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一宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有连词that(that常可省略),whether,if代词who,whose,what,which副词when,where,how,why等
(一)引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合可以省略)that that可跟从句做宾语的动词有thatsay,th ink,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,be Ii eve,agree,admit,deny,expect,exp lain,order,command,fee I,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,requ ire,propose,dec Iare,report等例句The boybe Ii evesthat hewi I I trave I throughspace toother pI anetso注意事项当主句谓语动词是th ink,be Iieve,suppose,expect等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示例句l dont thinkit isr ightfor himto treatyou Iike that.在以下情况中不能省略that
1.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省例句He said(that)you weretoo youngto understandthe matterand thathe wasaskednot toteI Iyou.
2.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省例句:Just thenI noti ced,for thef irst time,that ourmaster waswear ing h i sfinegreen coatand hi sbI acksilk capo
3.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省例句I cantteI Ihim thathis motherdied.注意事项许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语例句I findit necessarythat we shouId dothe homework on time.
(二)由引导的宾语从句whether,if由whether(if)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的意思是“是否”宾语从句要用陈述句语序一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的.彳列句I wonderwhether(if)they wi I Icome toour party.只能用不能用引导的宾语从句whether,if
1.在带to的不定式前例句We decidedwhether towaIk there
2.在介词的后面例句Im thinkingof whether weshouIdgo tosee thef ilmo
3.在动词后面的宾语从句时例句We discussedwhetherwehad asports meetingnext week
4.直接与or not连用时例句I cantsay whetheror notthet cancome ontime只能用不能用引导的宾语从句if whether
1.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”份可句The studentswi II goon apicnic ifit issunnyo
2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句He askedif I didn tcome toschooI yesterdayo
3.引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时例句He ta I ksas if hehas knownaII aboutit
(三)连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序用于这种结构的动词常常是:see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等英语中的连接代词有who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语例句Can youteI Ime whomyou arewaiting for英语中的连接副词有when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分例句None ofus knowswhere thesenew parts can bebought0三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分例句如下
1.I dont knowwhat theyare Iook ing foro
2.CouId youtel Ime whenthe trainwiIIIeave
3.Can youimagine whatkind ofman heis四宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态例句The headmasterhopes everythinggoes well.
2.主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式.例句She wassorry thatshe hadntfinished herworkontime.
3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态例句Theteacher toIdhiscI assthat Ii ghttraveIs fasterthan sound.五宾语从句的特点
1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语
2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序
3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成份,多数情况下可以省略
4.whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语
5.如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it.。
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