高中英语构词法讲解与练习

高中英语构词法讲解与练习一.类别英语构词法主要有合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法二.定义与精讲转化法

1.）英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫1作转化法）动词转化为名词2

①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如,我们到外面去散散步吧Lets goout fora walk

②有时意思有一定变化，如.他是一个体格健壮的汉子He isa manof strongbuild

③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如咱们游泳吧Lets havea swim.）名词转化为动词2

①很多表示物件，如你订好飞机座位了吗？Did youbook aseat onthe plane

②身体部位，如请把那本书递给我Please handme thebook.

③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康She nursedher husbandback tohealth.

④某些抽象名词也可作动词如.我们在一起吃了午餐We lunchedtogether）形容词转化为动词3有少数形容词可以转化为动词如我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况We willtry ourbest tobetter ourliving conditions.）副词转化为动词4有少数副词可以转化为动词例如.（谚语）恶事终必将败露Murder willout）形容词转化为名词5

①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服You shouldbe dressedin blackat thefuneral.

②某些形容词如等与连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复old,young,poor,rich,wounded,injured the数如下，如:我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活The oldin ourvillage areliving ahappy life..派生法2在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法）前缀1除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化⑴表示否定意义的前缀常用的有等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相dis-,il-,im-,in-,ir-,mis-,non-,un-反的新词例如出现消失appear fdisappear正确的不正确的correct fincorrect带领领错lead fmislead停下不停stop fnon-stop（）表示其他意义的前缀常用的有（多构成表语形容词）,（反对；抵抗）,（自动）,（共同）,（使）,2a-anti-auto-co-en-inter-alone单独的antigas防毒气的（互相）,（再;又）,（下面的；次；小）,（强调距离）等例如re-sub-tele-cooperate合作enjoy使高兴自动图表autochart互联网再用internet reuse地铁电话subway telephone）后缀2英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词（）构成名词的后缀常用的有（）（从事某事的人）,（某地人），（雌性），

2.Th.soldie.die.fo.savin.th.child,s.his.i.heavie.tha.Moun.Tai.A.die B.dead C.died D.death

3.Th.chil.looke.a.hi.brothe.wh.wa.badl.wounded.A.sadly B.sadness C.sadely D.sad

4.H.i.a.exper.a.chemistry.W.aLcal.hi..・A.chemistry B.chemicalC.chemist D.physician

5.Th.three.chai.isn’.suitabLfo..younxhild.H.ma.faLoff.A.Iegging B.legged C.Iegs D.leged

6.Stephenso.becam.the railwa.enginee.i.th.world.A.lead.B.leader C.leading D.leadership

7.When theteacher praisedhim forworking outthe mathsproblem,Jack lookedabout athis classmates.A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely

8.T0everyone s,the girlfinished thejob quitewell.A.satisfled B.satisfactoryC.satisfying D.satisfaction一

9.What areyou doinghere一Oh,my teacherasked meto writea passageabout in English.—You canwrite passageinEnglish；.600-wordsB.600-word；.600-words；.600-word；D.

60.words.600-wordslO.N.on.shoul.ente.th.spo.withou.the o.th.police.A.permit B.permissionC.permitting D.permittencell.Yo.mus.com.wit.u.t.th.polic..Ou.hea.i.waitin.fo.you.A.headquarters B.headlineC.headmaster D.headache

12.Letting thatanimal escapewas noaccident；you diditA.intend B.intentionC.intentionalL D.intentional

13.Th.sho.owne.welcome.al.th.guest.wit.a smile.A.practice B.practiseC.practical D.practiced

14.The ordere.hi.t.pa..$

10.fine.A.judger B.judgmentC.judge D.judgement

15.M.T.i.ou.o.order.Ca.yo.tel.m.wha.i.the new.abou.Ira.War.A.lately B.IatestC.later D.latter

16.Th.Grea.Wal.i.inor.tha.

600.

1.i..A.longer B.lengthC.Iong D.longing

17.To my,I passedthe exameasily.A.joy B.joyfulC.joyless D.joyness

18.CanadJ.mainl.an country.A.English-speaking B.speak-EnglishC.spoken-English D.English-spoken

19.How.h.is.H.i.alway.acting.H.i.realL.・A.foolish；foolishly；foolB.fool；foolish；foolC.foolish；fool；foolD.foolishly；foolish；fool,.o.grea.・A.valuable B.valueC.valueless D.unvaluable2X.Ther.were fis.i.th.rive.i.SouLAmerica.A.i.danger B.dangerC.dangerous D.dangerless

22.The letterb inthe worddoubt is.A.sound・B・silen…C.silence.D.sounded23・A.stranger B.strangel...C.strange.D.strangeless

24.The blackpeople wereagainst slaveryand foughtfor theirbravely.A.free B.freel....C.freedom.D.frees

25.Wha.yo.sai.sounded.bu.i.fac.i.wa.untrue.A.reasonable B.reasonfulC.reasonless D.unreason

26.W.hav.t.lear.technolog.fro.othe.countries.A.advance B.advancin...C.advantage・D.advanced

27.Th.childre.liv.i..villag..The.com.her.almos.ever.day.A.nearby B.nea・・・・・28A.official；officer；officeB.officer；office；officialC.official；official；officialD.officer；official；office

29.You,d bettergive upsmoking ifyou wantto keep.A.health B.health..C.healthily.D.healthier

30.speaking,I didnt doit onpurpose.A.Honestly B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest［参考答案］1-5BDACB6-10CBDCB11-15ACDCB16-20BAAAB21-25CBBCA26-30DADBA。