上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题

上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高三上学期9月月考英语试题考试时间120分钟试卷总分120分

一、语法填空本大题共10小题，共15分阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容I个单词或括号内单词的正确形式With thepassing of2018and SpringFestival,we1start a new importantyear already.This yearis oneof thefinal steppingstones to becoming a2moderate prosperoussociety in

2020.Meanwhile,2019marksthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.Topreparefor2019,thegovernmentmade3iteconomicagenda事项clearattheCentralEconomicWorkConference,4attendbythecountry,sleadersin Beijingin December.Great attentionwill keep on5pay toChina*s growthperformance in

2019.To meetthe targetof doubling2010GDP bythe endof2020,it needs to averageabout

6.3percent thisyear andnext.Meanwhile,ChinawillhostthesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinApril.Atthisevent,the Belt and Road Initiative,6has hugepotential todrive economicgrowth,wi11take greatershape.This yearis also1ikely topave theway fora number of technological7advance.China isexpected torol1out5G,the nexlgeneration of8wire technology,next year.Il sup to100times faster9the current4Gtechnology.It will be ayear forChina to reflect10its pastand futuredirection,

二、选词填空本大题共10小题，共10分Directions:Fill ineach blankwith aproper wordchosen fromthe box.Each wordcan beused onlyonce.Note thatthere is oneword morethan youneed.AA.source B.steep C.irrelevant I,moderate E.reg rowF.documentedG.motivated H.equivalent I.comparatively J.adapt K.constantlyAdventure of a LifetimeI was drivingwith afriend recentlyand tellinghim about a newbook I*mworking on,an articler mwritingand thisnew hobbyof adventuremotorcycling in the desert.He interruptedme andsaid,“How doyou stayso11about thingswI hadnt reallyconsidered the why behindmylist ofactivities.But asI thoughtabout it,I realizedthat theone aspecteach of these projectshad to makeme soexei tedwas thefeeling ofbeing injust a little over my head.It*s easy to wonderhow doingstuff thatmakes youuncomfortable,and mightnoI evenwork,is an12ofmotivation.I couldnot getmy friend,s questionout ofmy headand wonderedwhether Iin wireddifferently.Butthere,s somethingaboutasink-or-swim environmentthat excitesme.I postedon Instagramabout13getting in alittleovermyhead,and my friend DallasHartwig toldme aboutthisconcept calledhormesis,a phenomenonby whichsomething that could significantlydamage oreven killyou inhighdoses canmake you stronger inlow doses,or as the National Institutes of Health putsit,an adaptiveresponseof cellsand organismsto an14stress.What doesnt killyou makesyoustrongeris notanewconcept.It swell15that theway to grow muscleis tosplit themuscle tissue,and thengive ittime to16So whatif wedid the same thingin otherareas ofour1ives11makes sensethat thebusiness17of bui Idingmuscle istrying newthings.When youthrow yourselfinto thedeep endof somethingnew,you oftenface an18learning curve.That forcesyou togrow,19,change anddevelop yourskill set.Il sa1most20if theparticularproject endsup succeeding,because thevery actof takingon somethingnew helpsyou become better atyour workoverall.

三、完形填空本大题共15小题，共30分When my1ittlc sisterIndi turnedsix,she started21my everymove.She wouldrepeat whateverI saidor did,which gotme annoyed.One afternoonmyfriendMareya and I weremaking bracelets手链.What areyou doingM Indi asked,22down nexttous althe table.May Imake oneloo”I23but Mareya said yes.Indi squeezed挤in so24to meihal I couldhardly seewhalI wasdoing.I asked her to give memore25but shesaid shewas tryingto seemy move clearly.You dont haveto see what I,m doing.You canmake yourown design!MItold herin an26voice.I can!M shesaid.But shewas stillusing27the samething asI wasusing.Later,Mareya suggestedplaying theguitar.I didnt want Indi to28me sowe wentto thebackyard.29tenminutes later,Indi turnedup“you arealways following me,andIm30it!”As soonas thosewords cameout ofmymouth,I wishedI hadnever saidthem.Indi wassurprised and her eyes started filling up with31She ranaway32Icouldsay anotherword.故选B项

27.考查副词词义辨析句意但是，她仍然用跟我的完全一样的东西A.gradually渐渐地；B.finally最后；C.exactly精确地；D.hardly几乎不根据这句话的“But（但是）”可知，虽然妹妹说她可以自己设计，但是还是用跟我的完全一样的东西这样，上下文正好构成转折关系故选C项

28.考查动词词义辨析句意我不想妹妹跟着我，所以我们去了后院A.support支持；B.surprise使吃惊；C.follow跟随；D.recognize认出根据上一段^1askedher togive memore5（我要求她给我一些空间）”的描述可知，作者不喜欢妹妹模仿她所以，当朋友提出弹吉他的时候，她不愿意妹妹跟着故选C项

29.考查连词词义辨析句意但是，10分钟之后，Indi还是出现了A.But但是；B.So因此；C.Or或者，否则；D.Until直到上一句I didntwantIndito8me sowe wenttothe backyard（我不想妹妹跟着我，所以我们去了后院）”意思是作者不想妹妹跟着，而这一句9ten minuteslater,Indi turnedup（但是，10分钟之后，Indi还是出现了）”10分钟之后，Indi还是出现了可知，上下文是转折关系故选A项

31.考查名词词义辨析句意Indi很吃惊,她的眼中开始溢满泪水A.tears眼泪;B.life生活,生命；C.trust信任;D.joy快乐根据上句you arealways f信lowingme,andr mit!（你总是跟着我，很讨厌！）”可知作者对妹妹说她讨厌妹妹，这肯定让妹妹很伤心，所以哭了故选A项

32.考查连词词义辨析句意我还没来得及说其它的话，她就跑开了A.if如果；B.though虽然；C.before在.......之前；D.since自从，既然根据上一句话“Indi wassurprisedand hereyesstartedfillingupwith11（Indi很吃惊，她的眼中开始溢满泪水）”妹妹很伤心和这句话的结构可知，妹妹应该是在作者说其它的话之前跑开的故选C项

33.考查形容词词义辨析句意我不喜欢不属于我的影子，但我也为我说的话感到抱歉A.positive积极的；B.sorry抱歉的；C.powerful强大的；D.confused困惑的根据这句话里的“but（但是）”可知，上下文是转折的关系，所以，作者虽然不喜欢不属于她的影子，但也为她对妹妹说的话感到抱歉故选B项

34.考查动词词义辨析句意你改变一下你看待这种情况的方式也是值得的A.understand理解；B.challenge挑战；C.learn学习；D.change改变根据下一1句She actslike yourshadowbecause shelooks upto you（她像你的影子，因为她尊敬你）”可知，妹妹模仿她是因为仰慕她，所以，朋友劝说作者改变一下看待这件事情的态度故选D项

35.考查名词词义辨析句意无论如何，她也应该被尊重、被善待A.confidence自信；B.humor幽默；C.anger生气；D.respect尊重根据上句话“Now Istill rememberMareya，s words and feel less botheredby Indi，s behavior（现在我仍然记得玛瑞娅的话，对英迪的行为感到不那么烦恼了）”可知，作者对她妹妹的行为不再觉得那么的烦了，所以就意识到她的妹妹也应该被尊重、被善待故选D项

36.C

37.A

38.D

39.C【导语•】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了美国高中阶段的强制性社区服务

36.细节理解题根据第一段“Many statesand districtshave theirown regulations.Someschools require students to complete75to100hours ofcommunity serviceto graduate.Other schoolofficials allowyouth toreceive coursecredits.But schooldistrictsstruggle tofind thebest approachto bringinga real-world aspectto learning.（许多州和地区都有自己的规定一些学校要求学生完成75到100小时的社区服务才能毕业其他学校官员允许青少年获得课程学分但各学区都在努力寻找将现实世界的一面融入学习的最佳方法）”可知，强制性社区服务政策，学校的做法各不相同故选C

37.细节理解题根据第二段Supporters ofthis view argue that mandating communityservicewill lead youth to believe that they shouldonly helpothers when they receiveanimmediate benefit in return,and thusultimately discouragevolunteering later inlife.（支持这一观点的人认为，强制社区服务会导致年轻人认为，他们只应该在获得即时回报的情况下帮助他人，从而最终阻碍他们以后的志愿服务）”可知，有些人不同意提供强制性社区服务，是因为这可能会引起对志愿服务价值的误解故选A

38.细节理解题根据第三段“Most researcheither hasfound that mandatory service islinked withheightened intentionto engagein future volunteering orhas notfound linksbetweenmandatory serviceand intentionto volunteer.（大多数研究要么发现强制服务与未来志愿服务意愿的增强有关，要么没有发现强制服务与志愿服务意愿之间的联系）”可知，几乎没有证据表明强制服务会阻碍未来的志愿服务故选D

39.推理判断题根据最后一段“That isto say,the focusof parents,teachers,and schoolofficialsshould beon howto organizehigh-quality serviceactivities.（也就是说，如何组织高质量的服务活动，应该是家长、教师和学校官员的重点）”可推断，作者认为服务活动的质量很重要故选C

40.D

41.A

42.A【导语I本文是一篇说明文文章主要讲述过度学习法则有利于增加我们记忆的时间

40.主旨大意题根据第一段Grown-ups areoften surprisedby howwell they remembersomething they learned aschildren buthave neverpracticed ever since.A manwho hasnot had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever whenhe getsback in the water.He canget ona bicycleafter manyyears andstill rideaway.He cancatch and hita ballas wellas hisson.A motherwho hasnot thoughtabout thewordsfor years can teach her daughter the poemthat beginswith uTwinkle,twinkle,littlestar”or rememberthe storyof Cinderellaor Goldilocksand theThree Bears.（成年人经常惊讶于他们对小时候学过但从未练习过的东西的记忆有多好一个多年没有机会去游泳的人，当他回到水中时，仍然可以游得和以前一样好多年后，他可以骑自行车离开他和儿子一样能接球和击球一位多年没想过这些词的母亲可以教女儿一首以‘一闪一闪，小星星开头的诗，或者记住《灰姑娘》或《金发姑娘和三只熊》的故事）”可知，第一段主要讲述人们很清楚地记得他们在童年学到的东西故选D

41.推理判断题根据第二段“One explanationis thelawofoverlearning^which can beunderstood asfollows:once we have learnedsomething,additional learning practiceincreases thelength oftime wewill remember it.（一种解释是过度学习法则，可以理解为一旦我们学到了一些东西，额外的学习练习会增加我们记住它的时间）”和第三段“Inchildhood we usually continue to practise such skillsas swimming,bicycle riding,andplaying baseballlong afterwe havelearned them.We continueto listento andremindourselves of words such as Twinkle,twinkle,little star”and childhoodstories suchas Cinderella and Goldilocks.We notonly learnbutoverlearn.（在童年时期，我们通常会在学习游泳、骑自行车和打棒球等技能很久之后继续练习我们继续倾听并提醒自己‘一闪，一闪，小星星’等词语和灰姑娘、金发姑娘等童年故事我们不仅学习，而且过度学习）”可知，作者利用举例子的方式来阐述过度学习法则故选A

42.推理判断题根据最后一段Thelawofoverlearning explainswhy cramming（突击学习）for anexamination,though itmay resultin apassing grade,is nota satisfyingway to learn a college course.By cramming,a studentmay learnthe subjectwell enoughtoget byon theexamination,but heis likelysoon toforget almosteverything helearned.A littleoverlearning,on theother hand,is really necessary for one s futuredevelopment.（过度学习定律解释了为什么为考试而突击学习，尽管可能会导致及格，但并不是学习大学课程的一种令人满意的方式通过突击学习，学生可能会把这门课学得足够好，以通过考试，但他很可能很快就会忘记他学到的几乎所有东西另一方面，一个人的未来发展确实需要一点过度学习）”可知，作者认为突击学习只是在考前有用故选A

43.C

44.B

45.B

46.A【导语】这是一篇说明文主要介绍了效价权重偏差（valence weighting bias）,即个人倾向于积极还是消极态度来适应新环境或者新的工作任务，为解释拖延任务行为提供了新角度俄亥俄州立大学的Russell Fazio和Javier Granados领导的研究发现了消极态度和拖延之间的联系，并且有可能改变权重偏差，逆转拖延任务的趋势

43.细节理解题文章第一段讲到“The psychologicalterm,valence weightingbias,describes people s tendencyto adaptin newcircumstances bydrawing more strongly fromeithertheir positiveor negativeattitudes,or rather,whether negativeor positiveinternal“signals”carry themost weightin guidingpeople,s final behavior.（心理学术语“效价加权偏差”描述了人们在新环境中的适应倾向，通过更强烈地从他们的积极或消极态度中汲取经验，或者更确切地说，无论是消极还是积极的内部“信号”在指导人们的最终行为方面都具有最大的影响力）”可知，效价权重偏差指导人们做各种各样的事情故选C

44.推理判断题文章第三段讲到“Those whothought itwas anawful thingto doprocrastinatedstarting.The studyalso exploredwhether studentsmeasures ofself-control influencedtask-related behaviors:How studentscharacterized theirlevelof motivationabout theresearch program,and ifthat affectedwhether studentsgot anearly start.（那些认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人拖延了开始该研究还探讨了学生的自我控制措施是否影响任务相关行为学生如何表征他们对研究项目的动机水平，以及这是否影响学生是否提前开始）”可知，认为这是一件糟糕的事情的人是消极的，这些人参与就晚，因此可推理，认为这是一件好的事情的人就会早参与因此，在第一项研究中，如果学生们更加积极乐观，他们会更早开始参与故选B

45.推理判断题文章第四段讲到“This shiftcaused thestudents toaccumulate credithoursmore quicklythan thegroup whosenegative weightingbias andlow self-controlreliably predictedtheir delay.（这种转变导致学生比负权重偏差和低自制力可靠地预测其延迟的那组学生更快地积累学分）”可知，第四段中的实验说明负权重偏差可以逆转故选Bo

46.细节理解题文章最后一段讲到“Negative weightingbias canhave apositive effecton behavior,though.（然而，负权重偏见可能对行为产生积极影响）”可知，最后一段传达的信息是负权重偏差可能是有益的故选A

47.A

48.E

49.B

50.C【导语】这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了南极旅游正在变得流行，但也引发了环境问题

47.根据上文“More peopleare visitingAntarctic,the frozencontinent thanever before.（比以往任何时候都有更多的人去南极这个冰冻的大陆旅游）”可知，本句承接上文,具体说明去南极旅游的情况故A选项“本旅游季游客人数首次突破10万人，比之前的纪录高出40%”符合语境，故选A

48.彳艮据上文“The distancemost visitorstravel toreach Antarcticamakes carbonemissions a serious problem.（大多数游客前往南极洲的距离使碳排放成为一个严重的问题）”以及后文“One studycalculated that each tourist between2016and2020was effectivelymelting around83tonnes ofsnow,due largelyto emissions from vacation ships.（一项研究计算出，2016年至2020年期间，每位游客实际上融化了约83吨雪，这主要是由于度假船的排放）”可知，本句主要说明游客导致的环境问题，故E选项“南极游客的人均碳排放量为

3.76吨一一大约是一个人一整年的碳排放总量”符合语境，故选E

49.根据本段内容“The AntarcticTreaty,established in1961to providegovernance forthe continent,operates ona consultativebasis,which meansall56parties haveto agreebefore a change can be put into action.The lastmajor decisionon tourism was a measurepassed in2009that prohibitsvacation shipscarrying morethan500passengers frommakinglandings.That regulationhas stillnot officiallybeen carriedout asnot everysignatory country hasaccepted itdomestically.（1961年为管理南极大陆而建立的《南极条约》是在协商的基础上运作的，这意味着必须得到所有56个缔约国的同意，才能将改变付诸行动上一次有关旅游业的重大决定是2009年通过的一项措施，禁止载有500名以上乘客的度假船靠岸由于并非每个签署国都在国内接受了该规定，因此该规定尚未正式执行）”可知，本段主要介绍了南极的管理存在的问题故B选项“南极处于危险之中，不仅是因为其环境的脆弱性，还因为缺乏一个单一的管理机构”符合语境，故选B

50.根据上文There isclear agreementthat somethingneeds tochange,but noagreementon what those changes should be.（大家一致认为有些事情需要改变，但对于这些改变应该是什么却没有一致意见）”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，举例说明如何保护南极环境故C选项“例如，我们应该在更多的地点着陆，还是应该尽可能地减少人类的足迹？”符合语境，故选C

51.This articlereports a discovery thatmovie characters and locations can bedecodedby monitoringbrain neuronactivity duringfilm viewing,shedding lighton memorystoragemechanisms.It explainsthis througha studywhere researchersanalyzed neuronalresponsesof participantswatching amovie,using AIto linkspecific neuralactivitiesto filmfeatures,demonstrating real-life applicationof neuroscience.【导语】这是一篇说明文这篇文章报道了一项发现，电影人物和地点可以通过在观看电影时监测大脑神经元的活动来解码，从而揭示记忆存储机制研究人员通过分析观看电影的参与者的神经反应，利用人工智能将特定的神经活动与电影特征联系起来，展示了神经科学在现实生活中的应用【详解】

1.要点摘录©Movie charactersand locationscan be deciphered（破译）by monitoringthe activityof people s neurons（神经元）while theywatch afilm,a discovery that couldhelp usunderstand how the brain stores memories asthey arebeing made.

②The researchersused thisopportunity torecord the activity ofabout2300neuronsin and around eachindividual shippocampus while they watchedthe filmDaysofSummer.

③Gerken andher colleaguesthen usedan artificialintelligence modelto analysehowthese neural responses differed according to specific features of the film,such ascharactersand locations,and visualcategories,like scene transitions.

④Rodrigo QuianQuiroga at the Universityof Leicesterin theUK saysthe resultsare“very solid”and“a goodstep forwardsto understandinghow thememory systemfunctions in real-life situations”.2•缜密构思将第1个要点进行重组，将

2、

3、4三个要点进行整合将总结性语句放在文章最后

3.遣词造句This articlereports adiscoverythatmovie charactersand locationscan bedecoded bymonitoringbrain neuronactivity duringfilm viewing,shedding lighton memorystoragemechanisms.It explainsthis througha studywhere researchersanalyzed neuronal responses ofparticipantswatching amovie,using AIto linkspecific neuralactivities tofilmfeatures,demonstrating real-life applicationof neuroscience.

52.直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢【详解】考查句子结构主语aThe developmentof Westernart^意为“西方艺术的发展”，谓语slowed意为“缓慢”，介词until意为“直到，其宾语“the invention of photography inthe mid-19th century,,意为“19世纪中叶摄影术发明”故翻译为直到19世纪中叶摄影术发明之前，西方艺术的发展缓慢

53.过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长【详解】考查句型分析句子可知，这是考查there be句型In thepast fewdecades”在过去的几十年”是介词短语做时间状语，there hasbeen“已经有”是there be句型的现在完成时结构,a dramatic increase“急剧增加”是名词做主语，in thenumber ofpeople”在人的数量上”是介词短语做后置定语，studying abroad”在国外学习”是现在分词短语做后置定语故翻译为过去几十年里，留学人数急剧增长

54.This restaurantis a perfect place where we can hold a birthday party for Dad.【详解】考查定语从句和短语主语为This restaurant；表示“是一个完美地方”应用be aperfectplace,后跟where引导的定语从句；从句主语为we；表示“给爸爸举行生日聚会”翻译为hold abirthday partyfor Dad,can后跟动词原形为一般现在时故翻译为Thisrestaurant is aperfectplacewherewecanholdabirthdaypartyforDad.

55.If wemakeno more efforts,a largenumber of wild animalswill be in danger.【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态此处为if引导的条件状语从句，主语为we；表示“不作出更多的努力”短语为make nomore efforts；表示“大量的野生动物”主语为a largenumber ofwild animals；表示“处境危险”短语为be in danger此处为“主将从现“故o翻译为If wemake nomoreefforts,a largenumberofwildanimalswillbein danger.

56.In thepast twomonths,I paida visit to almostevery cornerof thecampus.Thereare manyinteresting pacesto hangaround withfriends,but myfavorite isour library.The libraryis aremarkable buildinglocated in the centerof thecampus.It isathree-storey buildingwith modernappearance andconvenient facilities.On thegroundfloor there is a grand hall in the middle of the library.A widerange of art works aredisplayed here.School staffand studentscan enjoyreading on the secondand thethirdfloors wherethere arelots ofbookshelves andmany comfortablesofas.The libraryis designedto bethe destinationfor all,especially forme,becauseI ama booklover.With itscentral heatingand aircleaning systems,I canhave agreattime roamingin theworld ofbooks,which isthe reasonwhy Iadore itso much.【分析】本篇书面表达属于记叙文，要求考生描述学校里自己最喜欢去的某个场馆、教室或某处的景观布置，并说明你喜欢的理由【详解】

1.词汇积累参观，访问pay avisittof visit弓I人注目的remarkable fextraordinary/excellent舒适的comfortable fcosy非常喜欢adore flike/love

2.句式拓展原句On theground floorthereis a grandhall in the middleof thelibrary.A widerange ofart worksare displayed here.拓展句On theground floorthereisagrandhallin themiddleof thelibrary,wherea widerangeofartworksaredisplayed.1disliked theshadow（影子）that didntbe1ong to me,but Ialso felt33about whatI said.It sworth tryingto34thewhyyou seethe situat ion.She actslike yourshadowbecause shelooks upto you.Mareya saidto me.Now Istill rememberMareyaswordsandfeellessupset aboutIndi,s behavior.Anyway,sheshould betreated with35and kindness.

21.A.correcting B.copying C.admiring D.inspiring

22.A.putting B.writing C.sitting D.looking

23.A.refused B.waited C.accepted D.asked

24.A.well B.much C.apart D.close

25.A.room B.frecdom C.options D.opinions

26.A.nervous B.impatient C.excited.D.curious

27.A.gradually B.finally C.exactly1）.hardly

28.A.support B.surprise C.fol lowD.recognize

29.A.But B.So C.Or D.Until

30.A.proud ofB.impressed withC.unfamiliar withD.tired of

31.A.tears B.life C.trust D.joy

32.A.if B.though C.before D.since

33.A.positive B.sorry C.powerful D.confused

34.A.understand B.challenge C.learn D.change

35.A.confidence B.humor C.anger D.respect

四、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30分）Over thepast20years,mandatory（强制的）communi lyservice policies havecome tomany U.S.high schools.Many statesand districtshave theirown regulations.Some schoolsrequirestudents tocomplete75to100hoursofcommunity servicetograduate.Other schoolofficialsallowyouth toreceivecoursecredits.Butschooldistrictsstruggle tofind thebest approachto bringinga real-world aspectto learning.Mandatory community service programswere implementedto helpconnect youthto othersand toteach themhowtocontributetotheircommunity.However,theideaofmandatorycommunityservicehasbeenthesourceofcontroversy（争议）.Parentsandstudentshavefiledlawsuitschallengingthelegalityofmandatoryservicepolicics.Supportersof thisviewarguethat mandatingcommunity servicewi11leadyouthtobe1ieve thatthey shouldonly helpotherswhen theyreceive animmediate bcncfitinreturn,and thusultimately discouragevolunteering laterin1ifc.Butlegal scholarshave concludedthatmandatingcommuni tyservice islegally permissible.Does mandatory service undermine削弱motivation toparticipate involuntary serviceMost researcheitherhas foundthat mandatory serviceislinked withheightened intentionto engagein futurevolunteering orhas notfound links betweenmandatoryserviceand intentionto volunteer.The resultmay seemcontradictory tootherdevelopmental theorythat stressesthe importanceof autonomyfor personalmotivation andhealthy development.Onepossibility isthatmandatoryservice mayprevent intentionto engagein futureservice ifyouth reflect on theirexperienceand donot findany valuein participationother than to finishthe mandate.Service experiencesgreatly vary,and thelevel ofenjoyment ormeaning youthget fromtheir servicemay betiedto the typeofactivity theyperform.Volunteer experiencesthat provideteenagers withan opportunity togrow,tomake friends,toreflecton socialproblems,and todevelop a sense ofpurposeprovide themwi thgreater benefitsincludinggreater intentionto volunteerinthefuture comparedto thosewithout theseopportunities.Thus,maindatcd servicethat involvesorganizational taskse.g.,clearing floors,filing papersand othertypes ofactivitiesthat donot provideyoulh withhigh-quality experiences,may notbe servingiheir purpose.That istosay,thefocusofparents,teachers,andschoolofficialsshouldbeonhowtoorganizehigh-qualityserviceactivities.

36.What dowe knowabout mandatory communityservicepoliciesA.They have a longhistory.B.Communities requirethe policies.C.Schoolspracticethemdifferently.D.Schoolsknowthe bestwaytoadoptthem.

37.Whydosomepeopledisagreewith providingmandatorycommunityserviceA.It maycause amisunderstanding ofthe vaIucof volunteering.B.It maymake studentsvalue moneyinstead ofserving.C.I maywaste students*learning time.D.It may bein asenseagainst thelaw.

38.What canwe learnfrom mostresearch mentionedin paragraph3A.Motivation inmandatoryserviceisakey factor.B.Developmental theorymaybein favorof mandatoryservice.C.People mayget differentfeelings fromthesameservice experience.D.Little evidenceshows mandatoryservice discouragesfuturevolunteering.

39.Which ofthe followingmight theauthor agreewithA.Mandatory servicediscourages motivation.B.Required servicecanbeboth goodand bad.C.The qualityof serviceactivities isimportant.D.Volunteering shouldbe amust forgraduation.Grown-ups areoften surprisedby howwel1theyremembersomething theylearned aschildren buthave neverpracticedeversince.A manwho hasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimas wellaseverwhenhe getsbackinthewater.He canget ona bicycleafter manyyears andstill rideaway.He cancatch andhit aballaswellas hisson.A motherwho hasnot thoughtabout thewords foryearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthat beginswith“Twinkle,twinkle,little star“or rememberthe storyof CinderellaorGold!locksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbeunderstoodasfollows:oncewehaveIearnedsomething,addi tionallearningpracticeincreases thelength oftime wewi11rememberit.In chiIdhoodweusuallycontinuetopractisesuchski1Is asswimming,bicycle riding,and playingbasebal1long afterwehavelearned them.We continueto listento andremind ourselvesofwordssuch as4,Twinkle,twinkle,little starMand chiIdhoodstories suchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.We not,only learnbut overlearn.The multiplicationtables（乘法口诀表）are anexception to the generalrule thatwe forgetrather quicklythethings thatwe learnin school,because theyare anotherofthethings weoverlearn inchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming（突击学习）foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,is nota satisfyingwayto learnacollegecourse.By cramming,a studentmay learnthe subjectwell enoughtoget byon theexamination,but heis likelysoon toforget almosteverything heI earned.A1i ttlcoverlearning,on theother hand,is rca11ynecessaryforonesfuturedevelopment.

40.What isthe mainidea ofparagraph1A.Stories forchiIdren areeasytoremember.B.Poem readingisagood waytolearnwords.C.Children havea bettermemory thangrown-ups.D.People rememberwell whattheylearnedin chiIdhood.

41.The writerexplains thelawofoverlearningby.A.using examplesB.setting downgeneral rulesC.making acomparison D.showing researchfindings

42.What isthe writers opinionon crammingA.It shelpful onlyin someways.B.It leadsto failure in college exams.C.It fs possibleto resultin poormemory.D.11increases sludenlslearning interest.The psychologicalterm,valence weightingbias,describes peoples tendencyto adaptin newcircumstancesby drawingmorestrongly from eithertheir positiveor negativeattitudes,or rather,whether negativeor positiveinternal“signals“carry themost weightin guidingpeoplesfinalbehavior.Studies ledby RussellFazio andJavier Granadosfrom OhioState Universityfoundlinksbetween anegative-leaningattitudeandprocrastination（拖延）andthatit*spossibletoshifttheweightingbiasandreversethe tendencyto delaya task.In thestudy,147college studentsparticipated ina programal lowingthem toaccumulate coursecrcdits forengaginginaresearch.Thosewhothoughtitwasanawfulthingtodoprocrastinatedstarting.Thestudyalsoexploredwhetherstudents,measuresofself-controlinfluencedtask-relatedbehaviors:Howstudentscharacterizedtheirlevelof motivationabout theresearch program,and ifthat affectedwhether studentsgot anearlystart.Results showedthecombinationofnegativeweightingbiasandself-reportedlowinotivationforself-controlwaslinkedtostudentsputting offresearch programparticipation bygetting startedlaterinthe semester.Then thestudents inthe programwho wereself-reported procrastinatorsand whoscored highfor negativeweightingbiaswereaskedtojoininanotherstudy.Researcherstheninspiredonegroupinawaythatledparticipantsto weighpositive andnegative signalsinamore balancedway.This shiftcaused thestudentstoaccumulate credithoursmorequicklythanthe groupwhosenegative weightingbiasandlow self-controlreliably predictedtheirdelay.If somebodyis moremotivated and able tothink moreabout it,that mightbring otherconsiderations thatweakenthe influenceofthevalence weightingbias,“researchers said.Negative weightingbias canhaveapositive effectonbehavior,though.These researchershave alsofoundevidence that a negativeweightingbiasmay helppeop1ebe more realisticwhenthey*re askingthemselves,44HaveI studiedenough forthis test”It sbetter tobemoreobjectively balancedthantobe ateither extreme,M Faziosaid.Bui thesituation wherea particularvalence weightingbias islikely tobe problematicis goingto vary.”

43.What canwe knowabout valence weighting biasA.It isused inmodern technology.B.It influencespeople*s mentalhealth.C.It directswhat peopledo variously.D.1t leadsto delaysin carryingout tasks.

44.Students inthe firststudy wouldstart participatingearlier ifthey.A.suffered fromvalence weightingbias B.drew morestronglyfrompositivityC.thought poorlyof theirself-discipline D.considered themselveslack ofmotivation

45.What doesthe experimentin paragraph4indicateA.High scoreslead tomore consideration.B.Negative weightingbias canbe reversed.C.Participants needprofessional knowledge.D.Measuring properlyis ofvital importance.

46.What messageis conveyedinthelast paragraphA.Negative weightingbias canbe beneficial.B.People needto strivetobepositive atany time.C.Positive poopIc tendtomakerandom decisions.D.Va1enceweightingbias appliesto differentsituations.Antarctic Tourism:Should WeJust SayNoMore peopleare visitingAntarctic,the frozencontinent thanever before.47This hasbrought anew urgencytothe questionof howmuch,if any,tourism shouldbe allowedontheicy continent.The distancemost visitorstravel toreach Antarcticamakes carbonemissionsaseriousproblem.48One studycalculatedthateachtourist between2016and2020was effectivelymeltingaround83tonnes ofsnow,due largelytoemissionsfromvacation ships.49The AntarcticTreaty,established in1961to providegovernance for thecontinent,operates onaconsultative basis,which meansalI56parties haveto agreebeforeachangecanbeputintoaction.The lastmajordecision ontourismwasameasurepassed in2009that prohibitsvacationshipscarrying morethan500passengersfrom makinglandings.That regulationhas stillnot officiallybeen carriedout asnot everysignatorycountryhasaccepted itdomestically.There isclear agreementthat somethingneedstochange,but noagreement onwhatthosechangesshouldbe.50A.The numberof visitorshit100,000forthefirst timethis touristseason,a40%jump overthe previousrecord.B.The Antarcticis atrisknot justbecause ofthe breakabilityof itsenvironment,but duetothelack ofa singlegoverningbody.C.Should landingsbe madeatalarger numberof sitesfor instance,or shouldwe aimto keepthe humanfootprintas smal1as possibleD.If whatyou reallywanI isto connectwith snowand iceand youreinthe northernhalf,can youcatchatrainto thenearest snowregion insteadE.The averageper-person carbonemissions foran Antarctictourist are

3.76tonnes-about thetotal sumthatan individualtypically generatesin anentire year.F.There isso littleregulation nowthat almostanything thatwill protectthe areasby anofficial legalsourcerather thanself-regulated wouldbe reallypositive.

五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20分）

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AI readsbrain activityto tellwhich bitofamovie youare watchingMoviecharactersand locationscanbedeciphered（破译）by monitoringthe activity ofpeople*sneurons（神经元）while theywatch afilm,adiscoverythatcouldhelp usunderstandhow thebrainstoresmemoriesas theyarebeing made.Adeepbrainstructurecalledthehippocampus（海马体）containsneuronsthatencodetheidentityofobjects,suchastools orbuiIdings.The cellsi nvo1ved thenrespond tostimul idepicting thoseobjects.But alotof ourknowledge aboutthis comesfrom studyingpoop1c whilethey viewisolated images,rather thanresponding tochangingscenes.To learnmore,Franziska GerkenattheTechnical Universityof Munichin Germanyandhercolleagues turnedto29people whohad electrodesimplanted intotheir brains.The researchersused thisopportunitytorecord theactivityofabout2300neurons in andaroundeachindividual,shippocampuswhiletheywatchedthefilmDaysofSummer.Gerkenandhercolleaguesthenusedanartificialintelligence modelto analysehow theseneuralresponsesdifferedaccordingtospecificfeaturesofthe film,suchas charactersand locations,and visualcategories,like scenetransitions.When theparticipants rewatchedthefilm,the researcherscould tellwhich contentpeople wereviewing bylookingattheneuronalresponses.The neuronsin al1the regionsinandaround thehippocampus respondedtothefilm sfeatures andvisualcategories,but activityin someregions reflectedthese morethan others.For example,theactivityof visuallyrcsponsivc neuronsinaregion knownastheparahippocampal gyruswas Iinked toscenetransitionsandlocations,whiletheactivityof eelIs inan adjacentregioncalled theamygdala（杏仁核）became activatedwith thepresenceof thefilm smain characters.Rodrigo QuianQuiroga atthe Universityof LeicesterintheUK saysthe resultsare averysolid”andagoodstep forwardsto understandinghowthememory systemfunctionsinreal-life situations.aNeuroscience isfull ofexperiments thatare farfrom real-life memoryfunctioning,so it*s valuabletoanalysesingleneuronresponsestodifferentmoviecharactersandscenestodisentanglethecontributionofdifferentneuron populationsto encodingand storingreal memories,“he says.

六、翻译（本大题共4小题，共12分）

52.The developmentof Westernart sloweduntil theinventionofphotographyinthe midT9th century.（英译汉）

53.In thepast fewdecades,there hasbeen adramaticincreaseinthenumberofpeople studyingabroad.（英译汉）

54.这家餐馆是一个我们可以给爸爸举行生日聚会的完美地方（汉译英）

55.如果我们不作出更多的努力，大量的野生动物将处境危险（indanger）（汉译英）

七、书信写作（本大题共1小题，共25分）

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbe1owinChinese.亲爱的同学，你成为光荣的复兴人已有两个多月了在这段时间里你•定会对我们的校园有很多新的发现，新的体验请描述一下这些日子里，你最喜欢去的校园一角，并说明理由文章内容包括

1.具体描述学校的某个场馆、教室或某处的景观布置；

2.结合亲身经历，说明你喜欢的理由.参考答案:题号21222324252627282930答案B CA DA B C CA D题号31323334353637383940答案A C B DD CA DC D题号41424344454647484950A ACBB AA EBC答案

1.have started

2.moderately

3.its

4.attended

5.being paid

6.which

7.advances

8.wireless

9.than

10.on【分析】这是一篇说明文今年是中国在2020年成为一个适度繁荣社会的最后一步文章主要叙述了2019年将是中国反思过去和未来方向的一年

1.考查动词时态根据下文already可知本句应用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填havestartedo

2.考查副词prosperous为形容词，需要副词修饰，故填moderately

3.考查物主代词句意为迎接2019年，政府在中央经济工作会议上明确了其经济议程agenda为名词，需要形容词修饰，故此处填形容词性物主代词its

4.考查非谓语动词本句已经存在谓语且句中没有连词，故attend只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填过去分词attended

5.考查非谓语动词句意2019年中国经济增长将继续受到高度关注keepondoing sth.后跟动名词做宾语，且pay与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故填being paid

6.考查连接词届时,具有巨大经济增长潜力的“一带一路”倡议将进一步成形本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词the BeltandRoadInitiative且先行词在从句中做主语，故填whicho

7.考查名词的数advance为可数名词，且被a numberof修饰，故应用复数形式advanceso

8.考查形容词句意预计中国明年将推出下一代无线技术5G根据句意此处需要wire的形容词形式wirclcsso

9.考查连词根据上文faster可知此处应用than,表示两者之间的比较

10.考查介词短语reflecton“反应”后跟介词on

11.G

12.A

13.K

14.D

15.F

16.E

17.H

18.B

19.J

20.C【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文作者在文章中探讨了为什么有的人总是干劲儿十足

12.考查形容词句意他打断我说“你是怎么对事情保持如此积极的？”根据“make mesoexcited”以及“motivation”可知，这是让我感到兴奋、积极的，stay后用形容词，motivated表示“积极的”故选G

13.考查名词句意我们很容易想知道，做一些让你不舒服的事情，甚至可能行不通的事情，怎么会是动力的源泉冠词后用名词，source表示“来源”故选A

14.考查副词句意我在Instagram上发布说要不断让自己挑战困难副词修饰动词，constantly表示“不断”故选K

15.考查形容词句意或者用国立卫生研究院National InstitutesofHealth的话来说，“在生物和医学领域，毒物兴奋效应被定义为，细胞和生物对中等强度通常是间歇性的压力的适应性反应”形容词做定语，moderate表示“中等的故选D

16.考查过去分词句意有充分的证据表明，肌肉生长的方法是分裂肌肉组织，然后给它时间重新生长is后用过去分词，documented表示“被记录”故选F

17.考查动词句意有充分的证据表明，肌肉生长的方法是分裂肌肉组织，然后给它时间重新生长不定式后用动词原形，regrow表示“再生”故选E

18.考查形容词句意那么，在商业领域，尝试新事物就相当于锻炼肌肉，这是有道理的形容词作定语•，equivalent表示“等效”故选H

19.考查形容词句意当你全身心投入新事物时，你经常会面临一个陡峭的学习曲线形容词作定语，steep表示“陡峭的”故选B

20.考查动词句意这迫使你成长、适应、改变和发展你的技能force somebodyto do表示“迫使某人做某事”and并列动词，adapt表示“适应”故选J

21.考查形容词句意如果某个项目最终成功了，这几乎是无关紧要的，因为接受新事物的行为会帮助你在工作中变得更好be动词后用形容词，irrelevant表示“无关紧要的”故选C

22.B

22.C

23.A

24.D

25.A

26.B

27.C

28.C

29.A

30.D

31.A

32.C

33.B

34.D

35.D【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章作者开始的时候讲述她的妹妹从6岁的时候开始模仿作者的每一个动作，这导致她很烦她的妹妹可是她的朋友说，她的妹妹之所以模仿她，是因为妹妹仰慕她意识到这一点，她很是羞愧最后，她懂得了，她的妹妹也应该被尊重、被善待

21.考查动词词义辨析句意当我的妹妹从6岁的时候，她开始模仿我的每一个动作A.correcting纠正；B.copying拷贝，复制；C.admiring羡慕；D.inspiring鼓舞根据下一句^She wouldrepeat whateverIsaidor did（妹妹经常复制她说的话和做的事情）”可知，妹妹经常复制她说的话和做的事情意思就是模仿作者的行为故选B项

22.考查动词词义辨析句意Indi问“你们在干什么？，挨着我就在桌子边坐下来T oA.putting放置；B.writing写;C.sitting坐;D.looking看根据这句话中的“next tous atthetable（挨着我们在桌子边）”可知，作者她们是在桌子边坐着的故选C项

23.考查动词词义辨析句意我拒绝了，但是我的朋友Mareya却同意了A.refused拒绝；B.waited等待；C.accepted接受；D.asked问根据这句话里的“but Mareyasaid yes（Mareya同意了）”可知，上下文是转折关系，Mareya同意了，所以我就是拒绝故选A项

24.考查形容词词义辨析句意Indi挤进来离我如此的近，以至于我都几乎看不到我在做什么了A.well好的；B.much多的；C.apart分开的；D.close近的根据这句话里的I couldhardlysee whatI wasdoing（我几乎看不到自己在做什么）”可知，妹妹应该是离我很近才导致我几乎看不到自己在做什么故选D项

25.考查名词词义辨析句意我要求她给我一些空间，但是她却说她要看清楚我的每一个动作A.room房间，空间；B.freedom自由；C.options选择；D.opinions观点根据上一句Indisqueezed（挤）in sotomethat Icould hardlyseewhatIwasdoing（Indi挤进来离我如此的近，以至于我都几乎看不到我在做什么了）”妹妹离我太近可知，接下来，我要要求妹妹离我远点，即给我一些空间故选A项

26.考查形容词词义辨析句意我用不耐烦地声音跟她说“你没有必要看清我在干嘛你可以自己设计A.nervous紧张的；B.impatient没有耐心的；C.excited兴奋的；D.curious好奇的根据上——句“I askedhertogivememore5but shesaid shewas tryingto seemymoveclearly（我要求她给我一些空间，但是她却说她要看清楚我的每一个动作）可知，作者不喜欢妹妹，所以跟她说话的时候，应该是不耐烦的语气。