orthe jeanswe wear.The foundationof culturalidentity is sharedvalues.When youlook indetail atdifferent cultures,you realizethatthethings that are importanttoone culturecanbevery differentfromthethings valuedby anotherculture.Take myown culture,India,as anexample andcompare ittoa very differentculture,Japan.Although Ihave nevervisitedJapan personally,I believethat itisaculture whichplaces a lot ofvalue onhard workand thatpeople oftenworkvery longhours.The Indianpeople,in contrast,greatly valuetheir leisure time andstrive to spend asmuch limewiththeir familyas theypossibly can.Even ifwe consumethesameproducts,I wouldargue thatthere arestill someverydeep-rooted differences.To summarize,Idonot acceptthat thattotallossofculturalidentityis inevitable,despite theinfluence oflargecompanies andtheir productsaroundtheglobe.
17.In somecountries young people havelittle leisuretime andareunderalotof pressuretoworkhard intheirstudies.What doyou thinkarethe causes ofthis Whatsolutions canyou suggestSomeyoung peoplefind themselveswith verylittle leisuretime.I believethere aretwo maincauses ofthis situation.Thefirst isparental pressureandthesecond iscompetition foruniversity places.Every parentwants tosee hisor herchild dowell inschool and go onto have a successfulcareer.This meansthatthey exertpressure on their childrentospendhours eachday studyingathome.Some evenarrange extratuition fortheirchildren.In myown country,itisnot uncommonfor youngpeopletospend anotherthree hoursat smallprivateschools aftertheir usualday atstale schoolis over.As aconsequence,their leisuretime isextremely limitedand thepressure on themis considerable.The secondcause isrelated tothe highereducation system.Each year,there aremany timesmore applicantstouniversity thanthere areuniversity places.The resultofthisis thatonly thosestudents withvery highgrades managetoobtain aplace.This contributestothe pressureonteenagers sincethey mustwork longhours tohave anychance ofsuccess.One solutiontotheproblem isfor parentstobemade awareoftheeffects ofthepressurethey putontheirchildren.Schools shouldinform parentsthat toomuch pressurecan leadto anxiety,stress anddepression.They shouldbeshown waysin whichthey canhelp theirchildren leadmore balancedlives witha reasonableamount ofleisuretime.Another effectivemeasure wouldbe forthe governmentto investinthecreation ofmore universityplaces.This couldbe done byexpanding existinguniversities orby buildingnew ones.This wouldhavetheeffect ofeasing competitionforplaces givingteenagers someof theirprecious freelime back.
18.Scientists andthe newsmedia arepresenting evermore evidenceof climatechange.Governmentscannot beexpected tosolve thisproblem.It isthe responsibilityof individuals to change their lifestyletoprevent further damage.What areyour viewsRecentlyscientists worriedabout climatechange haveurged governmentsto introducemeasures toreduce thegreenhouse gas emissionsthatareseen as its maincause.Simultaneously,politicians andenvironmentalists haveurgedindividualstomake changestotheirlifestyle.I shallargue thatgovernments andindividuals shouldtake joinresponsibilityfor thisproblem.Firstly,industry accountsforalarge proportionofthegreenhousegasemissions,and thiscan onlybe controlledbygovernment action.Measures couldbetakento discouragepollution,suchaslimiting ortaxing theuse offossil fuels.Alternatively,subsidies couldbe offeredto industriesto cleanup theirproduction processes.If theseideas wereadopted,I believethat businesseswould regardpollution as a financialissue.Secondly,only discussionbetween governmentscan ensurethat solutionsare successful.The Kyotoagreement,forexample,tried toreach globalagreement onhow toaddress theproblem.Without suchcooperating,it seemsto methatefforts toreduce fuelconsumption areunlikely tobe effective.However,national andinternational policieswill onlysucceed ifindividuals alsochangetheirlifestyle.For example,people couldthink morecarefully abouthow theyuse energyintheirhomes.By usingless electricity,installingenergy-efficient lightbulbs andelectrical appliances,or investingin solarpanels,individuals canmake areal difference.In addition,Ithinkindividual attitudesto transportneedtochange.Instead ofmaking shorttips bycar,people couldchooseto walk,cycle,or takea bus.Since carsareamajor sourceoftheproblem,changing ourbehaviour inthis areawouldhave amajor impact.In conclusion,I wouldmaintain thatonlyacombination ofinternational agreement,national policies,and changesinindividual behaviourwill succeedin preventingfurtherdamagetotheenvironment.
19.School childrenarebecomingfar toodependent oncomputers.This ishaving analarming effectonreading andwriting skills.Teachers needto avoidusing computersintheclassroom atall costsandgobackto teachingbasic studyskills.Do youagreeordisagreeNowadays modern technology hastotally changedour approachtostudy.In manycountries studentsno longerhave tocopynotes byhand fromthe blackboard;instead theteacher givesthem aphotocopy.Rather thanmessy inkand pen,students presenta typed-up copyoftheir assignments.Their computereven checkstheir spellingas theygo.In fact,some peoplebelievethatmodern technologydoes alotofour thinkingfor usand,asaresult,we aregoing tolose ourabilityto thinkfor ourselves.Inmyopinion,spelling skillshave definitelydeteriorated inrecentyears.So manyyoungpeopleuse mobilephones tosendtext messageswhere speedand concisenessare moreimportant thanspelling orgrammar.Some teacherscomplainthat thesestudents takethesameattitude towardtheirassignments.On theother hand,typed assignmentsare mucheasier to read andare muchneater.Frankly,I findsome notesortexts whichare handwrittenalmost impossible toread.Doctors,for example,haveareputation forillegible handwriting,which couldleadtodisastrous medicalmistakes.Perhaps itis timewe focusednot onhandwriting buton presentinginformationas accuratelyas possible.One advantageof computersisthataccesstothe Internethas openedup anew worldof learningfor us.We nolongerhavetowait fora bookthat hasalready beenborrowed fromthe librarybefore wedo ourresearch.In fact,theInternet canclearly be used toresearch informationinthesame wayasalibrary butmore conveniently.On thewhole,rather thanholding studentsback,I believemoderntechnologyhas actuallyimproved standardsofeducation considerably.
20.Counties suchas China,India andJapan haveunsustainable population growths.In factmany expertsareoftheopinionthatthe populationexplosion whichisnowa veryworrying cothemostserious threattolife onthis planet.Give somesuggestions toaddress thisproblem.It istrue thatthe populationexplosion whichhas takenplace overthe lastcentury,isavery seriousproblem.One ofthe mainreasonsfor thisunacceptable populationgrowth isa lackof understandingabout theenvironment.Over-population isthemajor reasonfor water,soil andair pollution.Itisalso oftenthecauseof starvationand evenwars.Experts haveputforward manysuggestions toaddress thisproblem.The followingare justafewof these.The mostimportant weaponwe haveto fightpopulationgrowth is education.This shouldstart ataveryearly agei.e.beforechildren evengo toschool.TV cartoonsand childrensprograms canbeusedto educatethe veryyoung.At highschool level,students canbe taughtabout theproblem moredirectly.At universitylevel,scholarships shouldbemadeavailable tostudentswho wishtostudyfurther inthis field.International exchangegroups mayalso helpto increaseawareness.Another importantmeans ofcontrolling populationgrowthisto disadvantagepeople whohave morethan oneor twochildren.This canbedone,asitisinChina,by meansofahigher tax.Although itis controversial,persons whocomeforward tobe sterilizedcouldbegiven asum ofmoney.It mayalso bepossible tomake itadvantageous forpeople tohaveonly onechild bygiving suchcouples aspecial taxdeduction.It shouldalso bepossibletomake contraceptiondevices freetothepublic andeasily obtainable.This problemisavery difficultone toaddress butwe shouldmake everyeffort todo so.There aremany otherproblemswhich arerelated toover-population suchas increasingcrime,illiteracy andpollution.So byaddressing oneproblem wewouldbe addressingthe othersaswell.。
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