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选修语法课虚拟语气用法详解6Unit1Art.条件句中虚拟语气的形式1从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式动词过去式用动词原be wereshould+将来形动词原形were to+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词过去式用现在be were动词原形would/should/might/could+动词过去分词过去had+动词过would/should/might/could have+去分词.条件中的虚拟语气的举例2将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气如1If heshould goto QingHua University,he wouldmake fulluse ofhis time.如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声If he were tocome here,he would tell usabout it.现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气如2要是他有空的话，他会帮助我们的If hewere free,he wouldhelp us.If hestudied atthis school,he wouldknow youwell.如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气如3If I had seenthe film,I would have toldyou about it.我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了If Ihad gotthere earlier,I would have metMr.Li.如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题
3.当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词若是系动词时，可用代替但1be waswere在倒装虚拟结构及中，只能用如if Iwere you,as itwere were要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习Were Iten yearsyounger,I wouldstudy abroad..我要是你的话，要尽力抓住这次机会If Twere you,I wouldtry mybest tograsp thechance混合虚拟语气/错综时间条件句2有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待
①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符如If Ihad workedhard atschool,I would be anengineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If theyhad informedus,we would not comehere now.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了
②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符如If hewere freetoday,we wouldhave senthim toBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了If heknew her,he wouldhave greetedher.
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反如If ithad not been rainingtoo much,the cropswouldbegrowing muchbetter.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好If hehad beenworking hard,he wouldbe workingin theoffice now.要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合I wouldhave gone to visithim in the hospitalhad itbeen atall possible,but Iwas fullyoccupied thewhole of该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述last week.Your mathinstructor wouldhave beenhappy togive youa make-up examinationhad yougone andexplainedthat yourparents wereill at the time.该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟如果你去并且解释的话，但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had beeno当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有时，可省略，而将等词置于3were,should,had ifwere,should,had句首如要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去Should heagree togo there,we wouldsend himthere.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的Were shehere,she wouldagree withus.Had helearnt aboutcomputers,we wouldhave hiredhim towork here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断如4我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了I wouldhave come to seeyou,but Iwas toobusy.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢But forhis help,we wouldbe workingnow.Without yourinstruction,I would not havemade suchgreat progress.要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情
①省5略从句.他本该完成了He wouldhave finishedit你应该会通过这次考试了You could have passedthis exam.
②省略主句要是我现在在家里该多好啊If Iwere athome now.要是我得到它了该多好啊If onlyIhadgot it.所接从句的虚拟语气
2.wish对现在虚拟对过去虚拟wish+that+didwere wish+that+had done对将来虚拟wish+would/could/might+do从句的虚拟语气
3.would rather对现在/将来虚拟对过去虚拟I wouldrather sb.did sth.I wouldrather sb.+had done一个坚持两个命令三条建议
4.insist;order,command;suggest,advise,propose;六项要求demand,request,require,ask;urge,desire+that sb.should dosth.注意表暗示，表明时表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气suggest insist使用虚拟语气的固定句型
5.It is+adj.important,necessary,natural,right,strange,surprising•••+that sb.shoulddo sth.It is+n.a pity/a shame+that sb.should dosth.不可省略It ishigh,about,low time+thatsb.did sth./sb.should dosth.shouldShe takescare ofthe orphanas ifhewereher ownchild.含蓄虚拟（如果不是因为）
6.but for==If itwere notfor/If ithadnt beenfor,without,otherwiseBut foryour help,I wouldhave failed.Without themoney,I wouldnotbealive now.She wasntfeeling verywell.Otherwise she wouldn*t haveleft themeeting soearly.即时练习
（一）、选择最佳答案
1.1didnt seeyour sisteratthemeeting.If she,she wouldhave metmy brother.A.has comeB.did comeC.came D.had come
2.fbr thefree tickets,I wouldnthave goneto thefilms sooften.A.If itis notB.Were itnot C.Had itnot beenD.If theywere not
3.1supported himin time,otherwise heoff thebike.A.might fallB.would fallC.should havefallen D.wouldhavefallen
4.Without liberationwe anew life.A.wouldnotbegin B.did notbegin C.had notbegun D.wouldnothave begun
5.If onlygrandmother thistogether withus now.A.will seeB.could seeC.must seeD.should see
6.Henry wouldrather hismother inthe schoolwhere heis studying.A.not workB.not workedC.didn*t workD.not working
7.Is itnecessary that he the examination beforehe asksfor aleaveA.takes B.has totake C.must takeD.take
8.It isurged thatno smokinginthelibrary andother smoke-free zoneson thecampus.A.should allowB.be allowedC.will beallowed D.is allowed
9.It isstrange thathe youthis.A.wouldtellB.should tellC.had toldD.has told
10.My suggestionis thata fewmore peoplethere tohelp me.A.be sentB.have sentC.sent D.should sent
11.We feltas ifwe eachother foryears whenwe firstmet eachother..A.knew B.were knowingC.had knownD.have known
12.Janes paleface suggestedthat sheill,and herparents suggestedthat sheA.be;should haveB.was;have C.should be;had D.was;hasmedical examination.
13.1wish youhim mytelephone number,but youdid.A.didnt giveB.hadnt givenC.wouldnt giveD.shouldnt give
14.It has been rainingfor aday,but eventhough ithadnt rained,we thereby tomorrow.A.cant getB.wont getC.hadnt gotD.wouldnt get一--“Oh,rd ratheryou.”
15.Ive toldeveryone aboutit.”C.couldnt D.wouldntA・didnt B.hadnt
16.1wish thatI withyou lastnight.A.went B.have goneC.could goD.couldhavegone
17.Looking roundthe town,he feltas thoughhe awayfor ages.A.hasbeenB.was C.is D.had been
18.Td ratheryou anythingaboutitfor thetime being.A.do B.didnt doC.dont D.didnt
19.the Englishexamination Iwouldhavegonetothe concertlast Sunday.A.In spiteof B.But forC.Because ofD.As for
20.Hes workinghard forfear thathe.A.should fallbehind B.fell behindC.may fallbehind D.would fallbehind
（二）、完成句子.（要是他们花同样多的时
1.they didplaying thecomputer games,they wouldhave passedtheexam间学习）（spend）.（本应该
2.Over years,now wecometorealize ourtime多么充分地使用）（make）
3.It looksas ifwe whatwe areasked.（另无它法只能做）（）choice（宁愿饿死）（）
4.He ratherthan steal.prefer（结束战争）
5.The peopleexpressed theirdesire thatsoon.（）come.（没有它他会走失）（）
6.Fortunately,the youngman boughta mapwithout（你建议我怎么做）（）
7.deal withthe problemsuggest.（居然被欺骗）
8.Tm surprisedthat bysuch asimple trick（）fool.（竟然犯了这样的罪）（）
9.Ifs surprisingthat thisrespectable gentlemancommit
10.He wentagainst theadvice ofhis colleaguesandresigned.（知道当前的形势）（aware）学生小结______________________________________________________________________自我反思学生反思_______________________________________________________________________教师反思:Keys:DCDDB CDBBACBBDB DDBBAKeys:l.If theyhad/Had theyspent asmuch timestudying as
2.what fulluse weshould havemade of
3.had nochoice butto do
4.prefers tostarve todeath
5.the warshould cometo anend
6.without whichhewouldhave beenlost
7.What doyou suggestI shoulddo to
8.you should have beenfooled
9.shouldhavecommitted sucha crime
10.thatheshould beaware ofthe presentsituation。
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