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名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句名词性从句在复合句中能担任:主语、宾语、Noun Clauseso表语、同位语等名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
一、引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句的引导词可分为三类、从属连词个15无词义，在从句中不做成分表明从句的确定性，在宾语从句或表语从句中有时可以省略1that that有词义，在从句中不做成分均表示“是否”之意,表明从句内容的不确定性不可以省略2whether,if whether,if均表示“好像”，“似乎”之意在从句中不做成分、连接代词个what,whatever,who,3as if,as though29whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever,有词义，在从句中做成分，不可以省略who whatwhich在从句中做主语、宾语、其中what指代没有范围的事物，which指代有范围的事物，表“选择哪一个〃whom做宾语whose做定语、连接副词个有词义，在从句中做状语，不用以省略
二、37when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however主语从句主语从句作主语的从句叫主语从句考点
一、主语从句引导词无词义，在主语从句中不做成分，不可省略thatThat hedislikes themovie is none ofmy business.翻译为“是否”，在从句中不做成分，不可省略
1.whether:1Whether he will comeis unknown.2Whether spendingmoney toenhance employeesworking skillsis the most crucialinvestment thathas beendebatedheavily amongmanagers.由连接代词等引导的主语从句，连接代词需要3what,who,whom,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,whose在从句中做主语或者宾语，不可省略1Who will win hematch is still unknown.2What we should do is to make surethat positiveones areencouraged andnegative onesare eliminated.,由连接副词等关联词引导的主语从句，连接副词在句中不4when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however做成分，不可省略1It is known to us howhe becamea writer.2Where theEnglish eveningwill beheld hasnot yetbeen announced.3How thesefactors interactis stillunknown today and theyremain largelyunpredictable ina personslife.考点
二、做形式主语注意有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语代替主语从句作形式主语放于句it it首，而把主语从句置于句末主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式常用句型如下名词从句事实是非常荣幸1It+be++lhat It is afact that It is an honourthat•,是常识遗憾It iscommon knowledgethat・It is a pity that动词的过去分词+从句2H+be+ihai据说据报道It is said that It isreported that已经证明..人们认为It hasbeen provedthat It is believedthat.据猜测It issupposed that…3It+不及物动词vi+that从句似乎碰巧It seemsthatIt happened that似乎It appearsthat形容词+从句很自然4It+be+Ihat It is naturalthat...・・・奇怪的是…注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、It isstrange that…惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气二常用的句型有”should+doIt isnecessary important,natural,strange,etc.that...It issuggested requested,proposed,desired,etc.that...考点
三、作形式主语和引导强调句的比较
①作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句it itIt的连接词没有变化
②it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词ihal引导，被强调部分指人时也可用例如who/whomo）a It isapity that you didntgo to see thefilm.）b It doesnt interestme whetheryou succeedor not.）（强调句型）c It is in the morningthat themurder tookplace.）（强调句型）补充主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况d Itis Johnthat brokethe window.引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首1if…结构中的主语从句不可提前例如2Itissaid/reported正确表达错误表达Itissaid thatPresident Jiang will visitour schoolnext week.Thal PresidentJiangwillvisitour schoolnext weekissaid.叩…结构中的主语从句不可提前例如3Ithpens/occurs正确表达错误表达It occurredto himthat hefailed in the examination.That hefailed in the examinationoccurredto him.•…结构中的主语从句不可提前例如正确表达4Itdoesn*t matterhow/whethei It doesnt matterwhether heiswrong or not.错误表达Whether heis wrongor notdoesnt matter.⑸含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前例如正确表达Is it likely thatit will rain in the evening错误表达:Is thatwillrainin heevening likely注意与在引导主语从句时的区别what that引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语表语，而则不然例如what・that1What yousaid yesterdayis right.2That sheis stillalive isa consolation.练习.most companies and workforcerequire is not robots,but creativepeople thatbring advantagestoits development.
1.you cansucceed inmaking yourdrcam cometrue dependson hardwork morethan luck.
2.governments shoulddoisto createpolicies toencourage lowcarbon emission.
3.she couldget bettersuggestions andwould giveher betteradvide alsopuzzled her.
5.hs nosurprise ourteam haswon thegame.
6.Itisdecided themeeting will be put off nextMonday.参考答案:
三、表语从句l.what
2.whether
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4.where,who
5.that表语从句位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句That is why,in recentyears,there hasbeen agrowingbody ofopinion infavor ofputting moreresources intohealth.
1.What isof crucialimportance,in myopinion,is howwe dellne responsiblefor bringinghe childrenup”.
2.That isjust whatstudents woulddo during the processof activelearning.
3.That iswhy manyfamilies haveset aroutine tohave mealstogether at least oncea week.
4.The hicksmog coveredthe wholecity.Il wasas if/hough agreat blackblanket hadbeen thrownover it.注意当主语是时，表语从句要用是引导而不是例如reason albecauseThe reasonwhy he was latewas that he missed the trainby oneminute thismorning.练习Iki liketo startmy ownbusiness―thats Iddo ifI hadthe money.
1.The reasonwhy he didnt passthe examwas he was too careless.参考答案
四、同位语从句
1.what
2.that、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容同位语从句通常由引导，无词义，不在句子中做成分，不可1that that以省略、可用于同位语从句的名词有belief、advice demand、doubl（怀疑）、possibility thoughtproposak2case facthopeideainformation〉messagenewsorder problempromisequestion requestssuggestiontruth%wish word等例如1The newsthat wewon thegame isexciting.2I haveno ideawhen hewill comeback home.3The thoughtcame tohim haMary hadprobably fallenill.4The managerput forwarda suggestionthat wcshould havean assisstant.5Maybe thisalso led to thecase that she bacamefatter.、同位语从句与定语从句的区别定语从句中的既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分主语或宾语，31that而同位语从句中的是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分that定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词2性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明例如他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国第一个1The newsthat hetold meis that Tom would go abroadnext year.that引导的从句是定语从句，在从句中作宾语汤姆将出国的消that2The newsthat Toniwouldgoabroad istold byhim.息是他讲的同位语从句，在句中不作任何成分
五、宾语从句宾语从句接在介词和动词后面的从句叫宾that语从句考点
一、宾语从句引导词.由从属连词引导的宾语从句在句中不担任任何成分，不需翻译，常被省去1that thatHehas toldme that hewillgo toShanghai tomorrow.Wc mustnever thinkthat wcarc goodin everythingwhile othersarc goodin nothing.注意在要求、命令、、、坚持，期望，督促,demand ordersuggest decideinsist desireurge advise,propose建议，命令，等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常require,request,command doubt用“+动词原形二例如should1insist thatshe shoulddo herwork alone.The commanderordered thattroops shouldset offat once.由从属连词或引导的宾语从句翻译为“是否”，不可省略属e wonderedif/whether centurieswhetherifof divingcould haveledto the evolutionof physicalcharacteristics thatmade thetask easierfor them.1There isdebate,however,over whetherhis isuseful tocompaniesandto individuals.注意只能用不能用的情况whether,if引导主语从句并在句首时a.引导表语从句时；b..引导从句作介词宾语时；C从句后有时；d.“or not”后接动词不定式时；e.£在后只能用discuss whetherWhetherthere islife on the moonis aninteresting question.1Everything dependson whetherwe haveenough money.2I wonderwhether hewill come ornot.3Can youtell mewhether to go orto stay.由连接代词等引导的宾语从句，连接代词需要2what,who,whom,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,whose在从句中做主语或者宾语，不可省略1Also,it givesour parentsmore timeto dowhat theylike andit improvesthe familyrelationships.2Now theroute isno longerused forinternational tradebut manystories ofwhat happenedon theancient roadremain.3Every yeanwhoever makesthe most beautiful kite willwin a prize in the Kite Festival.4Your supportis importantto ourwork.Whatever youcan dohelps.5She willgive whoeverneeds helpa warmsupport..由连接副词等关联词引导的宾语从句，连接副词在句中3when,where,whv,how,whenever,wherever,however不做成分，不可省略1She alwaysthinks ofhow shecan workwell.2What puzzlesLilys friendsiswhyshe alwayshas somany crazyideas.3The poorman wasntable togive himany informationabout whereshe lived.4Well orbadly,I wroteatleasttwo pagesa day.This is how mynovel.The Lineof theSun,was finished.考点
二、宾语从句的时态.主现从变当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态）从句用一般现在时1I knowthat hestudies Englishevery day.）（）.（从句用一般过去时）2I knowthat hestudied Englishlast term）（）（从句用一般将来时）3I knowthat hewill studyEnglish nextyear.）（）（从句用现在完成时）.主过从过当主句动词是过去时态（4I knowthat hehas studiedEnglish since
1998.could,除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；would）1He said thathewould waitfor usat theairport.）2I came to believethatIcould do nothing aboutmy weight.）3The teachertold usthatTomhad leftus fbrAmerica..客观真理一般现当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态1）1The teachersaidthatthe sunrises from the eastand setsin thewest.）（练习2Scientists haveproved hatthe earthturns aroundthe sun.
1.The weatheris fine.Tm surewe cango campingthis afternoon.
2.Alice arrivedatshethought wasa wonderland.
3.The exhibitiontells usweshoulddo somethingto stopair pollution.
4.I thinkmy fatherwould liketo knowPve beenup toso far,so Idecide tosend hima quicknote.
5.Police havefound appearsto be the lostancient statue.
6.Itisestimated that
12.79million newurban jobshave beencreated thisyean whichalmost doublesitwas lastyear.
7.The companiesare working together tocreate theyhope willbethe best meansof transportin the21stcentury.
8.Everyone faceschallenges inlife.Ifs amatter of you learnto overcomethem anduse themto youradvantage.
9.Figuring outin advancewcTc goingto copewith majorproblems duringthe vinisoutbreak helpsus workefficiently.
10.People from the southfind itdifficult tounderstand peoplefrom thenorth arcsaying.
11.—The hillsidevillage remainsprimitive andunspoiled.一That explainspeople desireto exploresuch aremote place.
12.Im wonderingyou couldhelp mewith myhomework.
13.He askedhandwriting wasthebest.
14.Can youtell methe No.3bus stopis
15.1dont knowthe trainis late.
1..1am notsure ismore frightened,meorthe littleboy.
17.Do youknow hewill stopworkingMaybe at12:00pm.参考答案
18.Please decidewe willgo nextmonth,Canada orother countries（I.
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18.where）将等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语1think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式我想我并不认识你I dontthink Iknow you.我相信他不回来I dontbelieve hewill come.注意若谓语动词为宾语从句中的否定词不能转移hope,我想你没有生病吧I hopeyou werentill.）将叩等后的从句的否定转移到前面2seem,pearIt doesntseem thatthey knowwhere togo.看来他们不知道往哪去Itdoesntappear thatwell havea sunnyday tomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定3I dontremember havingever seensuch a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人（否定动名词短语）not having...Its nota placewhere anyonewould expecttoseestrange charactersonthestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人（作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式）anyone）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前4（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食The antisnotgathering thisfor itselfalone.（否定状语）他并不因亚里斯多德说He was not readyto believesomething justbecause Aristotlesaid so.because过如何如何，就轻信此事（否定状She hadnot beenmarried many weeks whenthat mansyounger brothersaw herand wasstruck byher beauty.语）她结婚还不到几个星期，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷manyweeks练习
1.Its rainingdayandnight.Theres nodoubt thesports meetwillbeputoff.
2.He studiedhard.wasnowonder hewas admittedto atop university.
3.50me childrenwant toimprove hemselvesby learninga languagedifferent fromtheir parentsspeakat home.
4.1fyoutake alook aroundyour kitchenor office,chances areyoull noticethatyouare surroundedbyplastic waterbodies,take-out cups,plastic grocerybags andfood packages.
5.The thoughtcametohim maybehe shouldhave saidsorry tohis father.
6.makes thisshop differentis thatit offersmore personalservices.
7.She ishappy for her sonhas achievedin literature.
8.The reasonwhy hewas absentfromthemeeting washewasdelayed bythe accident.
9.isknownto allis thatsmoking doesharm toour health.
10.you don*tlikehim isnone ofmy business.
11.Can youfind theanswer tothe questionwas wrongwith thecomputer
12.However,its notjust whenyou eatthat matters,but youeat alsomatters.
13.Part of the reasonwhy CharlesDickens lovedhis ownnovel,David Copperfield,was itwas rathercloselymodeled onhisown life.
14.He stayedup toolate anddidnt getup onlime.Thals hemissedtheschool bus.
15.Jim saidthere wasno clearevidence shehad tolda lie.
16.The reasonwhy hefailed ishewastoocareless.
17.The mostpleasant thingoftherainy seasonis onecan beentirely freefrom dust.
1.1impressed memost inmy seniorhigh schoollife wasthe friendshipamong classmates.
1.2Itisshocking thatsome investmentbanks evenjudge candidateson theywear brownshoes.
20.Please tellme youare gettingalong withyour newclassmates.
21.Every year,makes hemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.22Janc movedaimlessly downthe tree-lined street,not knowingshe washeading.
23.The factshe workshard iswell knowntousall.LI1was deeplytouched andinspired byhe said.
25.No oneknows effectsthe GMmaterial mighthave onthe foodchain.
26.They areworkingtogethertomake they thinkis thebest product.
27.Thats Iwant toknow.
1.11n fact,no oneknows forsure itwas thatmade himgive upthis opportunity.
1.15snodoubt thatgrades haveimproved andinterest ineducation hasrevived.
30.Amy didntknow was that herkindness wouldset offa chainreaction.
31.surprised usmost wasthathewas awardedall thethree medalsinthecontest.
32.ril givethe ticketsto wantsit.
33.We shouldrespect foodand thinkabout peoplewho donthave wehave hereand treatfood nicely.
34.surprised mewasthathedidvery wellintheexam.
35.According tothe hotefsgeneral manageronce toldus,a triptothewoods issomething ofa traditioninthearea.
36.isapitythatthe industrialcities builtinthenineteenth centurydonotattract visitors.
37.What thedoctors reallydoubt ismy motherwill recoverfromtheserious diseasesoon.
1.1interests methemostishoweverything isconnected altogetherin randomways.39・—You cantimagine fantasticfun webchatting is.一Really Butit maycause alot oftrouble sometimes.
40.The studentsreturned toschool witha senseof achievement,a feelingthey helpedpeople inneed.
41.While theyare rarenorth of88°,there isevidence theyrange allthe wayacross theArctic,and asfar southas JamesBay inCanada.
42.These3000-year-old symbols,jiaguwen,were carvedon turtleshells orbones ofanimals,and cangive usinsight intoancientChinese sawthe worldaround hemand intotheir greatcreativity.
43.Experts thinkthey migratedfrom isnow Russiaacross aland bridgecalled theBering Straitduringthelast IceAge.
44.Cobb,for herparty,started to ask conferenceorganizers whoinvited herto speakshe coulddo soremotely.
45.we willspend oursummer holidayisstilluncertain now,but Ipersonally hopetogotoaseaside city.
46.After havingfailed somany timesin jobinterviews,Im startingto secthe problemlies.
47.The mostexciting momentforherwas shefinally gotthe joboffer.
48.This isanother proofhe killedaman.
49.lt alsoraises questionsabout Europeangovernments arcdoing enoughto keepup andcare forsuch buildings.5O.As naturalarchitects,he PuebloIndians figuredout exactlythick headobe wallsneeded tobe tomakethecycle workonmost days.参考答案
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