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现在完成时
一、结构现在完成时由“助动词havehas+过去分词”构成其否定式是在助动词havc/has后加not一般疑问句是将助动词have/has移至句首若肯定句中有already,在变成否定句、疑问句时应将其改成yeteg.Ihave alreadyposted theletter.f§已经不在我这儿了Her friendhas alreadyposted thephotosto him.改为否定句和疑问句Her friendthephotos tohim.hasnt posted,yetherfriend thephotostohimhas,posted,yet
二、用法
1、表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与一些时间状语，如:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等连用，也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语，如these days,today,thisyear,so far等连用.1—Who willgoto theairportto meetJenny—Iwill.Iherseveral times.I canfindher easily.A.met B.have metC.had metD.willmeet B2Its7:
30.1cant believeyou cookingdinner yet,Sally.A.havent startedB.didnt startC.dont startD.hasnt startedA
2、表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在，也许还将继续下去，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的•段时间的状语连用，即for+时间段,since+时间点/从句，in thelasttenyears等,谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.Mr.Liu has lived hereforfive years.解析一英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是终止性的，终止性动词也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词，或点动词，如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句连用，也不能用在howlong引导的特殊疑问句中.eg.Ive left Shanghai forthree days.xIvebeen away from Shanghaifbrthree days.T.Ileft Shanghaithree daysago.7It is/has beenthreedayssince IleftShanghai.7二初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.终止性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法⑴将时间状语改为时间段+ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年j.My brotherjoined thearmy two years ago.2若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句，或用在howlong句型中，则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词.常见终止性动词与延续性动词或状态动词的对应关系如下openbe opendiebe deadclose----be closedbecome---beborrow---keepbegin/startbe onputon----wearleave—be away（from）buyhavefallasleep-ibeasleep end/finishbeovercatch acoldhaveacoldcome/go/arrive/get/rcach/movebe in/atjoin thearmy---be inthearmybeasoldierjoin theParty--bein thePartybeaParty member—My brotherhas been in thearmyfbr two years.—My brotherhas beenasoldier fortwo years.
（三）Hasbeento和beenin/atbeento去过某地，表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用.eg.Shehas beento Shanghaitwice.（表示目前人在这里）has gone to去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地，eg.Shehas goneto Shanghaio（表示现在她人不在这里）
4、Shehasnt seenthenew filmyet.
5、Shehas beento Shanghai.
6、Wherehas hebeenthese days现在完成时专项练习
（二）
1.Has,waited
2.hasnt finished
3.has known
4.have received
5.have been
6.have,learned
7.hasnt read
8.has lived,left,leave,left
9.has been,did,join,joined
10.hasrained,did,rain,rained11,have,seen,saw
12.Has,finished
13.Have,been,have been
14.Have,eaten
15.has,come
16.has goneto
17.was,has become
18.have worked,moved
19.have made
20.have,stayedI.
1.havenot
2.Whyhasnt
3.Howlonghashe
4.have,bought
5.have,learned,for
1.have,been
2.have,gone,have,been
3.have,been
4.has gone
5.has gone,has,beenII.
1.since
2.for
3.for
4.since
5.since
6.for
7.for
8.for,since
9.since
10.for
11..since
12.for
13.since现在完成时专项练习
（三）
一、
1.Has,waited
2.havent finished
3.haveknown
4.haveheard
5.had been
6.havestayed
7.hasntread
8.have done
9.walked
10.hasgone,left11,haslived,left,did,leave,left
12.hasbeen,did,join,joined
13.studies,studied,havestudied
14.has told
15.has taught
16.has written,wrote
17.has painted
二、选择填空1—5ADBAB6—8ADD9-20BDBCCDBDCCCAhas beenin/at逗留在某地已经一段时间.常和for tendays,sinceI camehere等连用.eg.Shehas beeninShanghai sinceshemoved there.
1.…Hello,thisis Lilyspeaking.Can Ispeakto Mr.Fox…Sorry.He theLongLake.A.has beenloB.went to C.has gonetoD.will gotoC
2.—you everto theUnited States一Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,been C.Do,goD.Were,going B四现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况，不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in1991,threedays agolast time,last night等连用.一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，和现在不发生关系.-Is yourfather aPartymember-Yes,hetheParty three years ago.Hea Partymemberfor three years.A.joined,has beenB.has joined,has beenC.was joined,as D.joined,was A五现在完成时中的for与sincefor+时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用since+时间点/从句I havekept thelibrary bookfor aweek.=I havekept thelibrary booksincea weekago.1―What anicebike!Howlong youit—Just twoweeks.A.will,buy B.did,buy C.are,having D.have,had2---Do youknow Bettyvery Dwell--Yes,she andIfriends sincewemet inGuangzhou lastsummer.A.have madeB.have becomeC.have beenD.have turned3…How longhave youCfrom theUSA——For twoweeks.A.come backB.returned C.got backD.beenback D4MrGreen haslived inChinafiveyears ago.A.forB.sinceC.from D.overBIl is/has been+一段时间+since从句自从某事发生已有一段时间了.eg.It is/has beentwo years since my brotherjoinedthearmy.Hehas beeninthearmy forthree years.改为同义句three yearshe thearmy.It is,since,joined注意1since引导的从句中动词用过去时when引导的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.2have got,has got虽然是现在完成时，但havegot=have hasgol==has练习题1Its alongtimesincewemeetlast,isnt it2-Iknow youchooseapicture bookamongthese.—Yes.Have alookat it,please.3So far,spaceships withoutpeoplereachthe moonandsomeotherparts oftheuniverse.4Myfather homefornearly threeweeks.A.has goneaway fromB.has leftC.has beenawayfromD.went awayMr.and Mrs.Green havein Chinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reached-Wheres Mary-Oh,shethelibraryA.has gone toB.went toC.has been toD.had gonetoKeys:
1.met
2.have chosen
3.have reached
4.C
5.A
6.D
二、现在完成时与中考试题现在完成时是初中阶段同学们需要掌握的非常重要的语法项目，也是全国各地中考试题中经常出现的考点，下面我们就去看看这样的中考题你能不能做对吧
1.（-）全国历届中考试题
4.They alliheirmoney,so theyhaveto walkhome.（2001太原）
2.a.spendb.had spentc.have spentJim has made many d.will spendfriends sincehe toChina.
5.（2002天津）
3.a.cameb.comesc.has come—Do youknowhim welld.will come（2（X）2河北）
6.—Sure.Wefriends since ten years ago.a.wereb.havebeenc.havebecomed.havemadeBothhisparentslooksad.Maybetheywhatshappenedtohim.（2002呼和）a.knew b.haveknown c.must knowd.willknow）Hurry up!Theplay for tenminutes.（2002辽宁）a.hasbegunb.hadbegunc.hasbeenond.beganThe2（X）2WorldCupSoccerMatchforover20dayssinceMay31st.（2002吉林）a.has begunb.lastedc.begand.has lasted—you（hefilm yet（2（X）2南通）一Yes,I itlastSaturday.a.Will...see,saw b.Did...see,sawc.Have...seen,have seend.Have...seen,saw—Have youever WuzhenandTaohuaIsland（2002浙江）No,never.But Imgoing toWuzhen orTaohuaIsland thissummer.a.beeninb.gone inc.been tod.goneto
9.—What didMr.Jones dobeforehemoved here（2002安徽）—Hea citybus forovertwenty-five years.a.is drivingb.drovec.has drivend.drivesDick isnthere.He thecinema.（2002福州）a.has gonetob.has gonewithc.has beenawayd.has beentoIwont goto seethefilm tonight,becauseI myticket.（2002河南）a.lostb.havelostc.willlostd.didnthave—WhereisMissGaoLily（2（X）2黄岗）一Shetotheteachersroom,a.has beenb.has gonec.wentd.would go—What istheweather likethissummerhere（2002广州）—There verylittlerain.a.hasb.has beenc.arcd.havebeen—Has Johncome（2002海南）一Yes.He has been herefor lOminutes.a.yet,alreadyb.already,yetc.already,stilld.yet,yet—has UncleWang worked inthis factory（2002广西）—Since
1991.a.Howsoonb.How longc.Howoftend.How far
（二）深圳市历届中考试题
1.Great changesin ourcountryin thelastten years.（92年）A.havebeentakenplaceB.hastakenplaceC.havetakentheplaceD.havetakenplaceShehasworkedinShenzhen.（93年）A.in1990B.after1990C.since1990Thedoctor toBeijingtwice.（97年）D.for1990A.has goneB.has beenC.wentD.goesHow longhave youasoldier Twentyyears.（98年）A.beenB.becomeC.gotD.became-Kate,have youseen Bobthesedays-Yes.I sawhimyesterday.Weeach otherforafew days.（04年）A.havent seenB.didn,tseeC.hadnt seenD.often saw-Whereis John-Hetotheteachers office.（04年）A.has beenB.has goneC.goesD.went-Have you your ticket,sir-No,Im stillit.（05年）A.found,finding B.looked for,looking forC.found,looking forD.looked for,finding-Howlonghave youlivedShenzhen-ten years.（06年）A.in,ForB.in,SinceC.at,For D.on,Since一Where isSally-ShetoHong Kong.Sheyesterday.（06年）A.what,left B.has gone,left C.has been,has leftD.has left,went-Wouldyou likesomecoffee-No,thanks.Isome.（07年）A.have,alreadyhaveB.had,justhadC.having,haveyethadD.tohave,havealreadyhad现在完成时专项练习
（一）whats happenedto him.（呼和浩特2003）
2、
（一）单项选择A.knewB.have knownC.mustknow D.will know
3、Hehas beentoShanghai,has he（重庆2002）A.already B.never D.stillC.ever
4、Have youmet MrLi（四川2002）A.just B.ago C.before D.amoment ago
5、Thefamous writeronenew bookin thepast twoyear（福建2003）.A.is writing一Our B.was writingC.wrote D.has wrillen
6、a lotsofar（河南2003）.country、Both hisparents looksad.Maybethey
6、一Yes.Ihopeit willbeeven.A.has changed;well B.changed;good C.as changed;better D.changed;better
6、ZhaoLan alreadyin thisschoolfor two years（湖北2001）.A.was;studying B.will;study C.has;studied D.are;studying
7、We XiaoLi sinceshewas alittlegirl（江西2004）.A.know B.had knownC.have knownD.knew
8、Harry Potterisavery nicefilm.1ittwice（新疆2001）.A.willsee B.have seenhave D.see
9、-These farmersbeen tothethereUnitedStates（黑龙江2003）.—Really WhenA.willthey goB.did theygo C.dothey goD.have theygone yet（厦门2001）
10、—youyourhomework ita
11、—Yes.I momentago.A.Did;do;finished
8.Have;done;finishedC.Have;done;havefinished D.will;do;finish
12、His fathertheParty since1978（湖南2002）.A.joined B.has joinedC.was inD.has beenin
13、Do youknowhimwell（江苏2001）Sure.Wefriends sinceten years ago.A.were B.have beenC.have become D.have made
14、—Howlong haveyou here（浙江2001）——About twomonths.A.beenB.gone C.comeD.arrived14^Hurry up!Theplay_for ten minutes（甘肃2003）.begunC.hasA.has begunB.had beenonD.began
15、It ten yearssince he leftthearmy.（佳木斯2002）A.isB.has C.will D.was
16、MissGreen isntinthe office.Sheto thelibrary.A.has goneB.wentC.will go
17、My parents Shandong for ten years.D.has been（石家庄2001）A.have beenin B.have beentoC.havegone to
18、The studentshavecleaned theclassroom,（衡阳2003）D.havebeenA.sothey B.donl theyC.have theyD.havent they
19、has Mr.Whitebeen amemberofGreener ChinasincehetoChinaA.Howsoon,comes B.How often,got C.Howlong,came D.Howfar,arrived
20、His unclefor morethan9years.（咸阳2001）A.hascomehereB.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthereD.haslefttheuniversity
（二）句型转换
1、Hehasneversurfed,（改成反意疑问句）
2、They havebeen here since
2000.（对划线部分提问）havethey beenhere
3、The oldmanlastyear.He forayear.（die）（动词填空）
4、This factoryopened twenty years ago.（同义句转换）Thisfactory fortwentyyears.
5、MissGao leftan hourago.（同义句转换）MissGao anhourago.
6、Her motherhas beena Partymemberfor threeyears.（同义句）Her motherthePartythreeyears.7^TheGreen Familymoved toFrancetwoyears ago.（同义句转换）twoyearstheGreen familymoved toFrance.
8、The bushasarrived here.It arrivedtenminutesago.（把两个句子合并成一个句子）
（三）汉译英
1.吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了
2.他昨天收到一封信
3.我父亲以前到过长城
4.她还没有看过那部新电影o.她去过上海
5.他这些天上哪儿去了？现在完成时专项练习
（二）I、用括号中动词的适当形式填空I.she（wait）for anhour yet
2.He（not finish）the workyet.
3.Li Ming（know）him sincethen.
1.1（receive）aletter frommybrotherrecently.
5.We（be）there manytimes.
6.How longyou（leam）English
7.Wang Ming（notread）thebookyet.
8.—Helive inthis citysinceheleave hishometown.-Whendid heleavethere—Heleavethere threeyears ago.
9.-His fatherbeinthe Partyforyears.--When hejointheParly-HejointheParty in
1996.
10.—Ilrainfor suchalongtime!-When itrain-Itrain3hours ago.
1.11alreadyseethefilm.Isee itlastweek.
12.—hefinish hiswork todayNotyet.
13.—yoube toHong Kong—Yes,Ibe theretwice.
14.一you evereatchocolatesundaes圣代？一No,never.
15.My fatherjustcome backfrom work.Heis tirednow.
16.—Wheres LiMing—Hegoto theteachersoffice.
17.Shanghai bea smalltownhundreds ofyearsago.Now itbecomealarge city.
1..1work heresince Imovehere in
1999.
19.So farImakequiteafew friendshere.
20.—Howlong theWangsstay here—For twoweeks.Ik句型转换每空一词have beento Macau before.改为否定句Ibeen toMacaubefore.
2.Hehasnt cometo schoolbecausehes ill.就划线部分提问hecome toschool
3.Hehas learnedEnglish for5years.就划线部分提问helearned English
4.1bought anewbikejust now.用just改写Ijusta newbike.
5.Wcbegan tolearnEnglish threeyearsago.改为同义句We Englishthreeyears.HI、填入has/havebeen或has/havegone.
1.Harry Isawyou inAnnabels Restaurantlast night.Diana No,it wasntme.Inever there.
2.Sam SallyandTim areonholiday,arent theyWhere theySue ToFlorida,again.Sam Howmany timestheythereSue Thisistheirthird visit.
3.Joe CanIhave anapple,pleaseMary Wehaventgot any.Inot toheshops today.
4.Alan WheresTonyMary Hesgot aheadache,so heto bed.
5.Steve CanIspeak toJill,pleaseLynn Shesout.Im afraid.Shetothe cinemathisevening.Steve AgainShealreadyto thecinemathreetimes thisweek..IV、用for或since填空
1.Jillhas beenin IrelandMonday.
2.Jillhas beeninIreland threedays.
3.My aunthaslivedinAustralia15days.
4.Margaret isin heroffice.Shehas beenthere7oclock.
5.India has been anindependent country
1974.
6.The busislate.Weve beenwaiting20minutes.
7.Nobody livesin thosehouses.They have been emptymany years.
8.Mikehas beenillalong time.Hehas beeninhospital October.
9.Shehas beenhere lastWednesday.
10.Wehave studiedEnglishtwoyears.
11.Hehas livedhere heleftShanghai.
12.They haveknowneach otheraboutfive months.
13.MissZhao hasworkedinthefactory tenyearsago.现在完成时专项练习
三一、用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1.hewait foranhouryet
2.Inot finishtheworkyet.
3.Ybu knowhimsincehen.
4.Ihearfrom myfather recently.
5.Webehere manytimesduring hepastthreeyears.
6.Howlongyou stayat home
7.She notread thebookbefore.
8.Ijustdo it.
9.My sisterwalk toschoolevery daylast year.
10.Hermother gotoShanghai.She leavethismorning.
11.—He livein thiscitysinceheleavehis hometown.—Whenhe leavethere—Hethere threeyearsago.
12.一His motherbein thePartyforages.—Whenshe jointheParty—ShetheParly in
1996.
13.In Englishclass,Li MingstudyEnglishwords everyday.Yesterday westudytheword exam.Theystudy thewordexam already,andnowthey canuse it!
14.My mothertellmethestory before.
15.Mrs.Brownteach usalotabout socialstudies sinceSeptember.
16.Theyoung manwritethree booksinthepasttwoyears.All ofthemarc verypopular.Hewritethe firstonein
2001.
17.Shepaintpictures fortenyears.
二、选择填空
1.Jimhasmademanyfriendssinceheto China.A.cameB.comesC.has comeD.will comeThe2002WorldCup SoccerMatch forover20days sinceMay31st.A.has begunB.lastedC.beganD.has lasted—Do youknowhim well—Sure.Wefriends sincetenyearsago.A.wereB.have beenC.have becomeD.have madeMyparentsShandongfor tenyears.A.have beeninB.havebeen toC.have gonetoD.havebeen—Howlong haveyou thebook—For aweek.A.borrowed B.keptC.lentD.boughtMissWuhas taughtin theschool.A.fortenyears B.tenyearsago C.sincetenyears D.ten yearsHehas forthreeor fourdays.A.got aheadacheB.fallen illC.caught acoldD.had acoughDavid hasChinafor5years.A.been toB.cometoC.arrived inD.been inMothermeanewcoat yesterday.1iton.It fitsmewell.A.hadmade...havetriedB.made...havetriedC.hasmade...triedD.made...tried“Hetodrawhorsesalready.“Whenhelearn^^**Last year”A.learned...hasB.learned...did C.has learned...hasD.has learned...did.Tom upintothetree.Look,he highupthere!A.has got...isB.has climbed...isC.got...was D.climbed...isyou thetextyetYes,we ittwo hours ago.A.Did...copy...did B.Have...copied...have C.Have...copied...did D.Did...copy...hadyou thefilmbefore Whereyou itA.Have...seen...did...seeB.Did...see...did...watchC.Have...seen...have...seenD.Did...sec...have...seen
2.Youmewaiting fortwohours.Ifor yousince five.A.kept...waitedB.havekept...waited C.kept...havewaitedD.havekept...havewaitedWhereJohnTbthelibrary.Hetherefor anhour.A.has...been...has goneB.has...gone...has beenC.did...go...went D.did...be...wentthe babystillNo,it crying.A.Has...cried...has stoppedB.Is...crying...stoppedC.Did...cry...stoppedD.Is...crying...has stopped1theway.Ihere forquitemanyyears.A.knew...have livedB.knew...live C.know...have livedD.know...liveyou everAmericaYes,Ihave.A.Havc...gonetoB.Have...gone inC.Have...beentoD.Have...been inMybrothercollege fbroverthreeyears.A.has gonetoB.has beentoC.has beeninD.has beenatJohntheresince hewentthere.A.workedB.has workedC.workedD.worked练习答案现在完成时与中考试题全国历届中考试题Keys:1—5cabbc6-10ddcca11-15bbbab深圳市历届中考试题Keys:DCBAABCABD现在完成时专项练习
（一）
一、单项选择
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好）,ever（曾经）,never（从来，也不;从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用故2应选B
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），sofar（到目前为止），inthepast/44last+一段时间”等时间状语连用因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的故4应选D.
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for+时间段或since+过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）故6应选C
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），threetimes（三次），severaltimes（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用故8应选B
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yeslerday Jastweek,a momentago等）连用故9的正确答案为B
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替故11的正确答案依次为D
12、B
13、A
14、C
15、Ao
16、“have/has goneto+地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）“，指主语所指的人不在这儿“have/has beenin+地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用“have/hasbeento+地点表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）“故16的正确答案为A
1、has he
2、Howlong
3、died,hasbeendead
4、has beenopened
5、hasbeenaway for
6、joined；ago
7、Its,since
8、Thebus hasbeenherefortenminutes.
三、汉译英
17、A
18、D
19、C
20、C
二、句型转换I、Jimhas finisheddoinghis homeworkalready.He isfree now.
2、Hereceived aletteryesterday.
3、Myfather hasbeen totheGreatWall before.。
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