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现在完成时(培训四)一.基本结构助动词过去分词()have/has+done二.句型否定句主语过去分词+其他.+have/has+not+一般疑问句主语+过去分词+其他.Have/Has+简略答语主语(肯定)主语+(否定)Yes,+have/has.No,havent/hasnt三.用法()现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果1().(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)I havespent allof mymoney so far()(含义:郭子君现在在这儿)Guo zijunhas just/already come.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)My fatherhas gone to work.()现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时,刻的,持续到现在的动作(用2行为动词表示)或状态(动词表示)常与(+时间段)(+时间点或过be for,since去时的句子)连用.
①时段for+
③时,段since++ago
④从句(过去时)since+
⑤时段从句(过去时)•It is++since+Mary has been illfor threedays.I havelived heresince
1998.四.()()()的区另has goneto,has been to,has been in ij():去了(现在不在说话现场)Have/Has gonetoWhere isyour fatherHe has goneto Shanghai.()去过(已不在去过的地方)Have/Has been to:My fatherhas been toShanghai.呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)Have/has beeninMy fatherhas beenin Shanghaifor two months,/since twomonths ago.五.现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可
1.以表达这种含义*以和为标志already,just yet他已得到她的帮助He hasalready gother help..他刚刚看过这场电影He hasjust seen the film他还没有回来He hasntcome backyet.*以和为标志ever never这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影This isthe bestfilm I have everseen.他从没有至过北京He hasnever beento Beijing.U*以动作发生的次数为标志.他说他已经去过美国三次了He sayshe has beento the USAthree times*以(至目前为止)为标so farU+before到目前为止他已到了北京He hasgot toBeijing sofar.至目前为止她已经通过了考试She haspassed theexamso far.U.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动2作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时★
①时段for+
②过去一个时间点过去从句为标志since+注意:现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如1yesterdayjast week,three years等;ago不能与连用2when现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
1.have buy不能用My brotherhas hadhas boughtthis bikefor almostfour years.★、用代替2keep borrow不能用Ihavekept have borrowed thebook forquite afew days.★、用替代3be becomeHow long hasyour sisterbeen ateacher★、用代替4have a cold catcha coldTomhas hada coldsince theday beforeyesterday.★、用代替5a wearput on用形容词”代终止性动词b“be+、代1be+married marry、代2be+ill fallget ill、代3be+dead die、代4be+asleep fallget asleep、代5be+awake wake/wake up、代6be+gone lose,die,selljeave、代7be+open open、代8be closedclose/shut、代9be+missinggone,lost lose用副词”代终止性动词c“be+、代1“be+on”start,begin、代2“be+up”get up、代3“be+backto”return to,come backto,go backto、“代或4be herethere”comearrive,reach,get herego arrive,reach,get there等等用介词短语”代终止性动词d“be+地点”代替1“be in/at+go to/come to、用代替2be in the armyjoin the army、地点”代替3“be in/at+move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表
1.have arrivedat/in sw.got to/reached sw.come/gone/moved tosw.一.相应的介词have beenin sw./at..一
2.have come/gone back/returned have been back一
3.have come/gone outhave beenout
4.have become—have been一
5.have closed/opened have been close/open一;
6.have gotup have been up一;
7.have diedhave beendead一
8.have leftsw.have beenaway fromsw.一;
9.have fallenasleep/got tosleep have been asleep一;
10.have finished/ended/completed have been over一;
11.havemarried have been married一;
12.have started/begun todo sth.have donesth.一
13.have begunhave beenon一
14.haveborrowed/bought havekept/had一
15.have losthavent had一
16.have puton haveworn;
17.have caught/get acold—have hadacold一
18.have gotto knowhave known一
19.have/has goneto have beenin
20.have joined/have takenpart inthe league/the Party/the army—have beena memberof/havebeenin/havebeenthe Partysmember/theleague member/the soldier...现在完成时练习
一、单项选择(呼和浩特)1Both hisparents looksad.Maybe theywhats happenedto him.A.knew B.have knownC.must knowD.will know、2He has beentoShanghai,has heA.already B.never C.ever D.still、3Have youmet MrLiA.just B.ago C.before D.a momentago、4The famouswriter onenew bookinthepast two years.A.is writingB.was writingC.wrote D.has written、一川5Our countrya lotsofar.—Yes.I hopeit wbe even.A.has changedwell B.changed goodC.has changed better D.changedbetter6Zhao Lanalready inthis schoolfor two years.A.was studyingB.will studyC.has studiedD.arc studying、7We XiaoLi sinceshe wasa littlegirl.A.know B.had knownC.have knownD.knew、8Harry Potteris avery nicefilm.I ittwice.A.will seeB.have seenC.saw D.see、一9These farmershavebeento theUnited States.—ReallyWhen thereA.will theygo B.did theygo C.do theygo D.have theygone、—10you yourhomework yet—Yes.I ita momentago.A.Did dofinished B.Have donefinished C.Have donehave finishedD.will dofinish、11His fatherthe Partysince
1978.A.joined B.has joinedC.was inD.has beenin一12—Do youknow himwell Sure.We friendssince ten years ago.A.were B.havebeenC.have become D.have made一一13^How longhave youhere Abouttwomonths.A.been B.gone C.comeD.arrived、14Hurry up!The playfor ten minutes.A.has begunB.had begunC.has beenon D.began、15It tenyears sincehe leftthearmy.A.is B.has C.will D.was16^Miss Greenisn*t inthe office.she tothe library.A.has goneB.went C.will goD.has been、17My parentsShandong fortenyears.A.havebeenin B.havebeento C.have goneto D.havebeen18^The studentshave cleanedthe classroom,A.so theyB.don5t theyC.have theyD.havent they、19has MrWhite beena memberof GreenerChina sincehe toChinaA.How soon,comes B.How often,got C.How long,came D.How far,arrived20His unclefor morethan9years.
二、句型转换A.has comehere B.has startedto workC.has livedthere D.has leftthe university、(改成反意疑问句)1He hasnever surfed,、(对划线部分提问)2They havebeen heresince
2000.they beenhere、()(动词填空)3The oldman lastyear.He fora year.die、(同义句转换)4This factoryopened twentyyears ago.This factoryfor twentyyears.、(同义句转换)5Miss Gaoleft an hour ago.Miss Gao______________________________________anhourago.、(同义句)6Her motherhas beena Partymember forthree years.Her motherthe Partythree years.、(同义句转换)7The GreenFamily movedto Francetwoyearsago.twoyearsthe Greenfamily movedtoFrance.、(把两个句子合并成一个句子)8The bushas arrivedhere.It arrivedten minutesago.
三、汉译英、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了
1、他昨天收到一封信
2、我父亲以前到过长城
3、她还没有看过那部新电影
4、她去过上海
5、他这些天上哪儿去了?6参考答案
一、单项选择、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将1来,重点在于对现在的影响这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B、现在完成时常与(已经),(刚刚,正好),(曾经),(从来,也不;从不),2already justever neverbefore(以前),(仍然)等连用故应选yet2B、3C、现在完成时常与(近来),(到目前为止),一段时间”等时间状语连用4recently sofar inthe pastflast+因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的故应选4D、5C、现在完成时时常与时间段或+过去时间点”连用(含从句,从句过去时)故应选6“for+since6C、7C、现在完成时还与(一次),(两次),(三次),(几次)等表示重8once twicethree timesseveral times复次数的词语连用故应选、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在8B9过去,但二者又有区别一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如等)连用故的正确答案为yesterday,last week,a momentago9B、10B、现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与和引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性11forsince动词来代替故的正确答案依次为11Do、、、、12B13A14C15Ao16uhave/hasgoneto+地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来),指主语所指的人不在这儿Jhave/has beenin地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用地点”表示“曾经去过某“have/hasbeento++地(但现在已不在那儿)”故的正确答案为16A、、、、17A18D19C20C
二、句型转换、、1has he2Howlong、、3died,has beendead4has beenopen;5^hasbeenaway6^joined ago、、7It is,since8The bushasbeenhere fortenminutes.
三、汉译英、1Jim hasfinished doinghis homeworkalready.He isfree now.、2He receiveda letteryesterday.、3My fatherhasbeentotheGreat Wallbefore.、4She hasntseenthenew filmyet.、5She hasbeentoShanghai.、6Where hashe beenthese days。
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