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考点阅读理解31推理判断之写作方法（核心考点精讲精练）考情探究三年真题考点分布
1.7点题乱、推理判断之写作方法2021试卷类型设问考点阅读理解
2021.北京卷阅读D
32.The authorraises threequestions in写作方法Paragraph2mainly to________.
20202020.全国新课标m
32.What doesthe authorwant totell usby theexamples写作方法in paragraph
1201268.The authorexplains thelaw ofover learningby•写作方法.全国新高考山2020I东卷命题规律及备考策略
2.【命题规律】近年新高考卷对于阅读理解中没有对写作方法进行考查，这不意味着未来不会考查高考备考要充分3准备未来可能考的题，不是盲目追风必考考过的试题主要考查根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作手法推断写作方法的方法.通过分析文章内容，断定文章采用的写1作方法，即举例说明法、比较说明法、对比说明或论证法、设问引起读者注意等；.根据文章内容，如果是记叙文，2通常采用以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序（开端、发展、高潮、结局）等叙事方式进行写作也可能是倒叙的方法【备考策略】系统归类推断文章写作方法；熟练掌握阅读技能【命题预测】通过阅读理解中，推断文章写作方法考查考生的基本的写作技能，在新高考命题中很可能会出现推断文章写作方法的命题依据是新课程标准中要求学生掌握常见文章文体的写作方法因此，推断文章写作方法的推理判断题，有可能在年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的题型，应该倍加注意2024考点梳理年高考命题预测】[2023推理判断之写作手法考点是高考中的常考点作者在写作文章的时候总是要用一些写作手法，了解写作手法是学生阅读理解要掌握的内容之一做这类题时，我们可以借鉴中文的一些写作手法，在写作方法上它们是相通的预测在高考中，写作手法有可能会在高考阅读理解中呈现2023【推理判断之写作手法考点指南】规律方法Population trendssuggest that the demandfor robotsto workalongside peoplein caresituations willgrow overtime.By2050,the number of peopleaged65and overglobally willbe
1.6billion17%,roughly twicethe proportionof whatit is today.An extra
3.5million careworkers willbe neededand thatwill includeemotionally intelligentrobots.Todays simplesystems arebeing trainedto meetthat demand.This includesa littlewheeled robotthat canguess howyou arefeelingfrom theway youwalk,and therobot from the University of Lincolnin theUK-who helpselderly people to stayphysicallyand mentallyactive.The impactof social robots onour livesto datehas beentiny.But newmodels arebeing introducedthat couldmake thebreakthrough.Human emotionsare difficultto define,but astrust inrobots increases,breaking downthe psychologicalbarrierbecomes easierto imagine.
1.What aresocial robotsuniquely capableofA.Lifting heavypackages upstairsfor weakpeople.B,Teaching mentallyill teensemotional expressions.C.Cooking deliciousdishes for the disabledat home.D.Playing songsfor blindpeople on their request.
2.What isparagraph2mainly aboutA.Robins functionto reducepain.
8.Robins popularityin hospitals.C.Robins practicalapplication.D.Robins successin passingtests.
3.How isparagraph4developedA.By concludingviewpoints.B.By analyzingcauses.C.By makingcomparison.D.By givingdefinition.
4.What doesthe authorthink of human jobreplacement byrobotsA.It is already happeningthroughout UK.B.Humans need to workhard tosecure jobs.C.Robots canonly meetbasic humanneeds.D.Its anunstoppable andbeneficial trend.【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文文章介绍了对社交机器人的研究以为例，处于互动前沿的机器可以对情感做Robin出反应，并在情感上照顾弱者、老人和儿童，作者认为用社交机器人来看护将会是一个不可阻挡的有益的趋势推理判断题根据文章第一段
1.“Research intosocial robotshas shownthat machinesthat areat thecutting edgeof interactioncan对社交机器人的研究表明，处于互动前沿的机respond to feelings andemotionally carefor theweak,the elderlyand children.器可以对情绪做出反应，并在情感上照顾弱者、老人和儿童广可知，社交机器人可以对情绪作出回应并在情感上关爱弱者、老年人和小孩，这是它的不同之处，与题目中的相呼应，feelings emotionallyuniquely故项“教患有精神疾病的青少年情绪表达“与文章内容相符，其余选项均非情感上的帮助故选项B B主旨大意题根据第二段
2.“Robin wasdesigned as a companionrobot toprovide emotionalsupport forchildren receivingmedical treatment.Robin explainsmedical procedures to them,plays gamesand tellsstories,and duringtreatment distractsthem toreduce their sense of pain.The robotuses AIto understand other peoplesfeelings,remembering facialexpressions and（）conversations tobuild dialoguefor follow-up sessions.In trialsat theWigmore MedicalUK PediatricClinic inYerevan,Armenia,the teamfound thatRobin ledto a34%decrease instress andan increasein happinessof26%in the120children whointeracted with（罗宾被设计成一个陪伴机器人，为接受治疗的儿童提供情感支持罗宾向他们解释医疗程序，玩游戏，him atleast once.讲故事，并在治疗期间分散他们的注意力，以减轻他们的痛感该机器人使用人工智能来理解他人的感受，记住面部表情和对话，为后续会话建立对话在亚美尼亚埃里温威格莫尔医学（英国）儿科诊所的试验中，研究小组发现，在120名使用罗宾机器人的儿童中，他们的压力减少了幸福感增加了广可知，本段介绍了这款为接受治疗的34%,26%Robin孩子提供情感支持而设计的机器人的实际用途及其带来的积极影响故选项C推理判断题根据第四段
3.Population trendssuggest that the demandfor robotsto workalongside peoplein caresituations will（）grow overtime.By2050,the number of peopleaged65and overglobally willbe
1.6billion17%,roughly twicethe proportion.（人口趋of whatit is today.An extra
3.5million careworkers willbe neededand thatwill includeemotionally intelligentrobots势表明，随着时间的推移，对机器人与护理人员一起工作的需求将会增长到年，全球岁及以上的人口数量将205065达到亿，占大约是目前比例的两倍英国还需要万名护工，其中包括具有情感智能的机器人）“可知，1617%,350本段的中心句为第一句人口趋势表明机器人与护理人员一起工作的需求将会逐步增长接着，进一步阐述了原因是未来老龄化人口的增长将导致护理人员需求的增加，其中也包括具有情感智能的机器人因此，第四段是通过分析原因（）展开的故选项analyze causesB推理判断题根据第一段
4.“Research intosocial robotshas shownthat machinesthat areat thecutting edgeof interactioncan（对社交机器人的研究表明，处于互动前沿的respond to feelings andemotionally carefor theweak,the elderlyand children.机器可以对情绪做出反应，并在情感上照顾弱者、老人和儿童）”，第三段“The problemwith this is thefear thathuman jobs（问题在于，随着机器人变得更擅长处理社交场合，人们担may belost asrobots becomebetter athandling social situations.心人类的工作可能会失去），第四段Population trendssuggest that the demandfor robotsto workalongside peoplein care（人口趋势表明，随着时间的推移，对机器人与护理人员一起工作的需求将会增长可知，situations willgrow overtime.机器人在护理工作中会越来越多，呈增长趋势；以及最后一段“But newmodels arebeing introducedthat couldmake thebreakthrough.Human emotionsare difficultto define,but astrust inrobots increases,breaking downthe psychologicalbarrier.（但可能会取得突破的新型号正在推出人类的情感很难定义，但随着对机器人信任的增加，becomes easierto imagine打破心理障碍变得更容易想象）“可知，关于机器人取代人类来工作，因为能取得突破的社交机器人新型号的推出，以及人们对机器人的信任的增加，打破心理障碍也变得更有可能，作者对于社交机器人取代护理人员这一前景抱有期待，认为“机器人取代人类来做护理工作”有益且不可阻挡故选项D届广东省惠州市高三月二模】
4.[20235People produceall kindsof food waste.A newsreport in our magazinepublished inNovember last year showsthat about60（）million metrictons of food iswasted in the UnitedStates everyyear.A metricton is1,000kilograms or2,205pounds.（垃圾填埋场）The valueof thewaste is about$162billion.About halfends upin citylandfills.It costslocal governmentabout$
1.5billion ayear todeal with them.The reportsays thatone thirdof all food in the world is never eaten.The fullcost of the worldsfood waste can be$400billion ayear.Billions can be savedif theamount of food waste is reduced.Most of the food is thrownawayby shopkeepersand consumersin wealthynations.If it is saved,it couldfeed870million hungrypeople of the world.A familyoffour wastes about$1,600worth offood eachyear.The productionoffooduses largeamounts ofwater,land andfertilizer.Food wastein landfillscreates methane——a powerfulgreenhousegas.This gasis aboutseven percentof totalpollution worldwide.Reducing food waste canmake adifference.（堆制月巴料）（终Composting isone solution.However,there areother ways to reducefood waste.Extending expiration结）dates will reduce waste.Selling smallerbags offood alsowillreducewaste.An expertsaid,We need to findways todeal withfoodwaste,but mostimportantly,we needto preventit at the firstplace.”
1.What doesthe authorwant totell usin Paragraph2A.Many people are facinghunger.B,Food wasteis likelyto increase.C.Food wasteis causedfor variousreasons.D.The problemoffoodwasteisvery serious.
2.What is the bestsolution to food wasteA.To putprevention first.B,To buildmore landfills.C.To extendshelflife offood.D.To makeit intouseful materials
3.What canwe learnabout the authorA.He is an editor.B.He is a TVreporter.C.He is a publicofficial.D.He is a professorassistant.
4.How isParagraph2developedA.By listingdata.B.By givingexamples.C.By providingdefinitions.D.By makingcomparisons.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是为了保护环境，如何减少食物浪费，如何处理食品废料也是一个严峻的问题，我们能为之做什么细节理解题根据文章第二段的
1.“The reportsays thatone thirdof allfood in the worldis nevereaten.The fullcost of the worldsfoodwaste can be$400billion ayear.Billions canbe savedif theamount offoodwasteis reduced.Most of the foodis thrownaway（该报告称，世界上三分之一的食物从未被食用过全球食物浪费的总成by shopkeepersand consumersin wealthynations.本每年可达亿美元如果减少食物浪费，可以节省数十亿美元在富裕国家，大部分食品都被店主和消费者扔掉了4000广可知，在第二段中，作者想告诉我们食物浪费的问题非常严重故选D细节理解题根据文章最后一段
2.“An expertsaid,We needto findwaystodeal withfoodwaste,but mostimportantly,we need（一位专家表示“我们需要找到处理食物浪费的方法，但最重要的是，我们在一开始就要to preventit atthe firstplace.”阻止浪费可知，解决食物浪费的最好办法是防止食物浪费，故选A推理判断题根据文章首段
3.“A newsreport inour magazinepublished inNovember lastyear showsthat about60million metric（我们杂志去年月发表的一篇新闻报道显示，美国每年大约有tons offoodiswasted in the UnitedStates everyyear.116000万吨食物被浪费厂推知，作者是一名杂志编辑，故选A推理判断题根据第二段
4.“It costslocal governmentabout$
1.5billion ayear todeal with them.The reportsays thatone thirdof（当地政府每年要花费allfoodin the worldisnevereaten.The fullcost of the worldsfoodwastecanbe$400billion ayear.15亿美元来处理这些问题该报告称，世界上三分之一的食物从未被食用过全球食物浪费的总成本每年可达亿美4000元）”和If it is saved,it couldfeed870million hungrypeople of the world.A familyof fourwastesabout（如果它被节约下来，可以养活世界上亿饥饿的人一个四口之家每年浪费价值约$1,600worth offood eachyear.
8.71600美元的食物广可知，第二段是通过列出数据展开的，故选A届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三月适应性考试】
5.[20235Have youever takena personality test andfound the（星象学）results to be scarilyaccurate,checked yourhoroscope andhad everythingcome trueor takenan onlinequiz thattold youpreciselywhat yourfavorite Disneyprincess meansabout youWell,we certainlyhave doneso toomany times,so wedecided to doa littleinvestigation intohow Internetquizzes,magazines andhoroscope booksseem toknow usso well.We discoveredthat weveall beenfalling victimto theBamum effect.The BamumEffect is the phenomenonthat occurs whenindividuals believethat personalitydescriptions applyspecifically to them,despite the fact thatthe description is actually filled withinformationthat appliesto everyone.It wasnamed afterP.T.Barnum,a famous19th centuryshowman,who wouldfamously say,Theres afool bornevery minute.”（伪科学）一Indeed,Barnum provedto beright,as pseudosciencesuch asastrology and personality test-remains populartothis day.The Barnum effect explains why extremelygeneral statements,such asthe resultsof yourpersonality test,seem so specificto you.Dont believeus Well,late psychologyprofessor Bertram Forer offeredsome proof.In ahistoric study,Forer conducteda personalitytest to his students.Forer copiedstatements such as Youhave agreat needfbrother peopleto like and admire you.and Youhave a tendency to be critical of yourself from the newspapers horoscope columnand gavea testto everystudent,Forer askedhis students to rate the accuracy of the test from one to five,with“one”being theleastaccurate and“five”being the most accurate.The averagerating was
4.
26.The universallyhigh ratingsfrom studentson thepersonalitytest supported the Barnum effect.One of the mostimportant factorswhen reproducingthis studyistokeep the statements asvague aspossible,with amix ofmostlypositive andsome negativecontent.For example,using thephrase“at times,,makes for a powerfulBarnum Effect.See Attimesyou areextroverted andsociable,while atother timesyou areintroverted andreserved”——who wouldSo,keep inmind that we arenot immuneto theBarnum effect.Take everythingyou hearwith severalgrains ofsalt
1.What isthe purposeof Paragraph2A.To presenta controversialopinion.B.To providean exampleof an idea.C.To offera solutionto aproblem.D.To definethe meaningof aterm.
2.What isParagraph4mainly aboutA.Potential applicationof theBarnum effect.B・Further explanationoftheBarnum effect.C.Supporting evidencefor theBarnumeffect.D.A reasonabledoubt ofthe researchprocess.not agreewith thatstatement
3.Why doso manypeople believethestatementsin horoscopeandpersonalitytestsA.They aresospecific.B・They areambiguous.C.They arepositive.D.They arebelievable.
4.How isthe passageorganizedA.Problem—solution.B,Cause-effect.C・Phenomenon-analysis.D.Claim-counterclaim.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文文章提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格测试等”这一现象并分析了其原因推理判断题根据文章第二段
1.“We discoveredthat weveall beenfalling victimto theBarnumeffect.The BarnumEffect isthephenomenon thatoccurs whenindividuals believethat personalitydescriptions applyspecifically to them,despite the fact thatthedescription isactually filledwith informationthat appliesto everyone.It wasnamed afterP.T.Barnum,a famous19th century（我们发现我们都成了巴纳姆效应的受害者巴纳姆showman,who wouldfamously say,“Theres afool bornevery minute.”效应是一种现象，当人们认为性格描述只适用于他们时，尽管事实上这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息它是以19世纪著名的表演家P.T・巴纳姆的名字命名的，他有句名言“每分钟都有一个傻瓜出生户可知，文章第二段主要解释了巴纳姆效应的概念由此推知，第二段的目的是给“巴纳姆效应”这一专业术语下定义故选项D主旨大意题根据文章第三段最后一句
2.Dont believeus Well,late psychologyprofessor BertramForer offeredsome proof.（不相信我们？嗯,已故的心理学教授提供了一些证据）和第四段BertramForer“In ahistoric study,Forer conductedapersonality testtohisstudents.Forer copiedstatements suchas Youhave agreat needfor otherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.andYou haveatendencytobecriticalofyourselffrom the newspapershoroscopecolumnand gavea testto everystudent,Forerasked hisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromone tofive,with“one”being theleast accurateand fivebeing the mostaccurate.The averagerating was
4.
26.The universallyhigh ratingsfrom studentson thepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnum（在一项历史研究中，弗莱尔对他的学生进行了性格测试永远复制这样的话“你非常需要别人喜欢和钦佩你”effect.和“你有挑剔自己的倾向”，然后给每个学生做了一个测试，让他的学生给测试的准确性打分，从到力”是最不准15,确的，是最准确的平均评分为分学生们在性格测试中普遍获得的高分支持了巴纳姆效应广可知，文章第四“5”
4.26段通过对学生的性格测试，为巴纳姆效应提供论据故选项Forer C推理判断题根据文章第二段
3.“We discoveredthat weveall beenfalling victimto theBamum effect.The BamumEffect isthephenomenon thatoccurswhenindividuals believethat personalitydescriptions applyspecifically to them,despite thefact thatthe（我们发现我们都成了巴纳姆效应的受害者巴纳姆descriptionisactuallyfilledwith informationthat appliesto everyone.效应是一种现象，当人们认为性格描述只适用于他们时，尽管事实上这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息）”以及倒数第二段One ofthe mostimportant factorswhen reproducingthis studyistokeep thestatements asvague aspossible,with amix.（在复制这项研究口寸，最重要的因素之一是让陈述尽可能模糊，主要是积of mostlypositive andsome negativecontent极的内容和一些消极的内容）“可推知，很多人相信占卜和性格描述，是因为这些描述中充满了适用于所有人的信息，也就是说这些描述其实是很模棱两可的故选项B推理判断题阅读文章可知，文章第一段提出了“很多人相信占卜和性格测试等这一现象，而后面几个段落都在分
4.析其原因由此可知，本文的篇章结构为“现象——分析工故选项C届重庆市巴蜀中学校高考适应性模拟预测月】
6.[20235“I knowwhen to go out,and whento stayin.”,English rockstar DavidBowie onceconfidently sangin hishit single.When itcomesto consumingfood,the decisivenessclaimed by the singer-songwriter ishard to achieve.I disagreewith thestatement andargueits better to eat out than to order home delivery.To beginwith,when settingfoot in a restaurant,were immediatelygreeted notonly by a serverready to seat us,but by a floodof physical feelings-the eyestake in the internaldecoration ofthe place,the nosebreathes in the pleasantsmell of expertly platedfoodand theears pickup oncompeting soundsof customerchatter andattractive in-store music.To eat out isto experienceanatmosphere unique to each restaurant.Something asspecial asthat simplycant bereproduced by ordering home delivery.Eatingout is,without doubt,the moreexciting andthus betterchoice.Eating outbecomes evenmore appealingwhen stayinghome provestoo painful.Whether it is becausewe needa temporaryfightfrom ourfamily orthat wesimply want to spendsome qualitytime outside with loved ones,going outfor ameal canbe abreakfrom thehard labourof domesticliving.We couldtake itas anopportunity forself-care-to treatourselves bydressing up,arriving instyle ata fancyrestaurant andorderinga slightlymore luxuriousmeal torefresh ourweary soul.Ordering home delivery wouldonly contributetofeelingsofbeing pennedin while;eating out isanescape for the trappedindividual.Food deliveryapp usersreason itsa troubleand lessconvenientto dressup andeat out.However,its worthnoting wemay not always getour foodinthemost satisfactorycondition whenopting fbrhome delivery.Theres arisk ofreceiving foodorders withmissing itemsor evenentirely wrongorders thatcant be sent back.What wesacrificefor convenience might just wind up being inconvenient.Consequently,it makesmore senseto eatout rather than riskdisappointmentby ordering home delivery.A.Dining options.B.Cuisine culture.
1.What doesthe authormainly talkaboutC.Consumption level.D.Food categories.
2.What advantage of eatingout ishighlighted inparagraph2A.Quality service.B.Comfort andconvenience.C.Sensory enjoyment.D.A reasonablemix ofnutrition.A.Its quitepricey.B,It maylet consumersdown.C.It maycause foodwaste.D.Its notenvironmental-friendly.
4.How isthe textdevelopedA.By providingexamples.B・By followingspace order.C.By makingcomparisons.D.By analyzingmental processes.
3.What doesthe authorthink ofordering homedelivery【文章大意】这是一篇议论文作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，告诉读者“在外面吃饭是更好的选择推理判断题根据第一段关键句（我
1.I disagreewith thestatement andargue ifsbetterto eatoutthantoorderhomedelivery.不同意这种说法，并认为在外面吃饭比点外卖送到家要好）和最后一段关键句Consequently,it makesmore sensetoeatout（因止匕，在外就餐更有意义，而不是冒着失望的风险点外rather thanrisk disappointmentby orderinghomedelivery.^^卖送到家）可知，作者在文章中把“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两种就餐方式进行了比较，认为在外就餐更有意义由此可知，作者主要谈论了用餐选择问题故选项A推理判断题根据第二段关键句
2.To beginwith,when settingfoot in a restaurant,were immediatelygreeted notonly bya serverreadytoseatus,but bya floodofphysicalfeelings-the eyestake inthe internaldecoration ofthe place,the nosebreathes inthepleasant smellofexpertlyplated foodand theears pickup oncompeting soundsof customerchatter andattractive in-store music.（首先，当我们走进一家餐厅时，迎接我们的不仅是一位准备让我们就座的服务员，还有一种洪流般的身体感觉——眼睛注视着餐厅的内部装饰，鼻子呼吸着精心烹制的食物的怡人气味，耳朵听到顾客相互竞争的聊天声和吸引人的店内音乐）可知，第二段强调了外出就餐可以让眼睛、鼻子和耳朵等感官都获得享受由此可知，第二段强调了外出就餐的好处是可以获得感官上的享受故选项C推理判断题根据最后一段关键句
3.Theres arisk ofreceiving foodorders withmissing itemsor evenentirely wrongorders thatcant besent back.What wesacrifice fbrconveniencemightjustwindupbeinginconvenient.Consequently,it makesmore senseto（收至的食品订单有丢失的风险，甚至是无法退回的完全eatoutratherthanrisk disappointmentbyorderinghomedelivery.错误的订单我们为了方便而牺牲的东西最终可能会变得不方便因此，在外就餐更有意义，而不是冒着失望的风险点外卖送到家）可知，作者认为点外卖面临着订单丢失或订单错误的风险，这会让我们感到失望由此可知，作者认为点外卖送到家可能会让消费者失望故选项B推理判断题根据第二段关键句
4.To eatoutisto experiencean atmosphereuniquetoeachrestaurant.Something asspecial as（外出就餐是为了体验每一家餐厅特有的氛围像这样特别的东that simplycantbereproduced byorderinghomedelivery.西根本无法通过点外卖送到家来复制）和第三段关键句Eating outbecomes evenmore appealingwhen stayinghome proves（当待在家里太痛苦时，外出就餐变得更有吸引力）可知，作者将“在外面吃饭”和“点外卖送到家”两too painful.种就餐方式进行了比较，告诉读者“在外面吃饭”的好处由此可知，文章是通过比较发展起来的故选项C真题感知【•北京卷】
1.D2021Early fifth-century philosopherSt.Augustine famouslywrote thathe knewwhat timewas unlesssomeone askedhim.AlbertEinstein addedanother wrinklewhen hetheorized thattime variesdepending onwhere youmeasure it.Todays state-of-the-art（原子的）atomic clockshave provenEinstein right.Even advancedphysics cantdecisively tell us whattime is,because theanswerdepends on the questionyoure asking.Forget abouttime asan absolute.What if,instead ofconsidering time in terms of astronomy,we relatedtime toecologyWhat（节奏）if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo of human lifeWere increasinglyaware ofthefactthat we can*t（调节）control Earth systems with engineering alone,and realizingthat weneedtomoderate ouractions if we hopeto livein balance.What ifour definition of time reflected thatRecently,I conceptualizeda newapproach totimekeeping thatsconnected tocircumstances onour planet,conditions thatmightchange asa resultof global warming.Were nowbuilding aclock atthe AnchorageMuseum thatreflects thetotal flowofseveral majorAlaskan rivers,which aresensitive tolocal andglobal environmentalchanges.Weve programmedit tomatch anatomicclock ifthe waterwayscontinue toflow attheir presentrate.If therivers runfaster inthe futureon average,the clockwill getaheadof standardtime.If theyrun slower,youll seethe oppositeeffect.The clockregisters bothshort-term irregularitiesand long-term trendsin riverdynamics.Its asort ofobservatory thatreveals（时间框架），how therivers arebehaving fromtheir owntemporal frameand allowsus towitness thosechanges onoursmartwatches orphones.Anyone whoopts togo onAlaska MeanRiver Timewill livein harmonywith theplanet.Anyone whoconsidersriver time in relationto atomictime willencounter amajor imbalanceand may be motivatedto counteractit byconsumingless fuelor supportinggreener policies.Even ifthis methodof timekeepingis novelin itsparticulars,early agriculturalsocieties alsoconnected time to naturalphenomena.In pre-Classical Greece,for instance,peoplecorrected^official calendarsby shiftingdates forwardor backwardtoreflect thechange of season.Temporal connectionto theenvironment wasvital to their survival.Likewise,river timeand othertimekeepingsystems weredeveloping mayencourage environmentalawareness.When St.Augustine admittedhis inabilityto definetime,he highlightedone oftimes mostnoticeable qualitiesTime becomesmeaningfulonly ina definedcontext.Any timekeepingsystem isvalid,and eachis aspraiseworthy asits purpose.
32.The authorraises threequestions inParagraph2mainly to.A.present anassumption B.evaluate an argumentC.highlight anexperiment D.introduce anapproach【答案】
32.D【解析本文是议论文文章通过讨论时间的定义，讲述了人们应该和大自然和谐相处，保护环境1推理判断题根据第二段的
32.Were increasinglyaware ofthefactthat we can*t controlEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,（调节）（我彳门越来越意识至我们不能只and realizingthat weneedtomoderate ouractions ifwe hopeto livein balance.U,是用工程学来控制地球系统，意识到，如果我们希望保持平衡，我们就需要调节我们的行动户进而提出问题“What ifour（如果时间的定义反映那些会怎么样呢）”，结合前两个问题definitionoftimereflectedthat“What if,instead ofconsidering（节奏）timeintermsofastronomy,we relatedtimetoecologyWhat ifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempoof（如果我们不考虑天文学方面的时间，而是将时间与生态学联系起来呢？如果我们允许环境条件来设定人类human life生活的节奏呢广可推断，第二段提出的三个问题是为了介绍方法故选项D【.全国新课标】
2.2020IIIWe are the productsof evolution,and notjust evolutionthat occurredbillions ofyears ago.As scientistslook deeperinto our（基因），genes they are finding examples of human evolutionin justthe pastfew thousandyears.People inEthiopian highlandshave（突变）adapted toliving athigh altitudes.Cattle-raising peoplein EastAfrica andnorthern Europehave gaineda mutationthat helpsthemdigest milkas adults.On Thursdayin anarticle publishedin Cell,a teamof researchersreported anew kind of adaptation-not to air or tofood,but totheocean.A groupofsea-dwelling peoplein SoutheastAsia haveevolved intobetter divers.The Bajau,as thesepeopleareknown,number inthe hundredsof thousandsin Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines.They havetraditionally livedon houseboats;in（支柱）recent times,theyve alsobuilt houseson stiltsin coastalwaters.They aresimply astranger to the land/said RedneyC.Jubilado,a Universityof Hawaiiresearcher whostudies the Bajau.Dr.Jubilado firstmet the Bajau whilegrowing upon SamalIsland inthe Philippines.They made a livingas divers,spearfishingor harvestingshellfish.We wereso amazedthat theycould stayunderwater muchlonger thanus localislanders,1Dr.Jubilado said.“I couldsee themactually walkingunder thesea.In201,Melissa Ilardo,then agraduate studentin geneticsattheUniversityofCopenhagen,heard about theBajau.Shewondered ifcenturies ofdiving couldhave ledto theevolution ofphysical characteristicsthat madethe taskeasier for them,“itseemed likethe perfectchance fornatural selectionto acton apopulation/said Dr.Ilardo.She alsosaid therewere likelya numberofother genesthat helptheBajaudive.
29932.What doesthe authorwanttotellusby theexamples inparagraph1A.Environmental adaptationof cattleraisers.B.New knowledgeof human evolution.C.Recent findingsofhumanorigin.D.Significance offood selection.【答案】
32.B【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活Bajau.推理判断题根据第一段的32we arethe productsof evolution,and notjust evolutionthat occurredbil lionsof yearsago.As scientistslook deeperinto ourgenes,they arefindingexamplesofhumanevolut ionin justthe pastfew thousand（我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发years.现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子）可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化（人类进化的新知识）符合以上B.New knowledgeofhumanevolution.说法，故选项B
3.D【2019・天津】Would youBET onthe futureof thisman Heis53years old.Most ofhis adultlife hasbeen alosing struggleagainst debtandmisfortune.A warinjury hasmade hisleft handstop functioning,and hehas oftenbeen inprison.Driven byheaven-knows-whatmotives,he determinesto writea book.The bookturns outtobeone thathas appealedto theworld formore than350years.That formerprisoner wasCervantes,and（《堂吉诃德》）.the bookwas DonQuixote Andthe storyposes aninteresting question:why dosome peoplediscover newvitalityand creativityto theend oftheir days,while othersgo toseed longbeforeWeve allknown peoplewho runout ofsteam before they reachlifes halfwaymark.Im nottalking aboutthose whofail to getto thetop.We cantall getthere.Fm talkingabout peoplewho havestopped learningon growingbecause theyhave adoptedthe fixedattitudesand opinionsthat alltoo oftencome withpassing years.Most ofus,in fact,progressively narrowthe varietyof ourlives.We succeedinourfield ofspecialization and then becometrappedin it.Nothing surprisesus.We loseour senseof wonder.But,ifweare willingto lean,the opportunitiesare everywhere.The things we learn in maturityseldom involveinformation andskills We learn tobear with the things we can*tchange.We learnto avoidself-pity.Welearnthat howevermuch wetry toplease,some peopleare nevergoing tolove us-an ideathattroubles atfirst butis eventuallyrelaxing.With highmotivation andenthusiasm,wecankeep onlearning.Then wewill knowhow importantitisto havemeaning inour（自我），life.However,wecanachieve meaningonly ifwe havemadeacommitment tosomething largerthan ourown littleegoswhether tolovedones,to fellowhumans,to work,ortosome moralconcept.（视等同于）Many ofus equate“commitment“with suchcaring“occupations asteaching andnursing.But doinganyordinary jobas well as one can isin itselfan admirablecommitment.People whowork towardsuch excellencewhether theyaredriving atruck,or runninga store-make theworld betterjust bybeing thekindof people theyare.Theyve learnedlifes mostvaluablelesson.
51.The passagestarts withthe storyof Cervantesto showthat.A.loss offreedom stimulatesone*s creativityB.age isnotabarrier toachieving one*s goalC.misery inspiresa manto fightagainst hisfateD.disability cannotstop amans pursuitof success
52.What doesthe underlinedpart inParagraph3probably meanA.End onesstruggle forliberty.B.Waste onesenergy takingrisks.C.Miss theopportunity tosucceed.D.Lose theinterest tocontinue learning.
53.What couldbe inferredfrom Paragraph4常见的设问方式:1How isthe passageorganized2The authordevelops the passage mainlyby.3The firstparagraph servesasan.4The exampleof...is givento show/illustrate that.了解文章的修辞手法从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法其中，“引用”和例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向“引用和例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比或比较等说明方式进行写作，而这些说明方式都是为了使文章要说明的内容或问题更加清晰明了、真实可信，或者更具说服力记叙文可以采取以时间为序、以地点为序、以故事情节发展为序开端、发展、高潮、结局等叙事方式进行写作以故事情节为序又可以不按照时间的先后顺序叙述，比如，先写结局，再写其他，最后写高潮，这种叙事手法叫做倒叙☆典例引领•全国卷[2012I,D]Grown-ups are often surprisedby howwell theyremember somethingthey learnedas childrenbut havenever practicedeversince.A manwho hasnot hada chancetogoswimming for years canstill swimas wellas everwhen hegets backinthe water.Hecan geton abicycle aftermany yearsand stillride away.He canplay catchand hita ballas wellas hisson.A motherwho hasnotthought about the wordsforyearscan teachher daughterthe poemthat beginsTwinkle,twinkle,little staror rememberthe storyofCinderella orGoldilocks andthe ThreeBears.One explanationisthelaw of overlearning,which canbe statedas follows:Once we have learnedsomething,additional尝试learning trialsincrease thelength oftime wewill rememberit.In childhoodwe usuallycontinue topractice suchskills asswimming,bicycle riding,and playing baseball long after wehavelearned them.We continueto listento andremind ourselvesof wordssuchasTwinkle,twinkle,little star1and childhoodtalessuch asCinderella andGoldilocks.We notonly learnbut overlearn.乘法口诀表The multiplicationtables arean exceptionto thegeneral rulethat we forget rather quickly the things thatwelearn inschool,because theyare anotherofthethingsweoverlearn inchildhood.突击学习The law ofoverlearningexplainswhycramming for an examination,though itmay resultinapassing grade,isnot asatisfactory wayto learna collegecourse.By cramming,a studentmay learnthe subjectwell enoughtogetby ontheexamination,but heis likelysoon toforget almosteverything helearned.A littleoverlearning,ontheother hand,is reallynecessaryfor onesfuture development.
68.The authorexplains thelawofover learningby.A.presenting researchfindingsB.setting downgeneral rulesC.making a comparisonD.using examples【答案】
1.2023A10Water equalslife.This istrue forpeople,animals andplants.And whilewater isplentiful insome locations,thisisnot thecase（）all overtheworld.Now scientistsfromtheMassachusetts Instituteof TechnologyMIT mayhave developeda wayto changethat.（脱盐）The newdesalination deviceproduces wateractually abovethe WorldHealth Organizationstandards,just bypushing（过滤器）（微粒）a button.There areno filtersrequired,andthedevice useselectrical powerto removesalt and other particles——including bacteriaand viruses——fromthesaltwater.This reducesthe needfor constantmaintenance.Most commerciallyavailable portabledesalination unitsuse filtersthat requirehigh-pressure pumpsto push thewater,whichmakes them huge in size and less energy efficient.The filterlessMIT devicewill allowit tobe usedin remote or resource-limitedplaces like small islands,ships,and evenfor emergencyuse.The devicetook yearsto develop.After runningtests inthe labwith waterthat haddifferent salinityand particles,it wastestedat BostonsCarson Beach.The deviceproduced drinkablewater injust halfan hour.The newdesalination unitneeds lesspower thana cellphone charger,reported FastCompany,and worksusing twotypes ofelectricalfields tofilter thesaltwater.But bestof all,itisdesigned tobe usedby averagepeople andnot engineers.In fact,the deviceonlyhas threebuttons,one topower thedevice,onetostart it,and oneto stopit.The researchersare stillworking ona finaldesign thatcould usecheaper materialsto makeit readybytheend ofnext year.This smallbut mightydesalination unitmay bethe keyto bringingsafe watertoathirsty world.
1.Whafs theadvantageofthenewdesalination deviceA,Its convenient.B.Ifs alot cheaper.C.It hasimproved filters.D.It hasa largeroutput.
2.How isthe thirdparagraph developedA.By makingcomparisons.B.By givingexamples.C.By analyzingcauses.D.By listingfigures.
3.What doesthe authorthink isthemostoutstanding quality ofthenew deviceA.It requiresmuch lesspower.B,It possessestwo electricalfields.C.It canbe easilyoperated byordinary people.D.It iscontrolled bythe samebutton.
4.What isthe besttitle forthe textA.Deeper researchfinds newcontents ofseawaterB.Better methodimproves thequalityofdrinking waterC.Report showsa worldthirsty forsafe drinkingwaterD.New portabledevice makesseawater drinkableontheway【答案】
1.A
2.A
3.C
4.D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水细节理解题根据第二段中（脱盐）
1.The newdesalination deviceproduces wateractually abovethe WorldHealth Organization（这种新的海水脱盐装置只需要按下一个按钮，就能产生高于世界卫生组织标准的水）”standards,just bypushing abutton.可知，这个新的脱盐设备的优势是操作非常方便故选项A推理判断题根据第三段
2.“Most commerciallyavailable portabledesalination unitsuse filtersthat requirehigh-pressure pumpstopushthewater,which makesthemhugein sizeandlessenergyefficient.The filterlessMIT devicewill allowit tobe usedin.（大多数商业上可用的便携式海水脱remoteorresource-limited placeslikesmallislands,ships,and evenfor emergencyuse盐装置使用的过滤器需要高压泵来推动水，这使得它们体积庞大，能源效率较低这种无过滤器的设备可以在偏远MIT或资源有限的地方使用，比如小岛、船只，甚至是紧急情况下使用广可知，第三段主要通过对比新的脱盐设备和其他商业上可用的便携式脱盐设备来说明新设备的优势由此推知，这段是通过对比来发展的故选项A细节理解题根据倒数第二段中（但最重要
3.“But bestof all,itisdesigned tobe usedby averagepeople andnot engineers.的是，它是为普通人而不是工程师设计的）”可知，作者认为这个新设备最突出的优点是普通人也可以轻松操作故选项C主旨大意题通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款新的即将面市的便携式海水脱盐设备，它操作方便，体积虽小但
4.功能强大，普通人也能使用，可以为我们缺水的世界带来安全可用淡水由此可知，项”新的便携式设备即将使海水D可以饮用”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题故选项D届江苏省徐州市高三月考前模拟】
2.[20235If reducingstress hasbeen onyour summerto dolist,theres onepowerful thingyou canstill dobefore theseason ends:get inthe habit of taking a walk outsidewith a friend.（恢复力）A quickwalk in nature with a friend combines three ofthemost effective stress-reducing andresilience buildingtechniques:physical exercise,spending timein natureand socialconnection.The activityworks byhelping normalizethe hormonalchangesthat resultfrom longtime stress and enhancingthe emotionalresources thathelp uscope.（激活）Walking quicklyactivates thebodys stress response.And when the walkis over,the stresssystem comesback downtobaseline.Regular exercisehelps yourstressresponsebecome moreefficient,says JenniferHeisz,associate professorat McMasterUniversity.As littleas10minutes ofsitting orwalking in nature candecrease apersons heartrate,blood pressure and cortisol levels,aswell as self-reported stresslevels.One possibleexplanation,the researcherssay,is thatspending timein naturelowers theactivity of（副交感）our sympatheticnervous system,which regulatesstress hormones,and tapsinto theparasympathetic nervoussystem,which promotesour calmand relaxationresponses.Taking thathike witha lovedonecanfurther reducestress byadding theimportant elementof socialconnection.Talking withtrusted friendshelps peopleprocess stressfulevents andlifts self-esteem.Social supporthas positiveeffects onthebrain andbody,scientific researchfinds.Earlier this year,Cassie Morenowas ina rutof stress and anxiety.She wasstarting anew job,struggling tomake newfriendsduring thepandemic,and goingthrough abreakup.Strolling alongthe HudsonRiver withother women,the26-year-old Mainenative says she felt an immediate surge of confidence and calm.“I was,like,how dowe livehere Look atthewater!Lookatthe Statueof Liberty!How didwe getthis lucky”shesays.
1.What isthe purposeof paragraph2A.To explaina rule.B,To clarifyanargument.C.To presenta fact.D.To introducea topic.
2.What isan advantageof spending timein natureA.Reducing blood pressure.B.Lifting self-esteem.C.Raising stresshormones.D.Activating nervoussystem.
3.What doesCassie Morenosremark inthe lastparagraph indicateA.She wasrefreshed withconfidence.B,She was inastate ofstressandanxiety.C.She wasstruggling througha hardtime.D.She wasamazed bythe fantasticscenery.
4.How isthepassagedevelopedA.By givingexplanations.B,By makingcomparisons.C.By listingexamples.D.By provingassumptions.【答案】
1.B
2.A
3.A
4.A【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文文章讲述了在大自然中快速行走有益于身心健康推理判断题根据第二段
1.“A quickwalk innature witha friendcombines threeofthemost effectivestress-reducing and恢复力）（与朋友在大自然中resiliencef building techniques:physical exercise,spending timeinnatureand socialconnection.快速漫步组合了三种最有效的减压和恢复能力建设技巧体育锻炼、在大自然中度过时光和社交联系）”可知，此处是要回答上文的问题，可推理出此处要阐释上文提出的观点，故选项B细节理解题根据第四段
2.“As littleas10minutes ofsitting orwalking innature candecrease apersons heartrate,blood（在大自然中坐着或走路只要分钟，就能降低一个人的pressureand cortisollevels,as wellas self-reported stresslevels.10心率、血压和皮质醇水平，以及自我报告的压力水平广可知，在大自然中坐着能降低血压水平，故选项A推理判断题根据侄数第二段
3.ij“Strolling alongthe HudsonRiver withother women,the26-year-old Mainenative saysshe（这位岁的缅因州本地人和其他女性一起沿着哈德逊河漫步，她说自己felt animmediate surgeof confidenceand calm.26立刻涌起了一股自信和平静的力量广可推理出，感到信心十足，精神抖擞，故选项Cassie MorenoA推理判断题根据文章第一段
4.“If reducingstress hasbeen onyour summertodolist,theres onepowerful thingyou canstill do（如果减轻压力已经列入了你夏天的任务清单，beforetheseason ends:get inthehabitoftakingawalkoutsidewithafriend.那么在这个季节结束之前，你仍然可以做一件很有影响力的事情养成和朋友出去散步的习惯广、第二段“A quickwalk恢复力）innaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducing andresilience,buildingtechniques:physical（与朋友在大自然中快速漫步组合了三种最有效的减压和恢复能力exercise,spendingtimeinnatureand socialconnection.建设技巧体育锻炼、在大自然中度过时光和社交联系广、第四段“As littleas10minutes ofsitting orwalking innature can』在大自然中坐着或走路只decrease apersons heartrate,bloodpressureandcortisollevels,as wellasself-reported stresslevels要分钟，就能降低一个人的心率、血压和皮质醇水平，以及自我报告的压力水平）”以及侄数第二段10I“Strolling along（这the HudsonRiver withother women,the26-year-old Mainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.位岁的缅因州本地人和其他女性一起沿着哈德逊河漫步，她说自己立刻涌起了一股自信和平静的力量广可知，本文26在开头提出概念，后续段落对这一概念进行解释，使用了解释概念的方式，故选项A好题冲关基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）【届浙江省四校（杭州二中、温州中学、绍兴一中、金华一中）高三月联考】
1.20235As anintense heatwave sweepsthrough China,residents areseeking reliefin airraid sheltersand swimmingpools to stay cool,and dozensof cities,including Shanghai,Chongqing andHangzhou,have issued their highest-level red alert warnings.Shanghaihas issued three red alerts thisyear,withthetemperature hitting
40.9Celsius onJuly13,matching therecord set in2017since
1873.The factthat Shanghai has experiencedonly16days of40℃-plus temperaturessince the city began keeping records in1873shouldgive us anidea aboutthe seriousness ofthe situation.（恶心），Medical expertssay extreme heat couldcause nauseafatigue,sunstroke andeven death,with seniorcitizens andpeople with long-term illnessesparticularly vulnerableto heat waves.Extreme heatevents,which begana month ago,have affectedthe livesof morethan900million peoplein China.BetweenJune1and July12,the averagenumberof days with temperatures above35℃was
5.3,up
2.4days overnormal years,breaking thenational record setin1961,according tothe National Climate Center.Parts ofEurope arealso inthe gripof heat waves andexperiencing extremeweather eventsafter thewestern partof NorthAmericafaced extreme heat waveslastyear.In responsetotheexceptionally high temperatures,the UnitedKingdom hasdeclared anationalemergency andissuedthehighest-level redalert warningfor Mondayand Tuesdayforthefirst time.More alarmingly,theaverage globaltemperature in June thisyear was
0.4℃higher thannormal yearsandthehighest since1979,with temperaturesincountries suchas Spain,France andItaly exceeding40℃.Unfortunately,extremeheat,which isdirectly relatedto climate change,will becomemore frequent and intense inthe next30years,setting newrecords forhigh temperatures.As globalwarming intensifies,losses anddevastation willincrease,forcing naturalandhuman systemsto raisetheir adaptationlimits.
1.What canwe knowaboutthe heat wavesthis yearA.It maycause moreharm tothe oldand peoplewith long-term illnesses.B.The numberofdaysabove35℃inJunebreaks thenational record.C.Shanghai has experienced ahigher temperaturethan thatin
2017.D.The wholeEurope as wellasAmerica aresuffering fromtheheatwaves.
2.How doestheauthordevelop the textA.By analyzingand concluding.B.By explainingand contrasting.C.By givingexamples andquoting.D.By givingfigures andcomparing.A.Becoming moreserious.B.Remaining stable.C.Staying unpredictable.D.Getting controllable.
4.What isthetextmainly aboutA.The solutionstotheclimatechange.B.The economiclosses fromheatwaves.C.The increaseof severeheatwaves.D.The destructiveeffect ofglobalwarming.
3.According tothe writer,what isthe trendof extremeheat【文章大意】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了高温天气的危害以及高温天气的增加情况细节理解题根据第二段（恶心），
1.“Medical expertssay extremeheat couldcause nauseafatigue,sunstroke andeven death,.（医学专家表示，极立描高温with seniorcitizens andpeoplewithlong-term illnessesparticularly vulnerableto heatwaves会导致恶心、疲劳、中暑甚至死亡，老年人和长期病患者尤其容易受到高温的影响厂可知，今年的高温可能对老年人和有长期疾病的人造成更大的伤害故选A.推理判断题根据第一段2Shanghaihasissuedthreeredalertsthisyear,withthetemperature hitting
40.9Celsius onJuly13,matching therecord setin2017since
1873.The factthat Shanghaihasexperiencedonly16days of40℃-plus temperaturessince（海今年发布了三次红色thecitybegankeepingrecordsin1873should giveusanideaabouttheseriousnessofthesituation._h预警，月日气温达到摄氏度，追平了自年以来年创下的纪录上海自年开始记录气温以来，
71340.9187320171873只有天气温超过摄氏度，这一事实应该让我们了解到情况的严重性广以及第三段1640“Extreme heatevents,which beganamonthago,have affectedthe livesof morethan900million peoplein China.Between June1and July12,the averagenumber ofdayswithtemperaturesabove35℃was
5.3,up
2.4days overnormal years,breaking thenationalrecordsetin1961,according tothe（一个月前开始的极端高温天气已经影响了中国亿多人的生活根据国家气候中心的数据，NationalClimateCenter.96月日至月日期间，平均气温在以上的天数为天，比正常年份增加天，打破了年创下的全国纪171235℃
5.
32.41961录）”可推知，作者通过给出数字和比较展开文章故选D细节理解题根据最后一段
3.Unfortunately,extremeheat,which isdirectly relatedto climatechange,will becomemore（不幸的是，与气候变化直接相关的极端frequentandintenseinthenext30years,setting newrecords forhightemperatures.高温将在未来年变得更加频繁和强烈，创造新的高温记录户可知，根据作者的观点，极端高温的趋势会变得越来越30严重故选A主旨大意题艮据第——段
4.I“As anintense heatwave sweepsthrough China,residents areseeking reliefin airraid sheltersandswimming poolstostaycool,and dozensof cities,including Shanghai,Chongqing andHangzhou,have issuedtheir highest-level」随着强烈的高温席卷中国，居民们纷纷到防空洞和游泳池寻求降温，包括上海、重庆和杭州在内的数redalertwarnings十个城市发布了最高级别的红色预警）”结合文章主要说明了高温天气的危害以及高温天气的增加情况可知，这篇文章的主要内容是严重高温的增加故选C年辽宁省高三第二次全省统考暨朝阳市第一高级中学高三四模】
2.[2023Three Formatsof BooksPrintedbooks aremostly producedin threefundamental formats:Hardcover,Trade Paperback,and MassMarket Paperback.A hardcoveralso knownas hardbackor hardboundisatype ofbook thatis boundwith hardand rigid protective covers and缝线或〃书车丁.the pagesare oftenstrongly heldtogether withstiches or staples They arethemost expensiveofthethreeformats.A tradepaperback more commonly knownas paperbackisatype ofbook characterizedbyathick paper or paperboard cover.Their pagesare oftenheld withglue ratherthan stitches or staples.Trade paperbacks are cheaperthan hardcoversbut costlierthanmass market paperbacks.Mass market paperbacks arebasically smallsized booksprinted ona lowerquality paperwith aninexpensive binding.Theyare cheaperto produceand mostlysold innontraditional booksellinglocations suchas drugstores,supermarkets,railway stations,and airports,aswellasintraditional bookstores.Mass market paperbacks areproduced totarget abigger market.Due totheir lowproduction costthey canbe made available toalarge massof peopleat cheaperand affordablerates.Mass marketpaperback booksare smallerin sizeusually about4inches wide字体and7inches talland theirfont sizeis alsocomparatively smaller.Besides,mass market paperbacks mostlydo nothave anyillustrations pictures,diagrams,and otherdecorative features that may be present inthe hardcover orthe paperback formats of thatsame book.Another veryimportant featureof mass marketpaperbacksis thattheyaremostly strippablebooks.Strippable simplymeansthat abooks covercanbetorn offor strippedof bythe bookretailers ordistributor,and thensentbacktothebook publisherfora退款；返还款.refund So,whenthebooksellers noticethat somemass marketpaperback bookshave beenin stockforawhile andarenot sellingwell,they cansimply stripoff the covers ofthose booksand returnthem tothe publishersfor refund.The partof thebookleft afterthecoveris sippedoff isillegal tosell andhas tobe recycled.
1.Whats specialfor hardcoverbooks comparedwiththeother twoA.Theyre noteasily broken.B,Their covers canbestripped off.C.They havethe largestnumberofconsumers.D.Theyareof excellentquality andbargain price.
2.What formatis suitablefor studentstextbooks accordingtothe textA.Hardcover.B.Trade paperback.C.Mass marketpaperback.D.Hardbound.
3.What canyou learnabout mass marketpaperback books fromthetextA.They havevarious decorative features.B.Those withoutcoverscanbe soldcheaply.C.Brochures belongto massmarketpaperbackbooks.D.They canbe returnedtothepublishers ifnot damaged.
4.How doesthe writerdevelop thistextA.By offeringfigures.B.By tellinga story.C.By givingexamples.D.By makingacomparison.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文文章介绍了三种格式的书精装、普通平装和大众市场平装以及它们的特点1・细节理解题根据第二段A hardcoveralso knownas hardbackor hardboundisatype ofbook thatis boundwith hardand缝线或订书钉.精装书是一种用rigidprotectivecoversandthe pagesare oftenstrongly heldtogether withstiches orstaples坚硬的保护封面装订的书，书页通常用针或订书钉牢固地固定在一起）”，第三段“A tradepaperback（morecommonly known）as paperbackisatype ofbook characterizedbyathick paperor paperboardcover.Their pagesare oftenheld withglue ratherthan.（普通平装书是一种以厚纸或纸板封面为特征的书它们的书页通常是用胶水而不是针脚或订书钉固stitchesorstaples定的和第四段Mass marketpaperbacks arebasically smallsized booksprinted ona lowerquality paperwith aninexpensive（大众市场的平装书基本上是用较低质量的纸张和廉价的装帧印刷的小尺寸书籍广可知与其他两种书籍相比，binding.精装书比较结实，不容易坏，故选A推理判断题根据第三段（）
2.“A tradepaperback morecommonlyknownas paperbackisatype ofbook characterizedby athickpaperorpaperboardcover.Their pagesareoftenheld withglue ratherthan stitchesorstaples.Trade paperbacksare cheaper（普通平装书（通常称为平装书）是一种以厚纸或纸板封面为特than hardcoversbut costlierthan massmarketpaperbacks.征的书它们的书页通常是用胶水而不是针脚或订书钉固定的普通平装书比精装书便宜，但比大众市场的平装书贵）和第五段（“Besides,massmarketpaperbacks mostlydo nothave anyillustrations pictures,diagrams,andotherdecorative）（止匕夕卜，大众市场的平装书大featuresthat maybe presentinthehardcover orthe paperbackformats ofthat same book.多没有任何插图（图片、图表和其他装饰特征），这些插图可能出现在同一本书的精装本或平装本中广可推断普通平装书更适合学生使用，它比精装书便宜，会有插图并且还比大众平装书结实，故选B推理判断题根据第五段
3.“Mass marketpaperbacksareproduced totarget abigger market.Due totheir lowproduction costtheycan bemadeavailabletoalarge massofpeopleat cheaperand affordablerates.Mass marketpaperbackbooksare smallerinsize（）（字体）usually about4inches wideand7inches talland theirfont sizeis alsocomparatively smaller.（）Besides,massmarketpaperbacks mostlydo nothave anyillustrationspictures,diagrams,andotherdecorativefeaturesthatmay.（大众市场的平装书是针对更大的市场而生产的由bepresentinthehardcoverorthepaperbackformatsofthatsamebook于它们的低生产成本，它们可以以更便宜和负担得起的价格提供给大量的人大众市场的平装书尺寸较小（通常约为4英寸宽，英寸高），字体也相对较小此外，大众市场的平装书大多没有任何插图（图片、图表和其他装饰特征），7而在同一本书的精装书或平装书中可能会出现这些插图户由此可推测手册属于大众市场的平装书故选C推理判断题通读全文，可知文章介绍了三种格式的书精装、普通平装和大众市场平装，并通过书籍的装订，纸张
4.厚度，纸张规格，价格等方面进行比较来说明它们各自的特点，因此推断作者通过比较来展开这篇文章的，故选D.【广东省汕尾、珠海市等大湾区联考届高三学生调研】32023Research intosocialrobotshas shownthat machinesthat areatthecutting edgeof interactioncan respondtofeelingsandemotionally carefortheweak,the elderlyand children.Robin wasdesigned asa companionrobot toprovide emotionalsupport forchildren receivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplains medicalprocedurestothem,plays gamesand tellsstories,and duringtreatment distractsthem toreducetheirsenseofpain.The robotuses AIto understandother peoplesfeelings,remembering facialexpressions andconversations tobuild dialoguefor（）follow-up sessions.In trialsattheWigmore MedicalUK PediatricClinic inYerevan,Armenia,the teamfound thatRobin ledtoa34%decrease instressandan increasein happinessof26%inthe120children whointeracted withhim atleast once.Healthcare robotscould allbenefit fromdisplaying emotionalintelligence,both recognizingand respondingto humanemotions,and tosome extent,managing them.The problemwith thisisthefear thathuman jobsmaybelost asrobots becomebetterat handlingsocialsituations.。
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