人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案

人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案9防火墙是网络网关服务器上的一组相关程序10公式被输入到单元格后，就立即计算了REx.53将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1bandwidth2transfer3point4expressed5bytes6modem7sustain8communications9slower10bottleneckKEx.63根据课文内容填空1share information and resources2a flexibledata communicationsystem3an infrastructurenetwork,an ad-hoc network,access points,direct communications,stations locatedneareach other4the portablecomputer5it permitsa computeror otherdevice tosend andreceive data from externalsources6the transmitter,receiver,associated circuitry,a basebandsignal to the transmitter,the radioreceiver7mobile computerdevices,physical access to aland linecommunication port8a modulator/demodulator portion a baseband processing unitor basebandchip,a centralprocessing unitCPU,processor,an interface9establishing acommunication link,a gateway,the Internet10a typeof relaystation,amplifies,the basestation of a radionetwork第八单元，KEx.13根据课文内容回答问题1An objectis asoftware bundleof relatedstate andbehavior.2In objectorientedprogramming,a classis atemplate definitionof themethods andvariables in aparticular kind of object.3•A classcan havesubclasses that can inheritall orsome of the characteristics of the class.In relationtoeach subclass,theclassbecomes thesuperclass.•Subclasses canalso definetheir ownmethods andvariables that are notpart of their superclass.4The classhierarchy is the structureof a class andits subclasses.5In objectorientedprogramming OOP,inheritance is a featurethat representsthe is a relationshipbetweendifferent classes.Inheritance allowsa classto havethe samebehavior as another classand extendortailor thatbehavior toprovide specialaction forspecific needs.6An interfaceis a contract betweenaclassand the outside world.Interfaces formacontractbetweenthe classand theoutside world,and thiscontract isenforced atbuild timeby thecompiler.7A packageis anamespace thatorganizes relatedclasses and interfaces in a logicalmanner.8Because softwarewritten in the Java programming languagecan becomposed ofhundreds orthousands ofindividualclasses,it makessense to keep thingsorganized byplacing relatedclasses andinterfaces intopackages.9Object orientedprogramming OOPis aprogramming languagemodel organizedaround objects”ratherthan actionsand datarather thanlogic.10The conceptof dataclasses allowsa programmerto createany newdata typethat is not alreadydefinedin thelanguage itself.KEx.23根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1object2class3procedure4prototype5characteristic6inherit7hierarchy8bookmark9manipulate10messageREx.33把下列句子翻译为中文1可以通过点击选定文本之外的任何位置或按任一方向键来取消选定2到了19世纪50年代后期，许多人在研究人工智能，大部分都在研究编程计算机3人工智能是制造智能机器、特别是制作智能计算机程序的科学和工程学4在打开或执行一个新程序或其他包含可执行代码的文件之前，先扫描病毒，无论它们来自哪里5它也可以放大载波信号、接收数据包或许在网络堵塞期实现缓冲及发送数据6视频卡的内存越大，图形处理器的速度越快，玩游戏或运行精细图形设计软件时的显示效果就越好7只要两个计算机能够辨认同一协议，它们就能够在同一网络中或者通过调制解调器不费力气地通信，而且不管它们是否属于同一类型8C语言的研制始于19世纪70年代初期9BASIC最大的问题是可移植性差10CPU和内存通常在主板上Bx.53将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1environment2enforces3single4servers5applet6interact7compiler8executable9dynamic10interpretation KEx.63根据课文内容回答问题1Computer graphicsis asubfield of computer scienceand isconcerned withdigitally synthesizingandmanipulating visualcontent.2A broadclassification ofmajor subfieldsin computergraphics mightbe:•Geometry:studies ways to represent andprocesssurfaces•Animation:studies withwaystorepresentandmanipulate motion•Rendering:studies algorithmsto reproducelight transport•Imaging:studies imageacquisition orimage editing3Because theappearance of an objectdepends largelyon theexterior of the object,boundaryrepresentations are most commonin computergraphics.4constructive solidgeometry;discrete differentialgeometry;digital geometryprocessing;point-basedgraphics;subdivision surfaces;out-of-core meshprocessing.5The subfieldof animationstudies descriptionsfor surfacesand otherphenomena thatmove ordeformover time.6•Performance capture•Character animation•Physical simulatione.g.cloth modeling,animation offluid dynamics,etc.7Rendering convertsa modelinto animage eitherby simulatinglight transportto getphysically-basedphotorealistic images,or byapplying somekindofstyle asin non-photorealistic rendering.8The twobasic operationsin realisticrendering aretransport howmuch lightgets from one placetoanother andscattering howsurfaces interact with light.9•physically-based rendering-concerned withgenerating imagesaccording to the laws of geometricoptics.•real timerendering-focuses onrendering forinteractive applications,typically usingspecializedhardware.•non-photorealistic rendering.•relighting-recent areaconcerned withquickly re-rendering scenes.10One of the firstdisplays of computer animationwas Futureworld1976,which includedan animationof a humanface andhand-produced byEd Catmu11and FredParke at the Universityof Utah.第七单元，REx.13根据课文内容回答问题1In computing,a databasecan bedefined as a structuredcollection ofrecords ordata that is storedin a computerso that aprogramcan consultit to answer queries.2The computerprogram used to manageand querya databaseis known as adatabase managementsystem DBMS.3The termdatabase“originated within the computingdiscipline.4Typically,for agiven database,there is a structuraldescription of the typeof factsheld in thatdatabase:this descriptionis knownas aschema.The schemadescribes theobjects that are representedinthe database,and therelationships amongthem.5The modelin mostcommon usetoday is the relationalmodel.6Many professionalsconsider acollection of data toconstitute adatabase onlyif ithas certainproperties:for example,if the data ismanaged toensure itsintegrity andquality,if itallows sharedaccess byacommunity ofusers,if ithas aschema,or ifit supportsa querylanguage.However,there isno agreeddefinitionof theseproperties.7Yes,a greatdeal of the internalengineering of a DBMSis independentof thedata model.It isconcernedwith managingfactors such as performance,concurrency,integrity,and recoveryfrom hardwarefailures.8The flator tablemodel consists of a single,two-dimensional arrayof dataelements,where allmembersof agiven columnare assumedto besimilar values,and allmembers ofa roware assumedto berelated tooneanother.9In ahierarchical model,data isorganized into a tree-like structure,implying a single upwardlinkin eachrecord todescribe thenesting,and asort fieldtokeepthe recordsin aparticular orderin eachsame-level list.10Three keyterms areused extensivelyin relational database models:relations,attributes,and domains.Users orprograms requestdatafrom a relationaldatabase bysending ita querythatiswritten ina speciallanguage,usually adialect ofSQL.KEx.23根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1loop2query3property4model5failure6index7link8attribute9filter10locateKEx.32把下列句子翻译为中文1便携式电脑膝上型电脑是微型计算机，小得足以放在膝盖上使用2公式被输入在电子表格的单元格中并必须以等号“二”开头3打印机的主要类型有点阵式、菊瓣轮式、喷墨式和激光打印式4阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作5超文本标识语言是表示网页的最常用的语言.6记录元素代表不同类型的信息，可以通过名字访问7在数值计算和计算机应用中，矩阵用于组织表格形式的数据8在因特网中，一个节点或一个止点都可以是网关节点或主端点节点9反向环是由两个相反方向的环构成的环型拓扑10在最简单的网络中，无须用交换机来发送和接收网内的消息REx.52将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1collection2accessed3updated4types5organizational6relational7reorganized8distributed9network10classesEx.62根据课文内容填空1all typesof anomalies,in thedomain/key normalform2hierarchical3object databases4PICK akaMultiValue,MUMPS5a sortedlist of the contentsof someparticular tablecolumn6matching somecriterion7atomicity,consistency,isolation,durability8improve performanceor availabilityof thewhole databasesystem,Master/Slave Replication,Quorum,andMultimaster9the entirerange ofcomputer software,large multi-user applications10JDBC,ODBC第六单元，KEx.13根据课文内容回答问题1C is a computerprogramming language.That meansthat youcan useC to create listsof instructionsfora computer to follow.2Yes,it is.It haswon widespreadacceptance because it givesprogrammers maximumcontrol andefficiency.3This meansthat onceyou writeyour C program,you mustrun itthrough aC compilerto turnyour programinto an executablethat the computer canrun.4The formof the Cprogramis thehuman-readable form.5If youare using a UNIXmachine,the Ccompiler is available forfree.6A widely used commercialcompiler isMicrosoft Visual C++environment whichcompiles bothC andC++programs.No,unfortunately,this programcosts severalhundred dollars.7If youmistype the program,it eitherwill not compile orit willnot run.8If theprogram doesnotcompileor doesnot runcorrectly,edit itagain andsee whereyou wentwrongin yourtyping.Fix theerror andtry again.9The wayyour programremembers thingsis byusing variables.A variablehas aname inthis case,band atype inthis case,int,an integer.10In C,there areseveral standardtypes forvariables.They areint-integer wholenumber values,float-floating pointvalues andchar-single charactervalues such as mor Z.KEx.23根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1string2prompt3form4compilation5quit6symbol7block8variable9return10microcomputerKEx.3』把下列句子翻译为中文1大部分通用计算机是桌面系统2学会熟练地操作电脑不容易3通过使用键盘上的方向键移动光标4BIOS检查看是冷启动还是重新启动5Java字节代码帮助实现了“一次写成，到处可用”6输入计算机的文本通常显示在光标位置7Windows的文件名及文件夹名可以包含多达250字符8操作系统OS是最先装入计算机的软件9免费软件是无附加任何条件的可以免费使用的软件10网桥有时也和路由器结合在一起，组成叫做桥式路由器的产品KEx.52将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1widely2applications3community4written5standardized6popularity7replaced8superset9concepts10similar KEx.63根据课文内容回答问题1C++isageneral purposeprogramming languageinvented in the early1980s byBjarne Stroustrupat BellLabs.2The purposeof C++is toprecisely definea seriesof operationsthata computer canperform toaccomplisha task.3It meansthey haveto betold exactlywhat todo andthis isdefined by the programming language youuse.Once programmed,they canrepeat thesteps asmany timesas youwish atvery high speed.4It canput data into adatabase orpull itout,display highspeed graphicsinagame orvideo,controlelectronic devicesattached to the PCor evenplay music and/or sound effects.5No,they tendto bedone invariants ofBasic.6The answer:almost none.It isa nearlyuniversal programminglanguage andcan befound onmostmicrocomputers,and all the wayup tobig computerscosting millionsof dollars.7•Download andInstall BorlandTurbo C++Explorer•Download andInstall MicrosoftVisualC++2005Express Edition•Download andInstall OpenWatcom C/C++Compiler8Yes,there is.Because opensource codecan beviewed andused byanyone.9The topthree most popular programming languages accordingto thequarterly Tiobe.com surveyare Java,C andC++.10You needto beartistic orhave anartist friend.You11also needmusicand soundeffects.Unit1KEx.13根据课文内容回答问题1A general-purpose computerhas fourmain sections.They arethe arithmeticand logicunit ALU,thecontrol unit,the memory,and theinput andoutput devices,collectively termedI/O.They areinterconnectedby busses,often madeof groupsof wires.2The controlunit is often calleda controlsystem orcentral controller.3•Read thecode for the nextinstruction from the cellindicated by theprogram counter.•Decode thenumerical codeforthe instruction intoa setof commandsor signalsfor eachoftheothersystems.•Increment theprogramcounterso itpoints to the nextinstruction.•Read whateverdata theinstruction requiresfrom cellsin memory,or perhapsfrom aninput device.Thelocation ofthis requireddata istypically storedwithintheinstruction code.•Provide thenecessary datatoan ALU orregister.•If theinstruction requiresanALUor specializedhardware tocomplete,instruct thehardware to performthe requestedoperation.•Write theresult fromthe ALUback toa memorylocation ortoaregister orperhaps anoutput device.•Jump backtothefirst step.4The twoclasses ofoperations ALUis capableof performingare arithmeticand logic.5Logic operationsinvolve Booleanlogic:AND,OR,XOR andNOT.6A computer,s memorycan beviewed asa listof cellsinto whichnumbers can be placedor read.Each cellhasa numberedaddress andcan storeasinglenumber.7The twoprincipal varietiesofcomputermain memoryare random access memoryor RAMand read-only memoryorROM.8In aPC,the specializedprogram calledthe BIOSorchestrates loadingthe computer,s operating systemfrom thehard disk drive intoRAM wheneverthe computeris turnedon orreset.9Software thatis storedinROM isoften calledfirmware becauseit isnotionally morelike hardwarethan software.10I/O is the meansby whicha computerreceives informationfromtheoutside worldand sendsresults back.KEx.23根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1input2microprocessor3program4bus5hardware6memory7output8cell9register10addressKEx.33把下列句子翻译为中文1他进城的目的是买一台新计算机2大多数在线服务都有自己的浏览器3软盘可以是双倍密度的或者高密度的4公式包括单元的地址5C语言也许最适宜被称为“中级语言”6每一个浏览器都有内置的功能来理解HTML7C语言是世界上最流行的计算机语言之一8Java技术既是一种编程语言，也是一个平台9实际上，一个视窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系统的图形用户界面10数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求HEx.52将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1hardware2operate3device4other5effective6moving7considered8designer9exists10speedKEx.63根据课文内容回答问题2The computer enclosure isused toprotect the components andcircuitry housedtherein fromphysical damage,and toprevent e1ectromagnetic signalsgenerated bycomponents ofthe computer from escapingand causinge1ectromagnetic interferenceEMI toother electronicdevices inthe vicinityofthe computer.3A typicalcomputerenclosureincludes achassis,an expansioncard seat,a frontbezel and a pluralityofcomponents connectable to externalapparatus andsystems.4A generalcomputer system is basicallybuilt witha motherboard,interface cardsand peripherals.5The motherboardis thephysical arrangementthat containsthe system,s basiccircuitry andcomponents.6Memory isa semiconductorstorage devicefor holdingprograms ordata.There,re threebasic formsofmemories.They aredynamic storage,non-volatile memoryand static memory.In dynamicstorage,data mustbe constantlyrefreshed anddata areerased when power isno longer appliedto the cell.In non-volatile memory,data remainspermanently inthe celleven when power isnot applied,andinstaticmemorydata doesnot needto berefreshed butits datais lostwhenpower isnolongerappliedtothecell.7RAM differsfrom ROMinthatwhenpoweris disconnected from RAM,thedata stored inrandom access memoryis lostwhereas whenpowerisdisconnectedfromROM thedatastoredin read only memoryremains.8ROM canbe furthercategorized intoa programmableread onlymemory PROM,erasable programmablereadonly memoryEPROM,and electricallyerasable programmablereadonlymemory EEPROM.Whereas,RAM canbefurther categorizedintoastatic randomaccessmemorySRAM and a dynamicrandomaccessmemory DRAM.9A computerdata processorisoftenreferred toasamicroprocessor.A microprocessorisacircuit thatcombinestheinstruction-handling,arithmetic,and logicaloperations ofa computeronasingle semiconductorintegratedcircuit.Microprocessors canbe groupedinto twogeneral classes,namely general-purposemicroprocessors andspecial-purpose microprocessors.10A harddisk driveHDD isa device that storesor reproducesdataina desiredstorage locationby movingitsmagnetic headtothedesired locationinahead loadstate.The harddiskdriveis standardequipmentfor personalcomputer,server orindustrial computer.11Generally,the HDDis electricallyconnected witha motherboardofthecomputer bymeans ofa signalcable assembly anda powercableassemblyinterconnected betweenthe motherboardand theswitching powersupply.Unit2KEx.12根据课文内容回答问题1A cathode ray tubeCRT displaysa pictureby displayinga pluralityof pixelsonascreen usingelectriccharges whichare dischargedfrom acathoderaytube andimpact afluorescent plate.2CRT monitorsare largeand bulkydue tothe largevacuum tubesthat enclosethe cathodeand extendfromthe cathodetothefaceplate ofthe display.Additionally,CRTs requirea relativelyhigh voltagepower supplytosufficiently accelerateelectron beamsfor displayingimages.3The flatpanel displaymay includea liquidcrystal displayLCD,a plasmadisplay panelPDP,an organiclightemitting displayOLED,andafield emissiondisplay FED,etc.4A printeris animage formationdevice whichreceives datafroma host computer and thenforms acorrespondingimage ontoa recordablemedium such asasheet ofpaper.5Dot-impact printer,inkjet printer,laser printer,and thermalprinter themostpopularprinters.6Inkjet printinghas gainedwide acceptanceby consumersintheprinting industrybecauseit is fastinprinting speedand isa relativelyinexpensive formof printingand yetit produceshigh resolutionprintedimages.7The laserprinter hasadvantageous operatingcharacteristics oflow noise,highspeedand highresolution.8A soundcard oftenincludes apowerful numericprocessor,suchasa digitalsignal processorDSP,whichcan performfrequency modulationsynthesis forthe variousfunctions ofthe soundboard.9In typicalnetworks,computer systemsuse NICsto enablethem tocommunicate overnetworks withothercomputer systems.10A networkinterface cardtypically providesa physicalconnection betweenahostanda network ornetworks,as wellas providingmedia accesscontrol MACfunctions thatallow thehost toaccess the network ornetworks.KEx.22根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1screen2monitor3pixel4cathode5faceplate6voltage7reciprocate8continuous9resolution10characterKEx.33把下列句子翻译为中文1操作系统是管理计算机资源的程序2典型的计算机数据库包括数据记录和文件的集合3压缩过的文件通常要使用像PKZip或WinZip这样的实用工具软件解压4只通过行号和列标如“A1”来调用单元格称作相对引用5软盘不能保存太多的数据，但绝大多数计算机都能够读取它们的信息6万维网涉及因特网上所有可以公共访问的文档7数据库管理系统允许用户对安全性和数据完整性请求进行控制8要执行数学运算，函数比公式更有效9在更大的网络中，从一个交换点到另一个交换点的旅行被称为“中继”10统一资源定位符基本上就是赋给浏览器的一个文件的地址KEx.52将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1laser2mix3layers4heat5cooled6become7controlling8reflect9absorb10digital11results12reformedKEx.63根据课文内容填空1five,a majortechnological development2vacuum tubes,magnetic drums,very expensive,heat3machine language,one4UNIVAC,ENIAC computers5transistors,punched cards,printouts6symbolic,or assembly,languages,to specifyinstructions inwords,COBOL,FORTRAN7the integratedcircuit,a massaudience,smaller andcheaper8The microprocessor,asinglesilicon chip9IBM,198410artificial intelligence11Quantum computation,nanotechnology12natural languageinput,learning andseif-organizationUnit3KEx.13根据课文内容回答问题1Computer softwareconsistsofprograms.It enablesa computertoperformspecific tasks.The termincludesapplication software,system softwareand middleware.2A machinelanguage consistsof groupsof binaryvalues signifyingprocessor instructionsobject codes,which changethe stateofthecomputerfromits precedingstate.3System softwarehelps runthecomputerhardware and computer system.It includesoperating systems,devicedrivers,diagnostic tools,servers,windowing systems,utilities andmore.4Programming softwareusually providestools toassist aprogrammer inwriting computerprograms andsoftwareusing differentprogramming languagesinamore convenientway.The toolsinclude texteditors,compilers,interpreters,linkers,debuggers,and soon.5Application softwareallows endusers toaccomplish oneor morespecific non-computer relatedtasks.Typical applicationsinclude industrialautomation,business software,educational software,medicalsoftware,databases,andcomputergames.6They areplatform software,application softwareand usersoftware.7Platform softwareincludes thefirmware,device drivers,an operating system,and typicallya graphicaluserinterface.8Typical examplesof applicationsoftware areOffice suitesand videogames.9User softwareincludes spreadsheettemplates,word processormacros,scientific simulations,and scriptsforgraphics andanimations.10Instructions maybe performedsequentially,conditionally,or iteratively.Sequential instructionsarethose operationsthatare performed oneafter another.Conditional instructionsare performedsuch thatdifferentsets ofinstructions executedepending on the valuesofsome data.In somelanguages thisisknown asan ifstatement.Iterative instructionsareperformedrepetitively andmay dependon somedatavalue.This issometimes calleda loop.KEx.23根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1load2compile3value4instruction5interpret.6alphabet7assembler8utility9communication10programmerKEx.32把下列句子翻译为中文1机器语言由一些能被特殊处理器所理解的未加工的数字组成2任何一个特别病毒的实际效果取决于编写该病毒的程序员是如何编程的3几个月不升级的抗病毒软件面对当前的病毒不能提供什么保护4一般地说，内存以千字节或兆字节来度量，磁盘空间以兆字节或吉字节来度量.5超文本传输协议是浏览器自己的协议，一般用于传递HTML格式的文件6局域网是一个由相互接近的、特别是在一个房间内或一个建筑内的计算机连接起来的网络7对于移动用户来说，防火墙允许通过使用安全登录规程和鉴定证书来远程访问私有网络8从因特网用户的观点看，下载文件是从另一个计算机或从另一个计算机的网页上请求它并接收它9在1957年苏联发射了人造地球卫星之后，美国军事部门开始建立高级研究计划署ARPA以资助一些有时与军事含糊地相关的研究10通常一个芯片组被集成在一个芯片上REx.53将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1related2customers3fields4information5accessible6emphasis7mainframe8implies9method10directoryUnit4REx.13根据课文内容回答问题1An operatingsystemisthe coresoftware componentof your computer.It performsmany functionsand is,in verybasic terms,an interfacebetween yourcomputerand theoutsideworld.2It translatescommandsfrom the operatingsystemor userinto commandsunderstood bythe componentpart itinterfaces with.It alsotranslatesresponses fromthecomponentpart backto responsesthatcanbe understoodbythe operatingsystem,application program,or user.3System toolsprograms areused tomonitor computerperformance,debug problems,or maintainparts ofthesystem.4Because operating systems arewritten byhuman programmerswho canmake mistakes.5Errors inoperating systemscause threemain typesof problemsare systemcrashes andinstabilities,security flawsand malfunctions.6A systemcrash isthe actofasystem freezingand becomingunresponsive whichwould causethe usertoneed toreboot.7Unauthorized intrudersmay tryto usethese togain illegalaccesstoyour system.You shouldpatch theseflawsoften tohelp keepyourcomputer system secure.8There aremany typesof operating systems.The mostcommon isthe Microsoftsuite ofoperatingsystems...9Time-sharing systemscanbeclassified asmulti-user systems and single-user operatingsystems.Multi-user computeroperatingsystemsallow multipleusers toaccess acomputersystemsimultaneously whilesingle-user operatingsystems areusable byonly oneuser ata time.10Embedded operatingsystems aretheoperatingsystems designedfor beingused inembedded computersystems.They aredesigned tooperate onsmall machineslike PDAswith lessautonomy.KEx.23根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1install2command3translate4mistake5release6control7crash8instability9reboot10workstationKEx.32把下列句子翻译为中文1它把操作系统装入内存并启动操作系统2在计算机上，有两种基本项目需要组织3字体可以用于计算机屏幕显示和打印机的硬拷贝输出4光纤是一个可以传输光束的玻璃细丝5当你在键盘上输入时，这些字符和数字就出现在监视器上6内联网是私有网络许多内联网分散在世界各地7在计算机屏幕上，文件夹通常看上去像黄色或蓝色的纸文件夹8一旦完成源内容的编码，制作流媒体的过程就完成了.9从语法结构上说，一个域名包括用圆点隔开一系列名称标志10你在显示器上看到的视频质量取决于视频卡和你所选择的显示器HEx.53将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1loaded2boot3applications4use5requests6defined7interact8through9command10graphicalKEx.63根据课文内容填空1let anumber ofprogrammers accessthecomputeratthe same time2This real-time sharingof resources3medium-sized minicomputers4multitasking capability,multiuser capability,portability,UNIX programs,library ofapplicationsoftware5printing outone file,the useredits anotherfile6compartmentalizing thedocument,dont overridethe changesof anotheruser7permits itto movefromonebrand ofcomputertoanother8integral utilities,tools9the kernel,which schedulestasks andmanages storage,the shell,which connectsand interpretsusers*commands,calls programsfrom memory,and executesthem,the toolsand applicationsthat offeradditionalfunctionality totheoperatingsystem10the commanddriven BourneShell,theCShell nopun intended,menu-driven shellsUnit5KEx.12根据课文内容回答问题1A data structure isa specializedformat fororganizing andstoring data.General data structure typesincludethe array,the file,the record,the table,the tree,andsoon.2In computerprogramminglanguages,an arrayisagroup ofobjects withthesameattributes thatcan beaddressedindividually,using suchtechniques assubscripting.3Yes,it must.4Some operatingsystemsandapplications describefiles withgiven formatsby givingthem aparticularfile namesuffix.5The organizationofdataintherecord isusually prescribedbytheprogramminglanguagethat definestherecord,s organizationand/or bythe applicationthat processesit.6In computerprogramming,a table isadatastructureused toorganize information,just asitison paper.7In dataprocessing,a table,also calledan array,is anorganized groupingof fields.Tables maystorerelatively permanentdata,or maybe frequentlyupdated.8In arelationaldatabase,a table,sometimes calleda file,organizes theinformation abouta singletopicinto rowsand columns.9A decisiontable isoften calleda truthtable.It containsa listof decisionsandthecriteria onwhichthey arebased.10An HTMLtableisusedtoorganize Web page elementsspatially orto createastructurefor datathatis bestdisplayed intabular form,suchaslists orspecifications.KEx.22根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1interrupt2record3table4list5subscript6suffix7define8row9sector10sortKEx.33把下列句子翻译为中文1星型拓扑通常由双绞线实现，特别是非屏蔽双绞线°2视频卡是计算机的一部分，它把视频数据转换成你在显示器上能看到的可视信息3多用户操作系统允许不同的用户同时利用计算机资源4地址是因特网上信息网站、一个特定文件如网页或一个电子邮件用户的唯一位置5多年来,ARPA已经在计算机科学研究方面资助了许多项目，其中很多都对现代工艺水平有深远的影响6当然实际上，随着更复杂软件应用的出现，计算机语言只不过又产生了软件故障的新类型7计算机病毒是一个程序，当首次感染可执行文件或硬盘和软盘的系统区域后开始传播自己并制作自己的拷贝8当所有RAM都被使用了如许多程序同时打开，计算机就把数据交换到硬盘上，给用户的印象是好像还有些内存9编译程序忽略全部注释10你不用离开Word就可以用电子邮件发送你的文档KEx.53将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1database2random3records4leaves5end6beyond7nodes8two9power10depth第十单元，KEx.13根据课文内容回答问题1The Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPAoftheU.S.government conceivedInternet in1969and wasfirstknownasthe ARPANET.Its originalaim wastocreateanetworkthat wouldallow usersofaresearchcomputer atone universityto beableto“talk toresearch computersat otheruniversities.2The mostwidelyusedpart ofthe Internetisthe World Wide Web oftenabbreviated WWWor called“theWeb.Its outstandingfeature ishypertext,a methodof instantcross-referencing.3A browser is anapplication program that providesa wayto lookat andinteractwithalltheinformationon theWorld WideWeb.4Technically,an Internetbrowserisa clientprogramthat uses HTTPHypertext TransferProtocol tomakerequests ofservers throughoutthe Interneton behalfofthebrowser user.5A URListheunique addressfor afile thatis accessibleontheInternet.6Hypertext isthe organizationof informationunits intoconnected associationsthatauser canchooseto make.7TCP/IP TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocolisthebasic communicationlanguage orprotocolof theInternet.It canalso beused asa communicationsprotocol ina privatenetwork eitheran intranetoran extranet.8TCP/IP andthe higher-level applicationsthatuseit arecollectively saidto be“stateless”becauseeach clientrequest isconsidered anew requestunrelated toany previousone unlikeordinary phoneconversationsthat requirea dedicatedconnection forthe callduration.9HTTP isthe setof rulesfor transferringfiles text,graphic images,sound,video,and othermultimediafiles ontheWorldWideWeb.10Any Webserver machinecontains,in additiontotheWebpagefiles itcan serve,an HTTPdaemon,a programthatis designedto waitfor HTTPrequests andhandle themwhen theyarrive.KEx.22根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1permission2route3attack4adaptation5conversation6hypertext7phrase8button9browser10downloadKEx.33把下列句子翻译为中文1在两个网络之间有多条路径时，它也会选择最佳路径.2如果要把你的工作硬拷贝出来的话，打印机就是你计算机的基本部分3阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作4SQL是标准用户和应用程序与关系数据库的接口5变量作用域就是变量在源代码上有效的区域6注意目录自身也是文件，所以一个目录通常也可以包括其他目录7数据库是数据的集合，这些数据经过组织，检索起来就更容易、更有效8实时操作系统用来控制机械、科学仪器和工业系统9通常被删除的文件仍然存在，除非操作系统重新使用了那些包含删除信息的介质空间10尽管它的解释形式不是很快，但它的编译形式的速度却很快，往往可以与其他语言如C++相匹敌REx.53将下列词填入适当的位置每词只用一次1transceiver2receives3frequency4globally5voice6unique7multipoint8exchanged9scheme10verification第九单元，REx.13根据课文内容回答问题1A computernetwork iscomposed ofmultiple computersconnected togetherusingatelecommunication systemforthe purposeof sharingdata,resources andcommunication.2A personalarea networkPAN,local area network LAN,campus area network CAN,metropolitan areanetworkMAN,or wideareanetworkWAN.3By networklayer,connection method,functional relationship,network topology,services providedandprotocol.4A personalareanetworkPAN isacomputernetwork usedfor communicationamong computerdevicesincluding telephonesand personaldigital assistantsclose toone person.Personal areanetworks maybewired withcomputer busessuchasUSB andFireWire.5LAN standsfor LocalArea Network.Current LANsaremostlikely tobe basedon Ethernettechnology.The definingcharacteristicsofLANs includetheir muchhigher datatransfer rates,smaller geographicrange,and lackofaneed forleased telecommunicationlines.6It isa specificinternetwork,consisting ofa worldwideinterconnection ofgovernmental,academic,public,and privatenetworks basedupon theAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyNetwork ARPANETdevelopedby ARPAoftheU.S.Department ofDefense.7A networkcard isa piece ofcomputerhardware designedto allowcomputers tocommunicate overa computernetwork.8A hubisapieceofhardware whichprovides theconnectivity ofa segmentofanetwork by,directingtraffic throughthenetwork.9Switches arethe deviceof networkingthat directstraffic tothe correctnode byfiltering andforwardingpackets betweenNodes.10Routers arethe networkingdevicethatforwards datapackets alongnetworks byusing headersandforwarding tablesto determinethe bestpath toforward thepackets.KEx.23根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇1network2telecommunication3protocol4workgroup5hub6uplink7intranet8authorization9adapter10packetKEx.32把下列句子翻译为中文1桥式路由器是结合了路由器的网桥2没有什么能比计算机更好地体现现代生活3BIOS测定显卡是否可以使用4星型拓扑有何优点与缺点？5网络一般是指一组计算机共同工作6理想的情况是，定期备份整个系统7总线型拓扑把每个计算机节点连接到一个单段干线8通常高级语言都可以被解释或编译。